Objective To study the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the quantity of bowel gas using plain abdominal radiographs. Methods Plain abdominal radiograph were digitized and transmitted to a computer in 48 IBS patients and 25 normal controls. The quantity of bowel gas, determined as the pixel value on images and standardized by physique, was defined as the gas volume score (GVS). The ?2s of GVS in the control group was used as the normal score. The relationship between GVS and subtype of IBS was analyzed. Results The mean GVS of normal control was 0.055?0.012, and coefficient of variation was 21.8%, and all subjects were in normal score. The mean GVS was 0.076?0.027 for the constipation type IBS, significantly higher than that for control ( t =3.599, P 0.05) and the control in the mean GVS. However, the coefficient of variation in the diarrhea type IBS was as high as 66.7%, and low score was seen in 42.9% of patients and high score in 14.3%.Conclusions There is a significant subtype related change of bowel gas volume in IBS patients. The bowel gas is increased in the constipation type, and decreased markedly in the diarrhea type.

Objective To observe the application value and therapeutic efficacy of wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system (Retcam Ⅲ) fundus fluorescein angiograms (FFA) assisted photocoagulation on familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).Methods The study included 46 eyes of 34 patients with staging 2 FEVR.All patients received color fundus photography and FFA under general anesthesia.The blood vessel reliability of color fundus photography and FFA was comparatively determined.Binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser photocoagulation was applied to peripheral retina with abnormal leakage as indicated by FFA,the wavelength was 532nm,the duration was 0.25 s and the energy was 200-280 mW.After laser photocoagulation,fundus imaging and FFA was repeated.Further laser photocoagulation was immediately added to areas with vessel leakage but missing the photocoagulation.After treatment,the mean follow-up duration was 14.4 months.The follow up focused on neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction and merging of photocoagulation spots within 3 months,and on fibrosis membrane resulting in macular traction,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.Results It was hard to identify the blood vessels based on the color fundus images and some avascular zone maybe missed.Neovascularization can't be determined by shape of the blood vessels.On the other hand,those new blood vessels can be easily recognized by FFA as leakage sites at the boundary of avascular zone.The surgeon could quickly and accurately locate the FEVR area guided by the color fundus images and FFA from same angle under binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.During the treatment,there was no retinal FEVR area missed laser photocoagulation for all patients.There was no neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction within 3 months,and no fibrosis membrane,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.There were no ocular and systemic complications during and after the FFA and laser photocoagulation.Conclusion Wide-field Retcam Ⅲ FFA can help retinal specialists to identify abnormal neovascularization,locate the lesion area,and thus increase the success rate of laser photocoagulation,reduce the ocular and systemic complications for FEVR.

By taking the 《Inorganic Chemistry》of the national standard textbook for the pharmaceutical speciality as a chief source (chief editonHou Xinchu), adopting the softwares of powerpoint, ISIS/ Draw, formula edit tool...etc., and combining the download from the internet, video and refering to the related coursewares in other colleges ...etc., we have and manufactured the multimedia courseware of 《Inorganic Chemistry 》,composed perfectly of various means such as writing, picture, showbiz, animation, voice...etc. This courseware has already been applied in 2001 class,2002 class of the pharmaceutical specialty in our college and has achieved a good result.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Apolipoproteins B ; blood ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Poisoning ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

To test the hypothesis that exogenous purified angiotensin II (ANG) might cause apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and acute lung injury, male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with purified ANG (10 mumol/L), ANG plus the caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk (60 mumol/L), ANG plus the ANG receptor AT1 antagonist losartan (LOS, 100 mumol/L) or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) vehicle alone. Six or 20 h later, the lungs were lavaged in situ for determination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid content of hemoglobin (Hb) and fluorescent (BODIPY)-albumin, a bolus of which was injected intravenously 15 min prior to BAL. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) revealed that instillation of ANG, but not PBS alone, increased labeling of fragmented DNA in bronchiolar epithelial cells and in AECs (P<0.05) at 6 h post-ANG. Increased TUNEL was abrogated by concurrent instillation of ZVAD-fmk or LOS. Significant increased numbers of caspase-positive cells were observed by anti-caspase 3 immunolabeling after instillation of ANG (P<0.01); the same doses of LOS or ZVAD-fmk that blocked TUNEL also blocked the activation of caspase 3 (P<0.01). Intratracheal instillation of ANG also remarkably increased BAL BODIPY-albumin (P< 0.01) and Hb (P<0.05), both of which were eliminated by ZVAD-fmk or LOS. These data indicate that exposure of AECs to ANG in vivo is sufficient to induce apoptosis and alveolar epithelial barrier injury mediated by ANG receptor AT1.
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II ; adverse effects ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism

The complete picture regarding transmission modes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. This review summarises the available evidence on its transmission modes, our preliminary research findings and implications for infection control policy, and outlines future research directions. Environmental contamination has been reported in hospital settings occupied by infected patients, and is higher in the first week of illness. Transmission via environmental surfaces or fomites is likely, but decontamination protocols are effective in minimising this risk. The extent of airborne transmission is also unclear. While several studies have detected SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid in air samples, none has isolated viable virus in culture. Transmission likely lies on a spectrum between droplet and airborne transmission, depending on the patient, disease and environmental factors. Singapore's current personal protective equipment and isolation protocols are sufficient to manage this risk.
COVID-19 ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods* ; Personal Protective Equipment ; SARS-CoV-2