This study was aimed to examine the correlation of the cytotoxic effects induced by two types of TNF-α to cell cycle. Hoechst 33342 and PI were used to detect the morphological changes in the cell death induced by the two types of TNF-α. TdT and PI co-staining was performed to determine the phase of cell cycle of apoptotic cells. L929 cells in different phases of cell cycle were further synchronized and their sensitivity to the two types of TNF-α was observed. Our results showed that the apoptosis of HepG2 cells triggered by tm-TNF-α mainly occurred in G(1) phase while in HL-60, Raji and K562 cell lines it mainly took place in S phase. The apoptosis of L929 cells induced by tm-TNF-α mainly occurred in S phase while the apoptosis induced by s-TNF-α mainly appeared in G(1) phase. L929 cells were sensitive to s-TNF-α when synchronized in G(1) phase (cytotoxicity 49.8%) while their sensitivity to tm-TNF-α was highest in S phase (45.7%) and G(1)/S phase (cytotoxicity 40.6%). It was concluded that tm-TNF-α-induced apoptosis of different target cells took place in different phases of cell cycle. The apoptosis of the specific cell line induced by the two types of TNF-α occurred in different phases of cell cycle. The sensitivity of the specific cell line to the two types of TNF-α was correlated with the phase of cell cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and significant of mutations of GJB2 gene, SLC26A4 gene and mitochondrial 12S rRNA in deaf children who received cochlear implantation (CI) in Yunnan and to provide the data for diagnoses and research of recovery in C1 children. METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples collected from 46 children and their parents (110 cases). All the children received the CI. Their parents had normal auditory phenotype. PCR was performed and the products were sequenced by automated DNA sequencer to detect the hot spots of mutations. RESULT: The detection rates of GJB2 235delC (13.0%) and 109G>A (24.0%) mutations were significantly higher than other mutations. SLC26A was the secondary major mutation (13.0%). We found out that no patient carried the mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations. Leukoencephalopathy, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoxic-ischemic injure were disclosed in 7 patients (15.2%). The rate of mutations in parents was 36.0% (23/64). There had no difference between Han and other racial minorities (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The CI recipients in Yunnan with a high frequency of 235 delC and 109 G>A mutation, IVS7-2A>G (6.5%) is also a common mutation related hearing loss; aminoglycoside antibiotics may not be the main reason which induced congenital deaf in CI children; environment facts was suggested to contribute another important cause. The hot-spots gene screening for the C1 children could offer an accurate genetic counseling for early diagnosis and treatment, it also provide evidences for the clinical analysis between mutations and curative effect.
Anion Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Sulfate Transporters

Objective: To explore the short-term effects of communicated activities regarding the China Healthy Lifestyle for All workshop held during September 2018. Method: "National action for three reductions and three health activities" and related content ( "salt reduction," "oil reduction," "sugar reduction," "oral health," "healthy bones," and "healthy weight" ) were used as keywords. Starting September 1, thematic publicity topics were launched and implemented throughout the month. The National Action Office issued promotional materials one day in advance through the WeChat Work Group known as the health promotion network in the mainland, which had been developed by members from different provinces, cities, and counties, to disseminate the materials for use both offline and online. Using search engines such as Baidu search and Sogou search, a third-party professional evaluation agency intelligently captured relevant information and texts from various organizations (including provinces, cities, and countries). The information was gathered and sorted according to different channels and forms; thereby, a database was formed for analysis. The content analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the change trend of the release volume of related reports, and classified statistics were conducted according to different communication channels and forms. Baidu index, WeChat interactive volume, WeChat index, and Weibo hit times were used for evaluation. Researchers analyzed the difference of release volumes in different provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions), as well as in eastern and central regions. Results: The daily communication trend increased significantly after September, with 42 176 reports on related topics, peaking on September 3 (2 703 reports in a single day); effects of the topic establishment and publicity were shown during the entire month. The Badu index showed the same tendency. The keywords "three reductions," "three health," "all-people action," "oil reduction," "sugar reduction," "salt reduction," "oral health," "healthy bones," and "healthy weight" had become high-frequency words. From the perspective of communication channels, there were 17 576, 11 453, and 8 034 reports by WeChat, the news, and Weibo, respectively, accounting for 41.76%, 27.16%, and 19.05% of the total; these report rates were obviously higher than those of other communication channels. WeChat’s interactions reached 4 064 699, and the WeChat index rose to a peak of 858 275 on September 1, which was 194.44 times higher than on August 10 (before the promotional month); additionally, the number of micro-blogging hits reached 130 907 879. Regarding the form of presentation, in descending order, the most frequent type was graphics, followed by star propaganda, radio drama, and health super material. In addition, the gap between the top five provinces ranked by each channel was large. The number of daily releases varied significantly among provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), with Beijing taking the top spot with 81 articles, while the western provinces of Xinjiang, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and Tibet had relatively low daily releases. Even the gap of rank among the top five in WeChat, news, and individual micro-blogs were larger: Beijing, Shandong Province, and Zhejiang Province were the country’s top three regions in WeChat publishing volume. The communication effect in the eastern, central, and western regions was considerably different, with the eastern region clearly responding better than the other two regions, and the western region had insufficient propaganda capacity as a whole. Conclusion The communication effect of the China Healthy Lifestyle for All month activities in 2018 was quite effective, but the gap in communication effect by provinces was large.

This study was aimed to examine the correlation of the cytotoxic effects induced by two types of TNF-α to cell cycle. Hoechst 33342 and PI were used to detect the morphological changes in the cell death induced by the two types of TNF-α. TdT and PI co-staining was performed to determine the phase of cell cycle of apoptotic cells. L929 cells in different phases of cell cycle were further synchronized and their sensitivity to the two types of TNF-α was observed. Our results showed that the apoptosis of HepG2 cells triggered by tm-TNF-α mainly occurred in G(1) phase while in HL-60, Raji and K562 cell lines it mainly took place in S phase. The apoptosis of L929 cells induced by tm-TNF-α mainly occurred in S phase while the apoptosis induced by s-TNF-α mainly appeared in G(1) phase. L929 cells were sensitive to s-TNF-α when synchronized in G(1) phase (cytotoxicity 49.8%) while their sensitivity to tm-TNF-α was highest in S phase (45.7%) and G(1)/S phase (cytotoxicity 40.6%). It was concluded that tm-TNF-α-induced apoptosis of different target cells took place in different phases of cell cycle. The apoptosis of the specific cell line induced by the two types of TNF-α occurred in different phases of cell cycle. The sensitivity of the specific cell line to the two types of TNF-α was correlated with the phase of cell cycle.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; HL-60 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 2 dimension late Gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) technique for the evaluation of atrial myocardial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Forty-nine cases of atrial fibrillation in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected. The LGE-MR was acquired by the Siemens 3.0 T MR machine before the catheter ablation.The findings of LGE-MR were evaluated by two experienced doctors. The left atrium(LA)were manually segmented into 8 regions in axial view.All patients were classified into 4 stages based on the extent of enhancement, stage 0: absence of enhancement, stage Ⅰ: enhancement appeared in minimal two consecutive slices in single region,stageⅡ:enhancement in two regions,stageⅢ:enhancement in three or more regions. All electroanatomic maps were obtained after electrical conversion during catheter ablation. The Kappa test was used to assess the consistency of LGE-MRI left atrial myocardial fibrosis and CARTO system of the left atrial endocardial voltage reconstruction. Results Forty-nine cases of atrial fibrillation with LGE-MRI and CARTO were included. There were 17 cases of atrial fibrosis stage 0,10 cases of stageⅠ,11 cases of stageⅡ,11 cases of stageⅢaccording to LGE-MRI findings;There were 17 cases of atrial fibrosis stage 0,19 cases of stageⅠ,12 cases of stageⅡ,11 cases of stage Ⅲ with reference to CARTO findings. The diagnostic accuracy of the LGE-MRI atrial fibrosis was 81.6%(40/49),of which the correlation was good(Kappa= 0.751,P<0.001). Conclusions LGE-MRI can accurately assess the degree of left atrial myocardial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation,help to select the proper candidate and strategy in catheter ablation.

Objective To understand the compliance of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nanjing. Methods PLWHA receiving HAART in No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing during May-June 2014 were recruited in this study. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data about HAART compliance and socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA surveyed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to examine the effects of the factors on self-reported HAART adherence. Results A total of 276 PLWHA were surveyed,According to the evaluation criterion of Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE),252 cases showed good compliance (91.3%). logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking,progress of the disease and side effects,reminding of taking drug and age were correlated with self-reported HAART adherence. Conclusion It is suggested to strengthen the education about antiviral therapy compliance in PLWHA with mild infection and those who are smokers and young,suffer from side effects,have no reminding methods for taking drug.

Objective: To compare the efficacies of two training protocols, i.e. the multimedia instruction and the conventional method, in periodontal surgery teaching for undergraduate students. Methods: One hundred and twenty-three dental undergraduates in their pre-clinical training course were recruited and divided into two groups according to the learning grade matching principle: the experimental group (multimedia instruction, 60 students) and the control group (conventional method, 63 students). The teaching aim was to train the students gingivectomy and periodontal flap surgery by using the pig jaws. The conventional teaching method of teacher-demonstrating and student-practicing was used in the control group, and the practice time of the students′ for each surgery was 45 minutes. A standardized teaching video combined with the teachers′ explanations of the key steps was used in the experimental group. The students′ practice time for each surgery was 60 minutes. The efficacy of teaching protocol was evaluated by the teachers according to the scoring criteria set by the teaching group. Results: In gingivectomy training, accuracy of fixed points, angle of postoperative gingival margin and morphology of gingiva of the experimental group were better than those of the control group. The experimental group also had more complete and continuous excised gingivae and more thorough adjacent gingival removal. The total scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (92.8±2.6 vs. 89.9±3.7, P<0.05). In periodontal flap surgery training, the experimental group operated the blade around the shape of the tooth better in internal bevel incision than the control group. Additionally, the incision position of internal bevel incision, periosteal integrity after flapping and flap depth of the experimental group were better than those of the control group. Besides, the experimental group had smoother flap edge and more thorough debridement. The total scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (92.2±4.1 vs. 89.2±4.4, P<0.05). Conclusions The teaching efficacy of multimedia instruction was better than that of the conventional method. Its value needs to be further tested in future teaching practice.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out prenatal diagnosis for a fetus with normal ultrasonographic finding at 20 weeks' gestation but a copy number variant(CNV) of 13q indicated by non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT). METHODS: Karyotyping analysis and chromosomal CNV assay were carried out on the amniotic fluid sample. Parental peripheral blood sample was collected for chromosomal analysis. Detailed fetal ultrasound scan was carried out to rule out structural abnormalities of the fetus. RESULTS: The fetus was detected with a heterozygous 10.14 Mb deletion at 13q21.1q21.32, which has originated from the phenotypically normal mother. No apparent karyotypic abnormality was detected in the fetus and its parents. No ultrasonic abnormality was found in the fetus. CONCLUSION Both the fetus and its mother have carried a heterozygous 10.14 Mb deletion at 13q21.1q21.32 and presented normal phenotypes.Combined with literature review, the segmental deletion was judged to be a benign variant.
Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology in four patients with hyperbilirubinemia, and discuss the correlation between clinical characteristics and molecular basis. METHODS: The data of clinical manifestation and auxiliary examinations were collected. Genomic DNA of the four patients was extracted and analyzed by next-generation sequencing using the panel including genes involved in hereditary metabolic liver diseases. Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: All of the four patients were males with normal liver enzymes. It was revealed that all the patients had heterozygous variants, among which c.3011C>T, c.2443C>T and c.2556del were the variants which have not been reported previously. CONCLUSION All of the patients were diagnosed as Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) caused by ABCC2 gene variants. The novel variants add to the spectrum of genetic variants of the disease. Because of the favorite prognosis, precise diagnosis can greatly reduce the psychological pressure of patients and avoid excessive treatments. At the same time, it could provide pertinent genetic counseling for the families.
DNA ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/genetics* ; Male ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics* ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVETo understand the economic burden caused by antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS and influencing factors in Nanjing.

METHODSPeople living with HIV/AIDS were divided into two groups, HIV infected patients and AIDS patients. The data about their direct medical expenditure, direct non-medical expenditure and indirect economic loss in the past year were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify the potential influencing factors.

RESULTSThe median of direct medical expenditure and total costs for 133 HIV infected patients were 1,200 yuan RMB and 1,972 yuan RMB respectively. The median of direct medical expenditure and total costs for 145 AIDS patients were 1 060 yuan RMB and 2 826 yuan RMB respectively. The differences in direct medical expenditure and total costs between HIV infected patients and AIDS patients showed no statistical significance. The results from univariate analysis indicated that the sample source influenced total costs significantly. Multivariate analysis showed that onset time and CD level were negatively correlated with direct medical expenditure. The patients infected through heterosexual contact had more direct medical expenditure than those infected through homosexual contact. The patients receiving HIV test in hospitals had more direct medical expenditure than those receiving volunteer counseling and testing.

CONCLUSIONFurther efforts should be made to expand HIV testing and treatment coverage in order to detect HIV infections as early as possible. Early antiretroviral treatment should be given to HIV infected patients to maintain their immunity and reduce their medical expenditure.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; economics ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; economics ; therapeutic use ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Counseling ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; economics ; Health Expenditures ; statistics & numerical data ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Voluntary Programs