Objective This report aims to assess the exposure risk of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil in Guangxi.Methods By using margin of exposure (MOE),the report analyzes the dietary exposure of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil with the data from contamination survey and dietary intake survey.Results For the vegetable oil sample,the content of aflatoxin B1 was between 0.50-320.00 μg/kg.The detection rate of peanut oil was 78.08％ (114/146) which was higher than other vegetable oil,and the exceeding rate was 31.51％ (46/146).For peanut oil,the average content was 30.80 μg/kg,the dietary exposure of the population was 17.30 ng/kg BW,and the MOE was 18.For the prepackaged peanut oil samples,the average content of aflatoxin B1 was 6.33 μg/kg,which was below the limit.While for the bulk peanut oil,the average content of AFB1 was 41.50 μg/kg,which was more than 1.08 times of the limit,and the dietary exposure was 25.59 ng/kg BW.The MOE of bulk peanut oil was 12,1/8 of the prepackaged peanut oil.Conclusion Food safety regulators should pay more attention to bulk peanut oil products,the priority in the risk management measures.At the same time,related department should also promote healthy education for the residents.

Objective The risk of current pancreaticojejunostomy is carefully considered from the perspective of the morphology of remnant pancreas,and we aimed to discuss the clinical outcomes of selecting different pancreaticojejunostomy techniques based on pancreatic morphology.Methods This was a prospective cohort study.The histopathology of remnant pancreatic tissues was categorized into four types based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation:Type Ⅰ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy,dilated pancreatic duct larger than 5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅱ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy and mild dilatation of pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅲ:pancreas with slightly hard texture,no atrophy,and normal or slightly dilated pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ≥3 cm;Type Ⅳ:pancreas with soft texture,normal morphology and pancreatic duct.Results From January 2008 to August 2017,116 consecutive patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our center.Among them,10 patients with type Ⅰ underwent classic pancreatic ductal mucosa to mucosa anastomosis.19 patients with type Ⅱ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.45 patients with type Ⅲ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy with overlapping U sutures;42 patients with type Ⅵ underwent total invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.The post-operative pancreatic fistula occurred in 6 patients (5.2％) with one patient died.Postoperative bleeding occurred in 10 patients (8.6％),and gastroparesis occurred in 22 patients (19.0％).Overall complication rate was 33.6％.Conclusions Classification of pancreatic morphology based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation and the selection of corresponding pancreaticojejunostomy technique is theoretically rational and has the advantage of potentially reducing the risk of remnant pancreatic tissue.

Biological toxins are toxic molecules produced by specific microorganisms,plants or animals.Due to their wide range of sources and high toxicity,the availability of protein and non-protein toxins is becoming increasingly important,some of which are used for military purposes and developed as biotoxin warfare agents.In this paper,the classification and mechanism of action of biological toxins are discussed.In addition,the strategies for prevention and control of biological toxins as well as their therapeutic applications are reviewed.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes and safety of haploidentical donor (HID)and HLA-matched sibling donor(MSD)hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)for severe aplastic anemia(SAA).Methods:From January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019, retrospective review of clinical data was performed for 75 SAA patients undergoing HSCT at Department of Hematology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Based upon donor sources, they were divided into two groups of MSD(49 cases)and HID (26 cases). And two groups were compared with regards to hematopoietic recovery, graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)infection and overall survival(OS).Results:Time of platelet and neutrophil engraftment of two groups was comparable(11 d vs.11 d, P=0.84; 11 d vs.12 d, P=0.08). Compared with HID group, MSD group had a lower incidence of acute GVHD(46.2% vs.18.4%, P=0.01)with a comparable incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD(26.9% vs.14.3%, P=0.24), grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute GVHD(15.4% vs.4.1%, P=0.09)and chronic GVHD(23.9% vs.23.1 %, P=0.71). A reactivation of CMV occurred in 27(55.1%)MSD and 22(84.6%)HID recipients( P=0.01). And the incidence of EB viremia was 69.4% and 61.5% respectively.After a median follow-up period of 54.0 and 18.5 months, the estimated 3-year OS rate of MSD and HID groups were 94.0% and 88.0% respectively ( P=0.35). Conclusions:HID HSCT is an effective and relatively safe option for SAA patients, especially for those in urgent need of treatment without MSD or refractory/relapse to immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and outcomes of central nervous system(CNS)complications associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Methods:A total of 550 recipient after HSCT in the department of hematology of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 1 2019 to August 31 2021were enrolled.According to the occurrence of CNS complications, they were divided into the CNS group(24 cases)and the non CNS group(526 cases). The clinical information and prognosis were compared.We further analyzed the risk factors associated with CNS complications, and conducted multivariate logistic regression on statistically significant indicators.Cox regression analysis is conducted on prognostic factors such as age, gender and risk degree.Results:A total of 550 recipients were enrolled, of which 330 underwent allo-HSCT, and others received auto-HSCT.A total of 24 cases (4.36%)had CNS complications, of which 4 cases had 2 types of CNS complications.The type of CNS complications included intracranial infection(8 cases, 28.57%), transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy(TA-TMA)(6 cases, 21.43%), central tumor invasion(4 cases, 14.29%), intracranial hemorrhage(4 cases, 14.29%), leucodystrophy(2 cases, 7.14%)and unexplained encephalopathy(4 cases, 14.29%). Logistic regression analysis of risk factors related to CNS complications showed that, Platelet implantation time( β=0.084, OR=1.088, P=0.048), CMV infection( β=1.295, OR=3.65, P=0.008)is positively correlated with the occurrence of CNS complications in HSCT recipients but age( β=-0.052, OR=0.949, P=0.004)is negatively correlated with it.Nine of the 24 cases(37.50%)who experienced CNS complications died, including 3 cases of intracranial infection, 3 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of TMA, and 1 case of unexplained encephalopathy.Platelet implantation time is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of CNS complications in HSCT recipients. Conclusions:Our results indicated that, age, CMV infection and platelet implantation time were associated with the occurrence of CNS complications after HSCT.Platelet implantation time is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of CNS complications in HSCT recipients.

Cell death plays important roles in living organisms and is a hallmark of numerous disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis and acute pancreatitis. Moreover, cell death also plays a pivotal role in the treatment of certain diseases, for example, cancer. Noninvasive visualization of cell death contributes to gained insight into diseases, development of individualized treatment plans, evaluation of treatment responses, and prediction of patient prognosis. On the other hand, cell death can also be targeted for the treatment of diseases. Although there are many ways for a cell to die, only apoptosis and necrosis have been extensively studied in terms of cell death related theranostics. This review mainly focuses on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Necrosis shares common morphological characteristics including the rupture of cell membrane integrity and release of cellular contents, which provide potential biomarkers for visualization of necrosis and necrosis targeted therapy. In the present review, we summarize the updated joint efforts to develop molecular imaging probes and therapeutic strategies targeting the biomarkers exposed by necrotic cells. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges in developing necrosis imaging probes and propose several biomarkers of necrosis that deserve to be explored in future imaging and therapy research.