Objective To discuss the role of MRI in diagnosis and for the placenta previa and implantation presented negative in ultrasound.Methods Patients of placenta previa without placenta implantation confirmed by ultrasound were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into A and B groups according to different treatment stages.A group underwent uterine segment cesarean section directly without MRI.B group underwent MRI scan first.And the MRI positive patients (B1 group) got abdominal aortic balloon temporarily block technique combined with the lower uterine segment cesarean section,if necessary,uterine artery embolization.The negative ones (B2 group) got uterine segment cesarean section directly.The placenta implantation was diagnosed by operation and (or) pathology.The maternal blood loss and hysterectomy rate between A and B group were compared.Results The sensitivity and specificity of MRI scan in placenta implantation was 0.75 and 0.916.The blood loss showed significant difference (P＜0.001).Hysterectomy rates presented no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion When the ultrasound only showed placenta previa without implantation,the further test of MRI scan could detect the placenta implantation patients.After diagnosed by MRI,obstetrics and gynecology jointly intervene could effectively reduce the blood loss,or reduce the rate of hysterectomy.

Objective To understand the timeliness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Yichang from 2016 to 2022 and its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the timeliness of ART in Yichang City. Methods HIV/AIDS cases data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022 were collected, and chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing the timeliness of ART. Results A total of 1 126 HIV/AIDS cases were collected, with local reported cases accounting for 83.13%. The male to female ratio was 5.15:1. The median age was 42 years old (28-53 years old). 41.03% of the cases were unmarried. 38.99% of cases had a first-time CD4+T lymphocytes (CD4 cells) count < 200 cells/µL. Cases with timely first CD4 cell test accounted for 67.85%. The overall timely rate of ART from 2016 to 2022 was 57.19%, with a median time from diagnosis to initiation of ART of 20 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the trend of ART timely rate from 2016 to 2022 (P=0.251). Cases with timely first CD4 cell test were more likely to initiate ART in time (OR=3.831, 95% CI:2.454-5.981), while cases reported from other areas (OR=0.497, 95% CI:0.345-0.716) and cases with higher first CD4 cell count levels (OR_≥500=0.473, 95% CI:0.312-0.718) were less likely to initiate ART in time. Conclusion The timely rate of antiviral treatment in Yichang City needs to be further improved. High attention should be paid to cases reported from other places, cases with delayed CD4 cell testing, and cases with high CD4 cell count levels. Treatment mobilization and referral should be done well, and early detection services should be provided in time.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and protective effect of total saponins of Panax japonicas (TSPJ) on HepG2 cells apoptosis induced by palmitic acid (PA).The HepG2 cells were cultured , and divided into five groups: the control group, the model group, the high-dose group (50 mg·L⁻¹), the middle-dose group (25 mg·L⁻¹) and the low-dose group (12.5 mg·L⁻¹).The cells of the five groups were cultured continuously for 24 hours. The cell viability was measured with MTT. HepG2 cells apoptosis was detected by Hoechest staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The protein expressions of BCL-2, CHOP and TLR4 were measured with western blotting and flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, BCL-2, CHOP and GAPDH were measured with RT-PCR. The results suggested that compared with the control group, the number of HepG2 cells of the model group were reduced significantly (<0.01), while the number of apoptotic HepG2 cells were increased. Compared with the model group, the number of HepG2 cells of the high-dose group and the middle-dose group were increased significantly (<0.01), whereas the number of apoptotic HepG2 cells were reduced. Compared with the control group, TNF-α, IL-1β and CHOP mRNA expressions and CHOP and TLR4 protein expressions in the model group were significantly up-regulated (<0.01), while BCL-2 protein and mRNA expressions in the model group were significantly decreased (<0.01). Compared with the model group, TNF-α, IL-1β and CHOP mRNA expressions and CHOP and TLR4 protein expressions in the high-dose group were significantly decreased (<0.01), while BCL-2 protein and mRNA expressions in the high-dose group were significantly up-regulated (<0.01).In conclusion, TSPJ can reduce inflammation and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid, with a certain protective effect on liver cells.
Apoptosis ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Palmitic Acids ; Panax ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the application of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods 37 cases of full-term neonates diagnosed as HIE by pediatricians and 12 normal neonates were selected.All subjects underwent MRI and DTI at 3.0 Tesla.The correlation of FA value in posterior limb of internal capsule and neonatal NBNA score was examined.Results The FA values in posterior limb of internal capsule, splenium had significant difference between the HIE group (mild group, moderate group, severe group) and control group (P<0.05);in central white matter of the frontal lobe, thalamus had significant difference between HIE severe group and control group (P<0.05);in nucleus of the bean had no statistic difference between the HIE group (mild group, moderate group,severe group) and control group (P>0.05).The FA in posterior limb of internal capsule and NBNA score(12-14 d;26-28 d)showed significant correlation (r=0.96,P<0.05),as well as the sequelae shape (r=0.87,P<0.05).Conclusion DTI is promising for early diagnosis of anisotropic index changes to evaluate HIE brain damage and prognosis.

