Tissue engineering can regenerate damaged tissues and restore the biological functions by cell or tissue reconstruction,and is becoming a promising method for trachea replacement.Seed cells,cell growth factors and tracheal scaffolds are the three major elements of tissue engineering trachea,as a result researchers have paid a lot of attention to find ideal seed cells.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of stem cells with high self-renewal ability and muhi-directional differentiation potential.MSCs are widely distributed in bone marrow,umbilical cord,adipose tissue,myocardial tissue,brain,muscle and skin,and can differentiate into a variety of cells,including osteocytes,chondrocytes,adipocytes and neurocytes.MSCs have the characteristics of high proliferation ability,wide differentiation range and immunomodulatory function,which can be used to repair damaged tissue.These advantages make the MSCs an ideal candidate of seed cells for tissue engineering trachea.This review mainly summarized the application of MSCs in tissue engineering trachea.

Objective To prepare 3D printed tracheal graft and investigate its cellular biocompatibility and biomechanical properties.Methods Bone marrow was isolated from tibial plateau of young New Zealand white rabbit,and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were obtained by whole bone marrow culture method and adherent purification method.Biomechanical test was performed for 3D printed trachea graft.After co-cultured of 3D printed trachea graft and BMSCs,cell morphology was observed and the proliferation index of the cells on 3D printed trachea graft was quantified using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.Results 3D printed trachea graft showed excellent biomechanical properties.Cell morphology was normal and cells grew well after co-culture with 3D printed trachea graft.The SRB assay indicated good proliferation of BMSCs on 3D printed trachea graft.Conclusions 3D printed trachea graft shows favorable cellular biocompatibility and biomechanical properties,and therefore can be used as a scaffold material for tissue-engineered trachea.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes between pedicle screw internal fixation via the Wiltse approach and conservative treatment in young patients with thoracolumbar fracture with Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (TLICS) ≤ 4 points.Methods:This retrospective study included 219 young patients with thoracolumbar fracture with TLICS score ≤ 4 points who had been treated from January 2014 to December 2018 at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and obtained full follow-up. They were assigned into a surgery group of 126 patients subjected to pedicle screw internal fixation via the Wiltse approach and a conservative group of 93 patients subjected to conservative treatment. The surgery group included 65 males and 61 females, aged from 18 to 37 years, with a TLICS score of 1 point in 38 cases and of 2 to 4 points in 88 ones; the conservative group included 48 males and 45 females, aged from 19 to 38 years, with a TLICS score of 1 point in 29 cases and of 2 to 4 points in 64 ones. Patients in both groups underwent thoracolumbar X-ray, CT and MRI before treatment and regular thoracolumbar X-ray reexamination after treatment. Improvements in visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain were compared between pre- and post-treatment. The 2 groups were compared in terms of VAS, anterior height of the injured vertebra and kyphosis cobb angle between pre-treatment, one month post-treatment and the last follow-up.Results:The 2 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences between them in the pre-treatment general data ( P>0.05). In the surgery group, patients were followed up for 24 to 72 months, the average VAS scores at one month post-treatment (2.5±1.2) and the last follow-up (2.3±0.8) were significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment value (6.8±2.1) ( P<0.05), and no serious surgical complications occurred. In the conservative group, patients were followed up for 30 to 65 months, the average VAS scores at one month post-treatment (3.9±1.9) and the last follow-up (3.5±0.9) were significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment value (6.2±2.0) ( P<0.05), and the rate of complications was 11.8% (11/93, including 3 cases of neural symptoms of the lower limb, 4 cases of bedsore and 4 cases of pulmonary infection). The VAS, anterior height of the injured vertebra and kyphosis cobb angle at one month post-treatment and the last follow-up in the surgery group were all significantly better than in the conservative group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In young patients with thoracolumbar fracture with TLICS ≤ 4 points, pedicle screw internal fixation via the Wiltse approach can lead to better therapeutic outcomes than conservative treatment, especially in relief of postoperative low back pain.

Objective To explore the feasibility and assess the efficacy of posterior paraspinal muscle gap approach in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods From June 2009 to June 2013,a total of 29 patients were analyzed retrospectively.There were 2 patients of tuberculosis T8,9,6 of T9,10,8 of L1,2,10 of L2,3,and 3 of L4,5.The patients included 12cases of male,17 cases of female; the age ranged from 28 to 53 years,with a mean of 40.78 years.Nine patients had preoperative kyphosis deformity,and Cobb angle ranged from 19° to 39° (mean,29.67°).Two patients complained with paraplegia with Frankel grade C.All patients had preoperative standardized oral isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide border,ethambutol,glucuronolactone for 2-4 weeks.All patients underwent one-stage posterior paraspinal muscle gap approach fixation,rectification,debridement and autograft bone fusion.The clinical effects were observed by the time and blood loss in operation,blood loss after operation; the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) one week after operation and the last follow-up,the time erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) drop to normal after operation,the change of cobb angle,the improvement of the neurological symptom,the situation of the bone fusion.Results Operation time was 3-4 h,with an average of 3.3 h; operative blood loss was 300-600 ml,with an average of 434 ml.Drainage volumn was 250-450 ml after surgery with an average of 340 ml.All patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months with an average of 16.56 months.There was no recurrence,sinus formation or internal fixation failure,and all patients obtained successful bony fusion.The mean time ESR drop to normal range after operation was 4.22 months.One patient of the two with Frankel grade C pre-operation turn to grade D,the other grade E.The Cobb angle was 10.33° (9°-12°) immediately after operation,and 12.22° (11°-14°) at the final follow-up.Conclusion Posterior paraspinal muscle gap approach surgeries is feasible and effective in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the chemotherapy sensibility of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in colorectal cancer cell line Lovo, and to explore the possible mechanisms.Methods According to the treatment methods, the cells were divided into control group, 5-Fu group, TSA group, TSA preconditioning group and combination group (TSA+5-Fu).MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after drugs treatment.Transwell assay was used to test cell invasion after 24 h drugs treatment.Flow cytometer was applied to observe the apoptosis after 24 h drugs treatment.The expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) were detected by Western blot after 24 h drugs treatment.Results Compared with control group, the 5-Fu group, TSA preconditioning group and combination group had a growth inhibition to Lovo cell at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (P ＜ 0.05), and compared with 5-Fu group, the growth inhibition of TSA preconditioning group and combination group were distinctive at 48 h and 72 h (P ＜ 0.05).However, the inhibition between TSA preconditioning group and combination group were no significant (P ＞ 0.05).Interfered after 24 h, the number of cells penetrating the matrigel in control group, 5-Fu group, TSA group,TSA preconditioning group and combination group were (25.0±4.2), (16.8±2.8), (19.6± 2.5), (8.2±3.2) and (6.5±2.6), respectively (P ＜ 0.05), and the apoptosis rates were (4.26±1.36) ％, (11.66± 3.18) ％, (8.57±2.69) ％, (39.79±8.53) ％ and (45.18±10.07) ％, respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group, the number of cells penetrating the matrigel in the experimental groups was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 5-Fu group, the numbers of cells penetrating the matrigel in TSA preconditioning group and combination group were markedly decreased, and the apoptosis rates were markedly increased (P ＜ 0.05), but the number of cells penetrating the matrigel and the apoptosis rate between TSA preconditioning group and combination group were not different (P ＞ 0.05).The difference of TS expression between control group and 5-Fu group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with that in control group and 5-Fu group, TS expressions in TSA group, TSA preconditioning group and combination group were markedly decreased (P ＜ 0.05), but TS expressions among the last three groups were not different (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion TSA can increase the chemotherapy sensibility of 5-Fu in Lovo cells, which may be dependent on reducing the TS expression.

Objective To explore the effect of Exosomes isolated from the A549 lung cancer cells on the proliferation of these cells and their ho?mologous tumor cells,HCC827,and the role of the PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant after density gradient centrifugation of A549 cells. The Exosomes morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the Exosome?specific proteins was analyzed using Western blotting. Cell proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. Re?sults The A549?derived Exosomes were 30?100 nm in diameter and had a bilayer membrane.Western blotting showed that CD9 was detected in these Exosomes. The isolated Exosomes promoted the proliferation of the A549 and the HCC827 cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner,ac?companied by the activation of Akt and SRC. Conclusion Exosomes isolated from A549 cells promote the proliferation of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner. The mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt and SRC.

Objective To investigate the effect of Exosomes derived from lung cancer cells on the migration of secretory cells and homologous tumor cells and to explore the role of PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process.Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supematant post density gradient centrifugation of A549,lung cancer cells.Morphology of the Exosomes was studied using transmission electron microscopy.Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting.Cell migration was analyzed by a transwell assay.Results The double-membrane-bound Exosomes appeared as discal-shaped structures,30-100 nm in diameter.Western blotting showed that CD9 was abundant in the Exosomes.The Exosomes promoted the migration of A549 cells and their homologous tumor cells,HCC827 in a dose-dependent manner,accompanied by the activation of Akt and SRC.Conclusion The Exosomes derived from A549 (lung cancer) cells promote the migration of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells.The mechanism may be correlated with the activation of Akt and SRC.

In recent years,the detection rate of early lung cancer with microscopic lesions such as ground-glass nodules and sub-centimeter nodules (≤ 1 cm) has been significantly higher.For such lesions,early surgical intervention can effectively prolong the survival time of patients.But in the actual operation of these small lesions difficult to detect,which brought great difficulties to surgery.At present,clinically for such small lesions,usually in the preoperative CT-guided puncture positioning based on the implementation of surgical resection.This method of location there are trauma,complications and other shortcomings,so how to more precise positioning and labeling of lung lesions is a clinical problem to be solved urgently.In this paper,the localization and localization of lung lesions in recent years are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and materials are summarized and analyzed.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-1183 on proliferation and metastasis on gastric cancer cells and to explore the role of microRNA-1183 and CBL-B signaling pathways in this process. Methods MGC803 cells were transfected with a microRNA-1183 mimic. Real-time PCR detected the expression of microRNA-1183 in gastric cancer cell line MGC803. MTT detected the proliferative effect of microRNA-1183 on MGC803 gastric cancer cells. A Transwell assay detected the effect of microRNA-1183 on the metastasis of MGC803 gastric cancer cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay detected the binding ability between microRNA-1183 and CBL-B. The expression of the protein was tested by Western blotting. Results MTT assay results showed that microRNA-1183 promoted the proliferation of MGC803 cells. Transwell assay results revealed that microRNA-1183 promoted the metastasis of MGC803 cells. The results of BLAST contrast analysis show that CBL-B is one of the target genes of microRNA-1183. Western blotting analysis showed that the mimic microRNA-1183 inhibited the expression of CBL-B. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CBL-B was the target gene of microRNA-1183. A CBL-B knockdown promoted the proliferation and metastasis of MGC803 cells. microRNA-1183 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of MGC803 cells by inhibiting the expression of CBL-B. Conclusion microRNA-1183 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines by inhibiting the expression of CBL-B.

0bjective: To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of cervical vertebral dome expansion laminoplasty.. Methods: Our hospital from February 2017 to 2018 Sep 16 cases with cervical spinal canal dome of cervical spinal stenosis angioplasty in treatment of cervical spinal cord due to the medical records of patients, including 14 males and 2 females; Aged 49- 76 years old, average age 57.3±1.7 years old. The course of disease was 7-48 months, with an average disease duration 17.75±1.90 months. Of the 16 patients, 5 had multi-segment cervical disc herniation and 11 had long segmental ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. All the 16 patients underwent cervical C_3-7 dome-type spinal canal enlargement; the position, stability and spinal cord compression of the internal fixation were evaluated according to the patient's imaging data (X-ray, CT and MRI). The neck and upper extremity pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after operation. The cervical spinal cord function was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) spinal cord function score, and the rate of improvement of neurological function was calculated. The Frankel grading was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients before and after surgery. Results: Cervical X-ray, CT and MRI were performed in all patients before and after surgery. Operation time 55-110 min, mean 65±12 min, bleeding 100-220 ml, mean 110±20 ml. The cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and the median sagittal diameter of the spinal canal were significantly increased compared with the preoperative. All patients were followed up for an average of 10.9±1.4 months (3-20 months). Imaging examination showed that 16 patients had no loosening and fracture after internal fixation, and no re-closure occurred. MRI T2WI images showed continuous recovery of cerebrospinal fluid signal in the spinal cord of C_3-7 range. The preoperative VAS score was 7.3±0.9 points, the average VAS score at the last follow-up was 1.6±0.4 points, the preoperative JOA score was 6.9±1.1 points, and the last follow-up JOA score was 13.4±1.3 points. The improvement rate was 87.23%±3.81%; Frankel grade D before surgery, and Frankel grade E after surgery. Conclusion Cervical spinal canal domed simple angioplasty operation, spinal canal full, satisfactory clinical efficacy, and can effectively reduce the incidence of related complications, it is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of cervical spinal stenosis.