Objective To investigate the effects of IL-6/STAT3 activation on the proliferation of biliary epithelial cell following liver transplantation in rat.Methods Based on the classic "two-cuff" technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat,end-to-end anastomosis between the common hepatic arteries of donor and recipient by the modified "Gao stent" was performed to reconstruct hepatic artery blood flow.Wistar rats were then randomly divided into CP1h group and CP12h group(grafts were preserved in UW solution at 4℃ for 1h and 12h respectively),RPM group(CP12h group treated by rapamycin,RPM)and C group(control).At 1,3,7,14d after operation,liver IL-6 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.STAT3 activation was determined using laser confocal scan microscopy(LSM).BEC proliferation was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results In the CP1h group,expression of IL-6 mRNA was upregulated one day after operation(0.41?0.03),and then fell to the C group level subsequently(0.28?0.03,0.23?0.03 and 0.27?0.05 at 3,7 and 14d after operation).STAT3 activation in the BEC(94?8,61?6,39?4 and 34?3)and proliferation of the BEC following liver transplantation(2.1%?0.3%,5.9%?0.5%,2.6%?0.5% and 2.3%?0.5%)showed a similar trend.Compared with the CP1h and C group,the CP12h group demonstrated a significant and persistent up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA(0.60?0.03,0.73?0.02,0.38?0.02 and 0.30?0.04)and STAT3 activation(167?17,247?13,110?9 and 74?8).BEC proliferation in CP12h group were 7.0%?0.5%,27.8%?1.8%,23.1%?1.6% and 17.8%?1.2%,there was a direct correlation between IL-6 mRNA expression and STAT3 activation(r=0.95,P

Objective To investigate the dynamic features of high-density lipoproteins(HDL) in burn patients and the relationship between the changes and infectious complications.Methods One hundred and twenty patients,aged from 18 to 59 years and admitted within 24 hours of with thermal injury,were involved in present study including mild-moderate,severe and extensive burns groups each of 40 cases.Empty stomach blood samples were drawn on admission and at day 1,2,3,5,7,14 and 21 after burn injury.Serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoproteins(HDL),low-density lipoproteins(LDL),apolipoprotein A1(apoA1) and apolipoprotein B(apoB) were measured in all patients and compared with those of 40 healthy volunteers(control group).The infectious complications and outcome were monitored.Results In 120 patients,a total of 51 identifiable nosocomial infection episodes occurred in 32 patients.Of 6 dead cases,5 were related to infections.The incidence of infection in mild-moderate,severe and extensive burn groups were 7.5%,20.0% and 52.5%,respectively,with statistically significant difference(P0.05) on admission and day 1;from day 2 to day 21,the concentrations of TC,HDL and apoA1 in infection patients were lower than those in non-infection patients(P

Objective To assess the protective effect of mastoparan-1(MP-1) on acute lung injury in mouse model with endotoxemia(ETM) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and to investigate the possible mechanism of protcetive effect.Methods The endotoxemia murine model was reproduced by tail vein injection of LPS(5mg/kg) in mice.Animals were randomly divided into normal control group(n=8),endotoxemia group(n=48) and MP-1-treatment group(MP-1 was injected in 3mg/kg at the same time of LPS injection,n=48).Animals of the latter two groups were sacrificed at 2,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after injection,and then the blood and lung tissue samples were collected.Plasma LPS was assayed using kinetic turbidimetric limulus test,TNF-? and IL-6 were measured by appropriate ELISA kits,TLR4,TNF-? and IL-6 mRNA expressions in lung tissues were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR,myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity of lung tissues was determined by spectrophotometric method,and the pathological changes in lung tissues were observed under microscope.Result The plasma levels of LPS,TNF-? and IL-6 in the mice of endotoxemia group were increased at 2-48 hours after LPS injection(P

OBJECTIVE:To isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra by means of biosen?sor technique.METHODS:The surface of biosensor cuvette was embedded by Lipid A;the screening target was established,tracking the silica gel column chromatogram and the binding ability of effluent component from HPLC with Lipid A with the ultraviolet scan result of the reclaimed material from biosensor as reference;anti-endotoxin monomer component was isolated;the component of monomer and the synthetic action of extrinsic lipopolysaccharides were also assayed by LAL test method.RESULTS:Components binding to Lipid A was reclaimed from cuvetee by biosensor technique,with the wavelength of UV absorption peak at194nm,215nm and275nm respectively.Anti-endotoxin monomers of higher binding activity with Lipid A isolated by HPLC method were1,2,3,4,6—O—pentagalloyl—?—D—glucose(PGG).PGG at concentration of8,4,2?g/ml respectively neutralized68.8%,43.7%and31.4%of LPS at an activity of0.1EU/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:It is fea?sible to isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra by means of biosensor technique,which is a fast,accurate and efficient and can be used to isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra on a large scale.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium with strong pathogenicity. With the widespread use of antibiotics， its multi-drug resistance has gradually increased. Among them， methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA） is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infections. Antimicrobial peptides are short-chain peptides with good antibacterial effects and low drug resistance， which have been widely studied in recent years. This study summarizes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and related study on antimicrobial peptides against MRSA from different sources. It is found that the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides include targeting bacterial cell membranes， bacterial cells， and bacterial cell walls， etc. Besides isolating antimicrobial peptides with anti-MRSA activity from animals， plants， and microorganisms， antimicrobial peptides can also be obtained through synthetic methods. Among them， GHa-derived peptides from animal sources， Ib-AMP4 from plant sources， Ph-SA from microbial sources， the synthetic peptide LLKLLLKLL-NH2， and so on， due to their effective antibacterial activity， rapid bactericidal speed， and low toxicity， are promising candidates for anti-MRSA drugs.

