How to perform the scientific research and training in domestic hospital pharmacy is proposed in present paper. The proposal is in connection with the present stutus of domestic hospital pharmacy and for promoting its development. The significance of scientific research and training is described with emphasizing the points of attention. The general procedure of scientific research and writing of research papers are discussed. The problems that should be deliberated in the field of pharmaceutics, clinical pharmacy and drug therapeutics are more thoroughly enumerated in this paper. On the epuipment of hospital pharmacy, the elopment in mechanization and automation is emphasized. Thus, a good working condition can be established to help specialized construction and to promote the raising of scientific and technical levels.

This paper evaluates the relation between development of hospital pharmacy and modern techenical advance and presents the law of development of hospital pharmacy. We suggest that the available achievements in scientific research should be ac tively utilized so as to bring about a further advance in hospital pharmacy.

AIM: To establish equal proportion twice mixing method and make the mixing rationalized. METHODS: Advance basic configuration about the mixing method was brought forward and then studied on the mixing method by means of mathematics illation and experiment validated. RESULTS: The mixing method has been established and proved effective by experiment. CONCLUSION: The mixing method is a special mixing way that is reasonable and economy that can be used in industrial scale.

For observation on clinical therapeutic effect of modified Wei Er Fang on gastric precanceraus lesion (GPL), 90 cases of GPL were divided into 3 groups, the treatment group treated with modified Wei Er Fang, the control group I treated with Wei Fu Chuan and the control group I with Bismuth subcitrate, 30 cases each group. Results indicated that the total effective rate for clinical symptoms was 96. 67% in the treatment group which was significant different from 60. 00% in the control group I (P 0. 05), but the therapeutic effect on heterotypic proliferation in the treatment group was superior to those in the two control groups. It is showed that modified Wei Er Fang has a better action of reversing gastric precancerous lesion.

Objective To investigate clinical results of bilateral triceps bradhii approach in Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fracture of humerus in children by comparing with reduction interne and plaster immobilization. Methods 102 children with Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fracture of humerus,4 ～ 13 years old,from May 2003 to May 2009,were randomly divided into operation group and control group,51 cases separately. The operation group was treated by bilateral triceps bradhii approach, while control group was treated by reduction interne and plaster immobilization. All patients were made function exercise 4 weeks later,X-ray check periodically and followed up about 16 months with angle patronner and elbow joint function recorded. According to Flynn clinical function criteria,all patients were classified and analyzed. Results After follow-up and elbow joint function evaluation,48 cases ( 94. 1% ) show excellent and good results,3 cases(5.9% ) fair and poor in operation group,32 cases(62. 7% ) and 19 cases(37. 3% ) in control group. The differences between two groups was statistically singnificant ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Comparing with reduction interne and plaster immobilization, bilateral triceps bradhii approach in Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fracture of humerus in children has good clinical results and may be more effective therapy.

To meet community demands with optimal Chinese and conventional medical treatment, the University of Hong Kong is promoting integrative medicine by developing Chinese medicine programmes that train students of both Western and Chinese medicine. The programmes emphasize multi-disciplinary training and interaction between the two therapeutic approaches, enabling students to establish reliable, consistent, and respectful mutual cooperation in their future careers.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine and small dose of ketamine on the hyperalgesia and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 240-270 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =9 each):sham operation group (group S),spinal nerve injury (SNI) group,ketamine group (group K),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and dexmedetomidine + ketamine group (group K+ D).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 400 mg/kg.SNI was produced by exposing the sciatic nerve and its branches and ligation and transection of tibial nerve and common fibular nerve in groups SNI,K,D and K + D.In S group,the sciatic nerves and its branches were only exposed but not ligated.In groups D,K and K + D,dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg (2 ml),ketamine 10 mg/kg (2 ml) and mixture of dexmedetomidine 20μg/kg + ketamine 5 mg/kg (2 ml) were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,once a day for 21 consecutive days starting from 24 h after successful SNI surgery.While the equal volume of normal saline 2 ml was injected instead in S and SNI groups.The paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (PWT) was measured at 1 day before surgery,and 3,7,14 and 21 days after surgery.Three rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at 1 day before surgery,and 7 and 21 days after surgery and the lumbar segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were removed for determination of BDNF mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn by real time PCR.Results Compared with group S,the PWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of BDNF mRNA in spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated after surgery in groups SNI,K,D and K + D (P ＜ 0.05).The PWT was significantly higher,and the expression of BDNF mRNA in spinal dorsal horn was lower after surgery in groups K,D and K + D than in group SNI,and in group K + D than in groups K and D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of dexmedetomidine and small dose of ketamine produces a synergistic antinociception in rats with neuropathic pain,and direct or indirect inhibition of BDNF mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the underlying mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect of hemodialysis(HD) on the endothelial cells of the patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD). Methods The study population consisted of 30 patients with undergoing first hemodialysis treatment and 20 healthy individuals from March to November of 2003.The number of circulating endothelial cells(CEC) and the concentration of von Willebrand factor(vWF) were measured in HD patients at predialysis,1h during HD,2h during HD,and the end of HD.CEC and vWF were observed in healthy subjects. Results CEC and vWF were increased in HD patients compared with healthy individuals,and elevated continuously during HD.Increased CEC and vWF were correlated significantly with duration of HD. Conclusion Endothelial cell dysfunction exists in the patients with ESRD.HD procedures may cause endothelial cell damage.

Objective To explore the role and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)in peritubular angiogenesis of diabetic kidney.Methods diabetic rats were induced by Streptozotocin.The expressions of VEGF and Ang-2 in renal tissue of rats were detected by immunohisochemistry.VEGF and Ang-2 mRNA in kidney was also detected by RT-PCR,and quantified by computerimage analysis.Results From 2-week to 24-week,VEGF mRNA level in diabetic renal upregulated continuously compared with control group,with peak level at 16 and 20 weeks.VEGF immunostaining in diabetic renal tubuli increased apparently compared with control group.Ang-2 mRNA in diabetic renal was only detected at 16 and 20 weeks.Ang-2-expressing peritubular microvessel in diabetic renal cortex was found by immunohistochemistry from 12 -week to 24-week with peak level at 16 week.No detecable Ang-2 mRNA and immunostaining were found in control renal.The changes correlated VEGF with Ang-2 in diabetic renal after 12 weeks.Conclusion There are the formation of Ang-2-staining peritubular microvessels in diabetic renal cortex in middle and later stages.VEGF and Ang-2 take part in angiogenesis in diabetic renal.

In order to explore the mechanism of cardiac damage by PTH, the release of PGI2 from heart cells was measured. The results showed that bPTH ( 1-34) increased the release of 6-keto-PGFla from heart cells in a dose dependent manner. Calcium inophone A23187 also increased the 6-keto-PGF1? release, while EDTA and verapamil reduced it. These suggest that the PGI2 synthesis in heart cells was affected by intra and extracellular calcium. The significance of bPTH( 1-34) induced increase of PGI2 synthesis might be associated with interference of energy metabolism, and then, cell damage.