To study the protective effect of Wuzi Yanzong recipe on testicular DNA damage and apoptosis in natural ageing rats, SPF grade 16-month-old SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups: ageing model group, low and high dose Wuzi Yanzong recipe groups (WZ, 1， 4 g·kg⁻¹). In addition, 2-month-old SD rats were used as adult control group (10 rats in each group). The ageing model group and the adult control group were fed with normal diet for 4 months. Wuzi Yanzong groups received medicated feed for 4 months. After fasting for 12 hours, the rats were sacrificed. Then testis tissues were taken and weighed to calculate the testis index. The change of testicular tissue morphology was observed by HE staining. Expression and localization of DNA damage-associated protein ATR were observed by immunofluorescence. The expressions of DNA damage-related proteins γ-H2AX, Chk1, p-p53 and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in testes were detected by Western blot. The apoptosis of testis tissue in rats was detected by using TUNEL. The results showed that as compared with the youth control group, the protein expression levels of γ-H2AX, Chk1, p-p53 and Bax were significantly increased while Bcl-2 protein expression level was significantly decreased intestis tissues of ageing model group. Wuzi Yanzong recipe significantly decreased protein expression levels of γ-H2AX, Chk1, p-p53 and Bax and increased Bcl-2 protein expression level as well as Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Immunofluorescence results showed that Wuzi Yanzong recipe could significantly decrease the ageing-induced ATR, increase in testis tissues. TUNEL results showed that Wuzi Yanzong recipe could significantly attenuate the germ cell apoptosis in testicular tissues. All the above results suggest that Wuzi Yanzong recipe could protect the germ cell in testicular tissues of natural ageing rates from DNA damage and apoptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with regulating p53 signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Fang (WZ) on proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells in aging rats by regulating miR-let-7-Imp axis.Method: A total of 40 18-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into aging model group, and low, middle and high-dose WZ groups, with 10 rats in each group. Ten 2-month old rats were used as young control group. Low, middle and high-dose WZ groups were given by gastric WZ 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 g·kg^-1 respectively. Young control group and aging model group were given normal saline for 4 months, which was suspended for 2 days every week. Rats were put to death after the final treatment with WZ, and then the testes were quickly removed from rats. The relative mRNA expression levels of miR-let-7 and Imp were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The expressions and localization of p-JAK2/JAK2, phosphate(p)-signal transduction and transcriptional activators3 (STAT3)/STAT3 signaling pathway proteins were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The numbers of spermatogonial stem cells and the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by immunofluorescence. The testicular tissue morphology was observed using htoxylin eosin (HE) staining.Result: Compared with young control group, the expression levels of miR-let-7 mRNA were significantly increased, while the expression levels of Imp mRNA were decreased in the aging model group(P<0.01). Conversely, the expression levels of miR-let-7 mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of Imp mRNA were significantly increased after WZ treatment(P<0.05). The results of Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 in aging model group were decreased significantly(P<0.01), while WZ significantly increased the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3(P<0.05, P<0.01). Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with young control group, the number of spermatogonial stem cells and PCNA expression decreased in aging model group. After WZ treatment, the number of spermatogonial stem cells was increased, whereas PCNA expression was up-regulated. HE showed that WZ significantly improved the testicular tissue structure of aging rats.Conclusion: WZ effectively promote the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells by regulating miR-let-7-imp axis in testis.

To study the protective effects of Wuzi Yanzong recipe on DNA oxidative damage of testis germ cells in natural ageing rats based on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and base excision repair (BER). In the study, 16-month-old SPF grade male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely ageing model group, and low and high-dose Wuzi Yanzong recipe groups (WZ, 1, 4 g·kg⁻¹). In addition, 2-month-old SD rats were used as adult control group (10 rats in each group). The ageing model group and the adult control group were fed with normal diet for 4 months. WZ groups were given medicated feed for 4 months. After fasting for 12 hours, the rats were put to death. Then, the testes were immediately removed. The vitality of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in testis were detected by xanthine oxidase method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The levels of Nrf2 and 8-OHdG were detected by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, APE1, OGG1 and XRCC1 were detected by Western blot. Compared with the ageing model group, WZ significantly increased the SOD vitality and decreased MDA content of testis. In addition, immunofluorescence results showed that WZ significantly attenuated testicular DNA oxidative damage and improved antioxidant capacity. Such changes were accompanied by the down-regulation of DNA oxidative damage response protein 8-OHdG levels and the up-regulation of Nrf2 levels. Moreover, Western blot results showed that WZ significantly increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 of the testis germ cells, when compared with ageing model group. In parallel, the protein expression levels of APE1, OGG1 and XRCC1 were significantly decreased. In conclusion, WZ improves ageing-related DNA oxidative damage via Nrf2/HO-1 and BER pathways.