Objective To observe the impact of heart catheterization on blood and organ function,and create an stable animal model.Methods Ten male Wistar rats were divided into control group undergoing sham operation and experimental group undergoing improved heart catheterization(n=5 in each group).Blood samples were obtained every day from 10 rats before and after operation,and white blood cell(WBC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),creatine phosphokinase(CK) and lipopolysaccharide were detected.The pathomorphology of heart,liver and kidney in catheterized rats was observed on postoperative day 7.Results For the catheterized rats,blood cultures were negative of bacteria and the markers above were within normal range except for CK that recovered to normal value in 7 d,while the control rats had no obvious damage.Conclusion Heart catheterization causes no infection and organ function changes in rats.The animal model of heart catheterization for clinical pharmacological research is reliable.

Objective To evaluate the value of angled insonation technique in obtaining the volumes of the fetal palate and in three-dimensional post-processing.Methods Five hundred and sixty-six cases of 20~28 weeks fetuses with normal face were confirmed by systemic ultrasound examinations and post-natal examination.The volumes in the standard midsagittal plane and angled midsagittal plane were obtained,then post-processed these data by 4D-View software.The same technology was used for volume data acquisition and processing to 1 case of cleft lip and palate fetal.Results In 566 fetuses,two groups of volume data were successfully acquired in 458 cases (standard midsagittal plane group) and 411 cases (angled midsagittal plane group).Fetal primary palate in the standard group and the angled group can be both well visualized(100%).Axial plane of hard palate can not be reconstructed in the standard group.Only 36% of the fetal hard palate's coronal plane and transoral oblique coronal plane can be reconstructed.The visualization rate of soft palate was 87% in the standard group,which was slightly higher than the angled group (82%).The visualization rate of hard palate's axial plane,coronal plane and transoral oblique coronal plane was 100% respectively in the angled group.Cleft alveolar process involving the secondary palate can be clearly visualized in 1 case of cleft lip and palate fetus.Conclusions By using the angled insonation technique,which is based on clearly visualizing secondary palate to obtain volumes,using three-dimensional post-processing technique can obtain the conventional three orthogonal planes and any other section of the whole palate.By using it we can assess the integrity of fetal palate,diagnose cleft lip with or without cleft palate and classify the cleft palate,even make prenatal diagnosis of the isolated cleft palate possible.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of mastoparan-1 (MP-1) antagonizing lipopolysaecharide (LPS) in vitro. Methods The affinity of MP-1 for lipid A was assayed by biosensor, and the neutralization of MP-1 on LPS (2 μg/L) was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. After exposing fluorescin isothiecyanate (FITC) labeled LPS (FITC-LPS) to MP-1 at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L), the binding of FITC-LPS to murine RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The influence of MP-1 on TLR4 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (100 μg/L) was detected by immunoeytochemieal staining. The expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 at the gene and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA after exposing LPS (100 μg/ L) stimulated RAW264.7 cells to MP-1 at different concentrations. The effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay. Results MP-1 had high affinity to lipid A and could neutralize LPS. MP-1 at 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited not only binding of FITC-LPS to RAW264.7 (P < 0.05), but also protein and gene expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). No toxic effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was found (P > 0.05). Conclusions MP-1 inhibits cell viability mediated by LPS, which may be related to its neutralization of LPS and inhibition of binding of LPS to RAW264.7 cell membrane receptors.

AIM: To investigate the significance of signal transducers and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) in proliferation of rat intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (BEC) induced by LPS. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, endotoxemia (LPS) group and rapamycin (RPM) group. Plasma LPS was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after injury. IL-6 secretion in liver homogenate was determined by ELISA. P-STAT3 expression in BEC was analyzed by laser scan confocal microscopy. Proliferation of BEC was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Plasm LPS level was maximum at 6 h [(318?115) EU/L] after injury and descended closely to control level at 48 h [(29?11) EU/L]. IL-6 expression peaked at 12 h (653.4 ng/g?168.8 ng/g protein) and closed to control level at 72 h (0.013 ng/g?0.006 ng/g protein). In LPS group, significant direct correlation between p-STAT3 expression in BEC and IL-6 level in liver homogenate was found. BEC proliferation was induced by LPS at 12 h (5.2?0.5) and reached the maximum level at 24 h, which was higher than the control level even at 72 h, while RPM abrogated STAT3 activation and BEC proliferation induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: LPS induces liver IL-6 expression, which might activate BEC proliferation through STAT3 pathway.

Objective To study the acromial angle morphologic type and measurement analysis based on CT 3D reconstruction. Methods Totally 278 cases of adult CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the shoulder morphological data were collected, and the measurement data of the different types was analyzed, its statistical significance was clarified, and the morphological characteristics to division the type of acromial angle were summarized, its diagnosis and treatment under the acromion impingement of guiding significance were discussed. Results The acromial angle was divided into three types (C shaped acromial angle, L shaped acromial angle, and double angle shaped acromial angle). Among them, L type was the most, accounting for 48. 56%, followed by C type, and double angle type was the least. In comparison of the breadth of the acromion and the length of the acromion, L type was significantly longer than C type (P<0. 05). The thickness of acromion at a point of the double angle shaped acromial angle was greater than that of the other two type (P<0. 05). In the comparison of ∠a, the double-angle type was greater than the C type（P＜0.05）, and the C type was greater than the L type（P＜0.05）. Conclusion There are significant differences in the classification and anatomical parameters of acromial angle, and the differences are statistically significant. It has certain guiding significance to the etiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome.