Humans ; Polyomavirus ; classification ; Polyomavirus Infections ; virology

AIM: To study the effects of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration, choroidal blood flow and oxidative stress of RPE cells.METHODS: The 35mg/kg NaIO3-induced RPE degeneration rat eyes was given 25μg 1% TMP eye drops 3 times a day for 7 days before NaIO3 injection, and then 2 to 4 weeks after NaIO3 injection. RPE function was measured with c-wave of electroretinogram (ERG). Colored microsphere technique was used for in vivo experiments to determine the choroidal blood flow in ocular hypertensive (40mmHg) rabbit eyes. Methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to study in vitro effect of TMP on various oxidants induced injury in the hRPE (ARPE-19 (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA)) . RESULTS: Two weeks after NaIO3 injection, the amplitude of ERG c-wave fell markedly in NaIO3 group to 36% of control group (P<0.01). No apparent difference was observed in TMP+NaIO3 group. Four weeks later, the NaIO3 group fell to 46% of control group (P<0.01), while the TMP+NaIO3 group fell to only 77% of control group (P<0.01). There was a 67% reversal of the ERG c-wave by TMP as compared to NaIO3 group (P<0.01). The choroidal blood flow was significantly increased at all time points (at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after TMP instillation) as compared with corresponding controls. TMP had no effect on hypoxia-(1%O2), t-BHP- and H2O2-induced damage in RPE cells. 10μg/mL TMP could reverse 1 and 3mmol/L NaN3-induced loss of viability of RPE by 18.5% (P<0.01) and 23% (P<0.01), respectively. 30μg/mL TMP could reverse 30 and 100mmol/L NaIO3 induced loss of viability of RPE by 18.1% (P<0.05) and 16.8% (P<0.01), respectively.CONCLUSION: TMP can significantly protect RPE from NaIO3 induced degeneration in vivo and oxidative stress in vitro and can increase choroidal blood flow markedly in vivo .

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects and dose of Topiramate(TPM)in children with Tourette syndrome(TS).Me-thods Seventy-nine children with TS were given oral TPM,which were treated with Topiramate [0.5-3.0 mg/(kg?d),twice a day].The therapeutic effects were assessed using Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)before and 3 months after treatment and the side-effects of the drugs were observed.Results The differences of YGTSS scores before and after treatment,motertic score(19.63?3.09 vs 5.05?1.74),vocaltic score[(18.95?2.56)vs(4.82?1.94)],global scole score[(24.21?5.89)vs(10.42?3.69)],severity score[(62.21?5.81)vs(22.26?4.81)],there were significant differences of every score of YGTSS between before and after treatment(Pa

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab (BEV) plus chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

METHODSSeventy-seven mCRC patients received BEV plus 5-Fu type, oxaliplatin or irinotecan-based chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy and bevacizumab-related adverse reactions were observed. The efficacy assessment was conducted after at least 2 cycles of BEV therapy. The adverse reactions were recorded in each therapy cycle. Among the 77 cases, 64 patients had finished the efficacy assessment. The adverse reactions in all patients were assessed.

RESULTSThe overall response rate (ORR) of BEV plus chemotherapy regimen was 18.75% (12/64), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 75.0% (48/64). In 27 patients who received the regimen as first-line treatment, the ORR reached 37.0% (10/27), while the DCR was 85.2%. Four patients with potentially resectable lesions became resectable after the regimen and received R0 resection of the liver metastases successfully. Twenty-five patients who received the regimen as second line therapy had poor result with ORR 8.0% and DCR 76.0%. Hypertension was observed in 12 cases, with 8 cases of grade 1, 3 cases of grade 2, 1 case of grade 3. Various bleedings occurred in 24/77 cases (31.2%), all were of grade 1-2, including 17 cases of epistaxis, grade 1 hemorrhoid bleeding in one case, hematuria in 3 case (2 of grade 1, 1 of grade 2), GI bleeding in 2 cases, hemoptysis in 1 case (grade 2), and proteinuria in 4 cases (grade 1). Intestinal perforation occurred in 1 case (0.3%). In two patients who had incomplete intestinal obstruction history appeared exacerbated intestinal obstruction symptoms after the application of BEV plus CPT11 regimen.

CONCLUSIONSBEV plus chemotherapy regimen as first-line treatment can improve the ORR and DCR of mCRC patients. When it was used as second- or later-line therapy, it may display satisfied DCR, although with a poor efficacy. The bevacizumab-related toxicity is mild and can be well tolerated.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Camptothecin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Colonic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Deoxycytidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; Leucovorin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Proteinuria ; chemically induced ; Rectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Remission Induction ; Young Adult

Atrioventricular Block ; etiology ; Cardiac Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; therapy ; Hematologic Diseases ; etiology ; Hemolysis ; Humans

Acetaminophen ; adverse effects ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Liver Failure, Acute ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Western World

Objective To understand and master the infection status of key parasitic diseases in Baise City from 2006 to 2015, so as to provide evidence for the development and adjustment of the control strategy for parasitic diseases. Methods The relevant information of the final evaluation of the key parasitic diseases in 12 counties (cities and districts) of Baise City from 2006 to 2015 was collected, and analyzed. Results During the period of 2006-2015, a total of 20 654 person-times were investigated for parasitic diseases in Baise City and 1 147 persons were infected, with an average infection rate of 5.55%. In 2006, the infection rate was the highest (28.67%, 362/1 254), while the lowest was in 2013 (2.08%, 44/2 113). The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was the highest, and the infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was the second. The infection rates of the males and females were 5.35% (631/11 795) and 5.82% (516/8 859) respectively, with no significant difference between them (χ² = 2.175, P > 0.05). The highest infection rate existed in the 40-49 years group, the rural residents, the farmers and the crowd with the educational level of senior high middle school or above. Conclusions The infection rate of parasitic diseases presents a decline trend overall in Baise City from 2006 to 2013, however it rebounded in 2014 and 2015. The next step is to strengthen the prevention and control of parasitic diseases by promoting health education, regular insect repellent, and fecundity management.

OBJECTIVETo detect the differentially expressed genes in human polycystic kidney by cDNA microarray.

METHODSThe PCR products of 8398 genes were spotted onto a chip in array. Both mRNAs isolated from polycystic kidney tissue and normal kidney tissue were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent dUTP (Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP) for preparing the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray. Then the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and the display of differences between the 2 tissues. IGF1 mRNA, one of the up regulated genes was detected by in situ hybridization technique in the two tissues to validate the result from cDNA microarray.

RESULTSThe result indicated that the expressions of 263 genes were up regulated while the expressions of 94 genes were down regulated in the polycystic kidney tissue among the 8398 target genes. Bioinformatical analysis of those genes had been performed. The up-regulated genes were mainly the ones of oncogene, cellular skeleton and movement, apoptosis related protein, cell signal transduction protein, and cytokine. The down regulated genes were mainly the ones of anti-oncogene, DNA binding and transcription factors, cell signal transduction protein, and metabolism protein. The IGF1 mRNA expression detected by in situ hybridization was consequently consistent with the cDNA microarray.

CONCLUSIONcDNA microarray is an effective and quick method for studying differential expressed genes. Three hundred and fifty-seven differentially expressed genes with different functions were revealed in the polycystic kidney tissue, which may play some roles in the progression of polycystic kidney.

Carbocyanines ; chemistry ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalent characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Kunming area in 2010.

METHODSThe clinical data of 13286 outpatient and inpatient children with HFMD in Kunming Children's Hospital between January and December, 2010, including 8 death cases, 715 serious cases and 12563 non-serious cases, were retrospectively studied.

RESULTSHuman enterovirus was detected in 8200 children (61.72%). Children infected with EV71 and CoxA16 accounted for 29.49% (2418/8200) and 53.21% (4363/8200), respectively. Seventy-five children (0.91%) were found to have a mixed infection of the two viruses. Other types of human enterovirus were detected in 1344 children (16.39%). There were significant differences in the total positive rate of human enterovirus in the four quarters of the year (P<0.01). The total positive rate in the second quarter represented the highest proportion (71.56%), and the number of patients was also highest, accounting for 52.94% of the total number of patients in the whole year. EV71 infection was common in the serious case group while CoxA16 was found to be the main pathogen in the non-serious case group. Serious cases were common in children under three years old. In the positive EV71 cases, the viral load of EV71 was not statistically different between the death cases, serious and non-serious cases.

CONCLUSIONSIn 2010, children with HFMD in the Kunming area were mainly infected with CoxA16. Serious cases of HFMD were more common in those who were infected with EV71, and the majority of serious infections were suffered by children who were less than three years old. The viral load was not associated with disease severity. The highest morbidity rate was in the second quarter of the year.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Time Factors

AIMTo investigate the effects of mild and moderate hypoxia on human cognitive performance.

METHODSEighteen healthy young male volunteers performed a set of tests of human ergonomics at sea level (300 m in Xi'an) and simulated high altitude of 2 800 m, 3 600 m and 4 400 m for 1 h in hypobaric chamber, respectively.

RESULTSThe performance of continuous recognition memory tests compared with the controls' was deteriorated significantly (P < 0.01) after exposure to 2 800 m for 1 h. After exposure to 3 600 m for 1 h, in all test, the reaction time was much longer, the accurate rates were lower and the performance was worse than that of control (P < 0.05). All the parameters were deteriorated with the increment of altitude and the performance of all tests were much worse at 4 300 m for 1 h (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDifferent parameters of human cognitive performance may have different susceptible thresholds to hypoxia according to the results from our studies. The cognitive performance after exposure to 3 600 m for 1 h was not sufficiently effective for the demands of human ergonomics due to its significant deteriorating changes. However, the performance can be effectively restored after exposure to enough oxygen supply for 1 h.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Cognition ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; psychology ; Male ; Reaction Time ; Young Adult