To study the protective effects of Wuzi Yanzong recipe on testis germ cell apoptosis in natural ageing rats through endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), 16-month-old male SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: ageing model group, and low and high-dose Wuzi Yanzong recipe groups (WZ, 1 and 4 g·kg⁻¹), with 10 rats in each group. In addition, 2-month-old SD male rats were used as adult control group. The ageing model group and the adult control group were fed with normal diet for 4 months. WZ groups were given the medicated feed for 4 months. After fasting for 12 hours, the rats were put to death. Then, the testes were immediately collected. The change of testicular tissue morphology was observed by HE staining. The expression levels of ER stress-related proteins GRP78, p-PERK, p-eif2, ATF4, p-IRE1, XBP1, ATF6 and apoptosis-related proteins CHOP, caspase12 and p-JNK in testes were detected by Western blot. Compared with the ageing model group, Wuzi Yanzong recipe alleviated the morphological changes of testicular tissue. Western blot results showed that Wuzi Yanzong recipe significantly increased the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins GRP78, p-PERK, p-eif2, ATF4, p-IRE1, XBP1, ATF6 and significantly decreased the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum-induced apoptosis-related proteins CHOP, caspase 12 and p-JNK. In conclusion, Wuzi Yanzong recipe can alleviate the ageing-related apoptosis of testicular germ cells in natural ageing rats by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Aging ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Germ Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; drug effects

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential polycations that play important roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells. The study was to investigate their role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Isolated hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and cardiac I/R was achieved by 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Different concentrations of polyamines (0.1, 1, 10, and 15 μmol/L of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), cyclosporin A (0.2 μmol/L), or atractyloside (20 μmol/L) were given 10 min before the onset of reperfusion. The hemodynamics were monitored; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the coronary effluent were measured spectrophotometrically; infarct size was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method; and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was determined spectrophotometrically by the Ca-induced swelling of isolated cardiac mitochondria. The results showed that compared to I/R alone, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment improved heart function, reduced LDH release, decreased infarct size, and these effects were inhibited by atractyloside (MPTP activator). In isolated mitochondria from normal rats, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment inhibited MPTP opening. However, 10 and 15 μmol/L polyamines treatment had the opposite effects, and these effects were inhibited by cyclosporin A (MPTP inhibitor). Our findings showed that polyamines may have either protective or damaging effects on hearts suffering from I/R by inhibiting or activating MPTP opening.
Animals ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; physiology ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; Polyamines ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of exposure to aluminum (Al) on Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca contents in hippocampus of rats.

METHODSAlCl(3).6H(2)O was administered orally through diet (8% of body weight) to SD rats at doses of 0 (A), 11.2 (B), 55.9 (C), 111.9 (D) mg Al(3+)/kg BW for successive 90 days. Then Al, Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca contents in hippocampi of rats were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

RESULTSAfter oral exposure to Al, the Al content in hippocampus of rat increased significantly with a remarkable dose-effect relationship (r = 0.731, P < 0.001), The Zn, Fe, Ca and Cu contents in these four groups are as follows: Group A (18.29 +/- 2.48, 24.86 +/- 1.97, 48.69 +/- 22.08, 4.53 +/- 0.99) mg/g, Group B (17.22 +/- 2.06, 27.54 +/- 2.87, 42.79 +/- 14.42, 4.06 +/- 0.41) mg/g, Group C (14.46 +/- 1.90, 20.18 +/- 2.79, 29.95 +/- 7.33, 3.98 +/- 0.25) mg/g, Group D (15.85 +/- 2.54, 20.96 +/- 2.83, 36.14 +/- 12.66, 4.53 +/- 0.58) mg/g. Compared with the control group A, the Zn and Fe contents in group B and group C decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the Ca content in group C also decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONOral exposure to Al may result in accumulation of Al in hippocampus of brain and thus affect some essential elements (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) contents in the hippocampus at different degrees.

Aluminum ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Copper ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Iron ; metabolism ; Male ; Metals ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Zinc ; metabolism