To study the effect of glucagon-likepeptide 1(GLP-1)receptor agonist on insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 36 male SD rats were served as the experimental animal and randomly divided into control group, model group, and GLP-1 group. The rats of control group were given routine diet with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, those in model group were given high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while GLP-1 group rats were fed with high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide. After 4 weeks of treatment, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, liver injury and oxidative stress were all assessed. Serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST)levels and total cholesterol, triglyceride contents in liver tissue, and as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)levels of model group were significantly higher than those of control group, complex insulin sensitivity index(ISIcomp)level was significantly lower than that of control group; serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, AST contents and HOMA-IR levels of GLP-1 group were significantly lower than those of model group, ISIcomp level was significantly higher than that of model group; superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase(CAT)contents in liver tissue of model group were significantly lower, while malondialdehyde content and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, NF-E2 related factor-2(Nrf-2), antioxidant response element(ARE), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1), glutathione thiol transferase(GST)mRNA expression were significantly higher than control group; SOD, GSH-Px, CAT contents and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, Nrf-2, ARE, HO-1, NQO-1, GST mRNA expression in the liver tissue of GLP-1 group were significantly higher, while malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of model group. GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces insulin resistance and liver oxidative stress injury in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic liver disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Methods Published articles from the earliest date available to July, 2016 were recalled from PubMed, OVID, Embase, Co-chrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Database. Two reviewers selected independently the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about rT-MS for stroke patients with unilateral spatial neglect, and extracted data independently and analyzed with RevMan 5.3 and GRADE profiler 3.6. Results Twelve trials that represented 353 participants were evaluated. For improving Line Bisection Test, Star Cancellation Test, Albert Test, rTMS groups were significantly more effective than the controls. rTMS groups with different frequencies all showed significantly effec-tive:for low frequency rTMS, SMD=-1.21, 95%CI=-2.17 to-0.25;for high frequency rTMS, SMD=-2.56, 95%CI=-3.54 to-1.58;for continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), SMD=-2.51, 95%CI=-3.66 to-1.36. Conclusion rTMS is effective on unilateral spatial neglec-tin in stroke patients.

Objective To explore the optimal timing of liver transplantation for acute liver failure,and analyze relative risk factors affecting patients' prognosis.Methods We retrospectively analyze perioperative clinical data of 50 patients suffering from acute liver failure who underwent liver transplantation between March 2005 and June 2010 in Organ Transplantation Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Patients were divided into survival group and death group.Clinical data before operation were collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Risk factors influencing the perioperative mortality were selected and were used to direct the operation time.Results There were 50 patients who underwent liver transplantation and 11 cases died during perioperative phase.Five patients died of respiratory infection,three of acute renal failure,one of digestive tract hemorrhage,one of primary allograft failure and one of multiple organ failure.The perioperative,one-year and three-year survival rate were 78％,74％ and 72％ respectively.In the univariate analysis,age,bilirubin level,prothrombin time,creatinine level,grade of encephalopathy and MELD score were found to be significantly different between survival group and death group.The multivariate analysis revealed that age≥65 y,INR ≥3.5,creatinine level ≥ 2.5 mg/dl and MELD score ≥ 40 were independent risk factors affecting survival.Conclusions Liver transplantation is an effective treatment of choice for acute liver failure.Appropriate timing of transplantation helps achieve a high survival rate.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To measure the normal cerebrospinal fluid of the midbrain aqueduct peak velocity of different age groups by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (time‐SLIP) ,and to discuss the flow law of CSF . Methods Forty‐one cases of healthy volunteers ,including 23 cases of male ,18 cases of female ,aged 7 -73 .Patients were divided into 4 groups:7- <15 age group (n=11) ,15- <35 age group (n=10) ,35- <45 age group (n=9) ,≥45 age group (n=11) .We used the application of Toshiba 1 .5 T MRI head coil ,MRI sequence of time‐SLIP marked CSF to calculated the peak velocity of CSF in the midbrain aqueduct and measure the diameter and length of the midbrain aqueduct .Results The peak flow velocity be‐tween the 7- <15 age group and 15 - <35 age group ,35 - <45 age group ,≥45 age group were statistically significant (P<0 .05);inner diameter and length were no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) between age .Conclusion In the midbrain aqueduct ,CSF is two‐way flow and supports the CSF of the pulsatile flow theory ;MRI sequence of time‐SLIP could measure CSF velocity and display the turbulence fluiding .

