Nowadays the antravention between clinical practice and protecting rights of patients' intimacy becomes more and more intense.Face to this stuation,the authors take a investigotion about 365 clinical interns in order to find out solutions.

Objective To research the mechanism of treating cyclomastopathy with Runingshuang by measuring the blood rheology and mammary microcirculation. Methods 70 female Wistar rats of SPF were randomly divided into seven groups:the blank control group, the pathologic model group, the comparative group of tamoxifen ointment, the comparative group of Sanjierupi Glue, three remedial groups with large, middle and small dosage of Runingshuang. Pathologic model of mammary hyperplasia was made by injecting estrogen and progesterone. Except the former two groups, each group was treated with different drugs. The blood rheology and mammary microcirculation were measured after 30 days. Results Compared with the blank control group, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, packed cell volume and the fibrinogen of the pathologic model group increased evidently (P

The residual crown and root has very important physiological significances,but there are many problems in the clinical treatment,such as overtreatment and defensive treatment,etc.This article analyze the background and causes of these problems,and provids some corresponding ways to solve them.

Objective To study the relation between mammary hyperplasia and expression of VEGF,bFGF. Methods After the breast mass undergoing core needle biopsy, the pathological type and expression of VEGF and bFGF were observed in 140 cases of breast mass. Results Of the 140 cases, general ~hyperplasia was found in 92 cases( 65.7%), atypical hyperplasia in 48 cases(34.3%) . The expression of VEGF and bFGF were increased with the increase of pathological degree of breast hyperplasia (P

Pulmonary edema is associated with pancreatic enzymes released into the blood stream during acute pancreatitis.Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats was established by injecting 5%sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct.Before and at the time of induction,SMS201-995 2?g/kg was injected subcutaneously,and followed by 3 h continuous I.V.infusion of NS solution containing SMS201-995 5?g?kg-1?h-1 at a rate of 6ml?kg-1?h-1.The results of this experiment showed that SMS201-995 could:(1) decrease the serum levels of amylase and lipase effectively;(2)reduce lung index and lung extravascular water volume siginficantly;(3)ameliorate the pathologic changs of lung and pancreas evidently.These results also suggested that SMS201-995 could both prevent and treat acute pancreatitis and pulmonary edema induced by it in rats.Therefore,it is theoretically sound that evidence can be proviede by the results obtained in this experiment for the application of SMS201-995,a long acting analogue of somatostatin,to treat clinical acute pancreatitis by its inhibitory effect towards pancreatic exocrine secretion.

Objective To observe the application value and therapeutic efficacy of wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system (Retcam Ⅲ) fundus fluorescein angiograms (FFA) assisted photocoagulation on familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).Methods The study included 46 eyes of 34 patients with staging 2 FEVR.All patients received color fundus photography and FFA under general anesthesia.The blood vessel reliability of color fundus photography and FFA was comparatively determined.Binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser photocoagulation was applied to peripheral retina with abnormal leakage as indicated by FFA,the wavelength was 532nm,the duration was 0.25 s and the energy was 200-280 mW.After laser photocoagulation,fundus imaging and FFA was repeated.Further laser photocoagulation was immediately added to areas with vessel leakage but missing the photocoagulation.After treatment,the mean follow-up duration was 14.4 months.The follow up focused on neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction and merging of photocoagulation spots within 3 months,and on fibrosis membrane resulting in macular traction,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.Results It was hard to identify the blood vessels based on the color fundus images and some avascular zone maybe missed.Neovascularization can't be determined by shape of the blood vessels.On the other hand,those new blood vessels can be easily recognized by FFA as leakage sites at the boundary of avascular zone.The surgeon could quickly and accurately locate the FEVR area guided by the color fundus images and FFA from same angle under binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.During the treatment,there was no retinal FEVR area missed laser photocoagulation for all patients.There was no neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction within 3 months,and no fibrosis membrane,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.There were no ocular and systemic complications during and after the FFA and laser photocoagulation.Conclusion Wide-field Retcam Ⅲ FFA can help retinal specialists to identify abnormal neovascularization,locate the lesion area,and thus increase the success rate of laser photocoagulation,reduce the ocular and systemic complications for FEVR.