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of robot-assisted training on lower extremities of patients with stroke. Methods PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Knowledge, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about robot-assisted training for lower extremities of patients with stroke from the date of establishment to March 2013. The bibliographies of the retrieved studies were also searched. 2 independent researchers evaluated the included studies using the risk of bias provided by Cochrane Library. The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 12 trials were discovered.Compared with conventional training, the robot-assisted training increased the score of Fugl-Meyer assessment (lower extremity)(WED=3.97, 95%CI: 2.84~5.10, Z=6.89, P<0.00001) and Berg Balance Scale (WED=3.13, 95%CI: 0.80~5.45, Z=2.63, P=0.008). However,the results of stride frequency (WED=8.40, 95%CI: -0.95~17.75, Z=1.76, P=0.08) and speed (WED=0.03, 95%CI: -0.02~0.07, Z=1.18, P=0.24) were not statistically significant. According to the Jadad Score of included studies, 4 of them were of low quality and 8 of them were of high quality. Conclusion The current evidence shows that to some extent, robot-assisted training could improve the lower extremities function.

This paper primarily discusses such information of microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography a new medical functional imaging method as its principle hardware structure reconstruction algorithm and imaging results in which research and advance of Wang LV's research team are introduced. The application perspective of microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography is also included.

Measuring the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, soluble protein, guanosine, alkaloids, and succinic acid of Pinellia ternata tuber were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, Coomassie brilliant blue method, RP-HPLC, reverse potentiometric titration, acid dye colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that yellow light could promote the growth and development of P. ternata and increase the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, alkaloids, and succinic acid. Under blue light could promote the content of soluble protein and guanosine. Red and yellow light increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, contrastively blue light reduced the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. White film through the most uniform spectrum was most conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a. As single film, blue film, yellow film were more conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a, green film and red film had been relatively beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Bulbil formed the largest number and the biggest propagation coefficient of P. ternata under red light showed that it could increase the production of P. ternata under red light.
Carbohydrate Metabolism ; radiation effects ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Light ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Solubility

AIM To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of ethanol extract of Toddalia asiatica Lamn.and the mechanism.METHODS Both inflammatory rat model induced by carrageenan and pain model induced by formalin were applied to investigating the analgesic effect of extract of Toddalia asiatica Lam.ELISA kit was used to detect the contents of β-EP,5-HT and PGE2 in serum of carrageenan-treated rats,contents of TNF-αand IL-1β in skin tissue of inflammatory rats,and content of LTB4 in serum of formalin-treated rats;immunohistochemical method was used to observe the SP and FOS protein expressions in rat spinal cord.RESULTS The ethanol extract of Toddalia asiatica Lam.could significantly reduce the rate of toe swelling.In the formalin test,the ethanol extract of Toddalia asiatica Lam.reduced not only the total licking time,but also the content of PGE2,especially in the high dose group.And lowered serum 5-HT contents were observed in all the three dose groups,but a much better performance was found in both the high and low dose groups,and the high dose group's capability in increasing serum β-EP content was also noticed.TNF-α and IL-1β contents in skin tissue were reduced in various dose groups.Middle and high dose groups inhibited FOS protein expression.And the content of LTB4 in serum was obviously decreased in the high dose group.CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of ethanol extract of Toddalia asiatica Lam.may associate with its power in increasing β-EP in serum,decreasing PGE2,5-HT,LTB4 contents,reducing TNF-α,IL-1β contents in skin tissue,and lowering SP and FOS protein expressions in spinal cord.