Objective To explore the technique of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Methods 30 cases of patients with breast cancer who were not suitable for breast conservative surgery were sum-marized. Among them, immediate breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants after mastectomy was used in 16 patients, transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM flap) in 10 patients, and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap in 4 patients. There were 27 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction, while 3 patients underwent delayed breast construction. Results The appearance was good in 16 cases of breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants and no complications were found. Two out of the ten patients who had the transevarse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM flap) breast reconstruction had partly necrosis of skin flap, and one lateral ventral syndrome. The appear-ance of the 7 cases after the TRAM flap breast reconstruction evaluated well, 2 cases moderate, and one case less satisfactory. The appearance of 4 patients who had breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap evaluated well. Conclusion Breast reconstruction is an important part of combined therapy for the breast cancer, especially for the patients who have strong desire to conserve breast, while incompetence for breast conserving surgery. In such a case breast reconstruction is a good choice. Imme-diate breast reconstruction is better than delayed breast construction. The appropriate method of breast reconstruction depends on each individual patient. Patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma can se-lectively choose immediate breast reconstruction.

By taking the 《Inorganic Chemistry》of the national standard textbook for the pharmaceutical speciality as a chief source (chief editonHou Xinchu), adopting the softwares of powerpoint, ISIS/ Draw, formula edit tool...etc., and combining the download from the internet, video and refering to the related coursewares in other colleges ...etc., we have and manufactured the multimedia courseware of 《Inorganic Chemistry 》,composed perfectly of various means such as writing, picture, showbiz, animation, voice...etc. This courseware has already been applied in 2001 class,2002 class of the pharmaceutical specialty in our college and has achieved a good result.

Objective To describe the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in goat and the intensity and tem?poral distribution of eggs excreted by goat feces,so as to provide baseline data for the control and elimination of the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Methods The goat animal models of schistosomiasis were established,and stool sam?ples were collected for parasitological examinations. The number of adult worms recovered,variation of schistosomes in goat at different time points post?infection,number of eggs in schistosomes,variation in number and temporal profiles of eggs excreted from goat feces were observed. Results Of the 6 schistosome?infected goat,415 adult worms were recovered,with a mean adult worm recovery of 34.58%(range,23.00%to 45.50%). Among the 5 goat infected with 200 cercariae each,47,93,77, 74 and 73 adult worms were recovered 2,5,8,11 and 14 months post?infection,respectively. There were(200.00 ± 42.33), (226.20±45.88),(168.20±25.85),(183.80±55.13)and(190.80±53.53)eggs detected in female schistosomes. The mean pre?patent period of eggs excreted by 10 infected goat was(37.7±3.02)d. From 2 to 14 months post?infection,7 batches of goat fe?ces were hatched,and there were 30,23,14,1 and 2 times for miracidium intensity of“++++”,“+++”,“++”,“+”and“-”, respectively,with 42.86%,32.86%,20.00%,1.43%and 2.86%constituent ratios of miracidium intensity. Conclusions Ap?proximately 1/3 S. japonicum cercariae may develop to adults in goats post?infection,and the prepatent period of eggs is(37.7± 3.02)d. There is no remarkable decrease seen in the number of adult worms,eggs in female schistosomes and eggs in goat feces within 14 months post?infection. Our findings suggest a long duration for infected goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ,and there is no evidence to prove the“self?cure”phenomenon in goat,indicating that goat is an important source of infection for schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To determine kinetics of TNF-α and miR-146a (microRNA-146a)expressions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NR8383 alveolar macrophages (AM) at different intervals and their relationships in order to explore regulatory effect and mechanism of miR-146a on alveolar macrophages inflammatory responses.Methods NR8383 alveolar macrophages were seeded in a 6-well plate,and stimulated with 1 μg/ml of LPS for 0 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h separately after 90 min.Cells were harvested and supernatant were collected 0 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h after incubation.The expressions of miR146a and TNF-α mRNA in cells were detected by real-time qPCR and the levels of TNF-α protein in the supematant of cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miR-146a and TNF-α mRNA.Results ①The level of TNF-α protein in the supernatant of cell was significantly increased 3 h after LPS challenge ( 359.80 ±57.54) pg/ml (P ＜0.01 ),and peaked 12 h later (729.22 ±50.40) pg/ml (P＜0.01 ) ; ②the expression of TNF-α mRNA peaked 3 h after LPS challenge (67.48 ±24.52) fold,P ＜0.01 ),and then decreased gradually; ③the expression of miR-146a mRNA increased continuously until 6 h or 12 h after LPS challenge 6 h:(5.33 ±0.81) fold,12 h:(8.21 ±1.19) fold,(P＜0.01),and it showed an upward tendency;④ the expression of miR-146a mRNA was negatively correlated with TNF-α mRNA ( r =-0.895,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The miR-146a mRNA showed a negative correlation with TNF-α mRNA present in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages,suggesting miR-146a mRNA involved in regulating the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages.