Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) obviously impair the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly men. Current management of BPH includes wait-and-watch, medical therapy, and conventional surgery. As a new approach, minimally invasive surgery has been playing an increasingly important role in the management of BPH, with potential advantages of less operative trauma, quicker recovery, lower risk of postoperative complications and higher quality of life. This review mainly discusses prostatic urethral lift (Urolift® System), transurethral water vapor therapy (Rezūm® System) and robot-guided high-energy water ablation (PROCEPT Aquablation™ System).
Aged ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effect of recruitment maneuver(RM) on surfactant proteins in young piglets with acute lung injury and the possible mechanisms of lung recruitment after RM.Methods The piglet model of ALI was established by lipopolysaccharide intravenous injection,12 male piglets were randomly divided into two groups:conventional ventilation group(control group) and RM with low tidal volume group(RM group).After 8 hours of ventilation,mRNA expression of surfactant protein-A(SP-A),SP-B,SP-C,SP-D in the piglet lungs were determined by real time PCR and SP-A protein distribution was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Biochemical analyses of TP,total phospholipids(TPL),DSPC were conducted as well.SP-A levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and plasma were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results As compared with control group,RM group had higher expression of SP-A,SP-B,SP-C and SP-D.SP-A average gray values of control group and RM group were 97.8±6.4 and 106.3±8.5,and there was significant difference(P＜0.01).RM group showed significant increase of TPL,DSPC and DSPC/TP.The concentration of SP-A in BALF was higher in RM group than that of the control group,however,SP-A plasma level was lower in RM group than that of the control group.Conclusion RM can increase suffactant protein expression in ALI animals,alleviate surfactant protein dysfunction and regulate the concentration of SP-A,which may improve alveolar recruitment following the RM and alleviate ventilator-induced lung injury.

Objective To study the effects of MACC1 down-regulation on the growth of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Methods siRNA (MACC1-siRNA1 and MACC1-siRNA2) that can transiently silenced MACC1 was designed, syn?thesized and transfected into MGC-803 cells by lipofectamine 2000. Non-specific siRNA was transfected to be used as nega?tive control. The efficiency of MACC1 depletion was determined by Real-time quantitative PCR. MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assay were performed to examine cell proliferation. The expressions of MACC1, P21,CDK4, CCND1 and c-myc were determined by Western blot. Results Compared with cells in negative control group, transiently silencing MACC1 decreased the expression of MACC1 in MGC-803 cells shown by Real-time PCR. MACC1 downregulation drastical?ly changed the proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle of gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro ( P<0.05). The expres?sions of MACC1 , CDK4, CCND1 and c-myc proteins in cells of MACC1 silence group were much lower while P21 expres?sion level was much higher than those in negative control. Conclusion Down-regulation of MACC1 result in blocking cell cycle, inhibiting proliferation of MGC-803 cells. So it may serve as a promising target in the treatment of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection occurred in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy and therefore provide the information in rational administration of antibiotics to pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy complicated with nosocomial infection.METHODS Flora cultivation and isolation were operated with the routine methods and drug-sensitivity was determined by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Totally 116 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,in which included 78 strains of G-bacteria and 38 strains of G+ bacteria.Fungi were also very common.In this study,both G-and G+ bacteria were resistant to antimicrobial agents tested.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial spectrum and their drug-resistance characteristics in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy are quite different to that encountered in pediatric patients with other systemic diseases.Most strains present high resistance to antibiotics,so our administration of antibiotics for nosocomial infections should be directed and carry out according to the susceptibility tests in different area and different periods.

Tumor cell plasticity, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse program, mesenchymal to epithe-lial transition (MET), regulates circulating tumor cells and carcinoma metastasis. Twist is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and other tumors. Twist, as a transcriptional factor, cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways, forming a com-plex network to participate in the regulation of EMT/MET in circulating tumor cells, which in turn promotes metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, monitoring the level of Twist and epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypic molecules is important as it may be beneficial for in-creasing the detection ratio of circulating tumor cells as tumor biomarkers and for evaluating the effects of anticancer drugs.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of patients with splenic abscess.Method The clinical data,including baseline clinical data,clinical features,past history,pathogen culture result,treatment and the prognosis were retrospectively analyzed in the patients with the discharge diagnosis splenic abscess from January 1991 to March 2012 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Results The media time from onset to Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the 19 patients were 29 days.Among them,9 patients were cured,8 were improved and 2 died.Risk factors,such as tumor burden,diabetes,and using immunosuppressive agents etc,can be found in most patients with splenic abscess.All the 19 patients had splenic image changes and non-specific clinical features.The most common three clinical symptoms were fever(18 cases),chills (12 cases) and shivering (11 cases).The most common three signs were abdominal tenderness (9 cases),left upper quadrant sensitive to percussion (7 cases) and splenomegaly (4 cases).The most common etiological culture results were gram negative bacilli (9 cases),gram positive coccus (8 cases),and fungi (4 cases).Conclusions Clinical features are non-specific in splenic abscess patients.Related exam such as ultrasound should be performed on patients with splenic abscess risk factors to avoid misdiagnosis.Empiric antibiotic administration should begin right after the diagnosis based on the image.Pathogen culture should be timely conducted after pus collection.Individual therapeutical protocol should be chosen according to patient's condition.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence following liver transplantation has been difficultly treated, and antiviral therapy following HBV recurrence has been less reported yet.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antiviral therapy using Adefovir + Lamivudine + anti-hepatis B immunoglobulin on liver functional improvement following liver transplantation.METHODS: A total of 208 cases with hepatitis B-related end-stage liver disease following liver transplantation were selected from Liver Transplantation Center of Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 2005 to October 2008. All patients were treated with Lamivudine + anti-hepatis B immunoglobulin so as to prevent from HBV recurrence. At 6-43 months after following up, HBV recurrence was found in 19 cases, including 13 with positive HBeAg and 8 with YMDD mutation. The 19 patients were treated with Adefovir based on the application of Lamivudine + anti-hepatis B immunoglobulin.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12, 24, and 48 weeks after treatment, DNA and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase of 19 cases were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). After 48-week treatment, recovery rate of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, negativity rate of HBeAg, and negativity rate of HBV DNA were 84.1 %, 76.92%, and 78.9%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the application of Adefovir + Lamivudine + anti-hepatis B immunoglobulin effectively inhibited viral replication and prevented HBV recurrence following liver transplantation.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Computer Systems ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that food allergy in infants may be associated with variation in their intestinal microflora. The formation of intestinal microflora in healthy infants and changes in food allergic infants were detected.Methods 16S rRNA gene sequences specific for bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and escherichia coli in fecal were quantitatively detected by real-time PCR. The three fecal floras were assessed in 71 healthy infants and 100 infants with food allergy. Results After birth,there were bifidobacteria colonized in infantile intestine,then the number increased rapidly up to 5 times at the sixth month, which was always the preponderant flora. Lactobacilli was also presented in infantile intestine 1 month after birth and augment gradually. The number of Escherichia coli was less than bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and appeared to decline during the early infants. The number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the infants with food allergy were markedly less than that in the healthy infants, but escherichia coli was significantly more than that in the healthy infants.Conclusions During the first year of life,the intestinal microflora in infants is in a developing process. Compared with the healthy infants,bifidobacteria and lactobacilli decrease, but escherichia coli increase in the food allergic infants.These results indicate that the probiotics may be benefit to the prevention and treatment of food allergy.

Objective This article was designed to observe the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on glucose and lipid metabolism, and on expressions of proxisome proliferator activated receptors-α (PPAR-α) and its downstream genes in diabetic hamsters cardiomyopathy. Methods Forty-five hamsters were divided into 3 groups randomly: normal control group (15 normal hamsters), diabetic control group [15 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic hamsters], and astragalus polysaccharides (APS)-therapy group (15 STZ-induced diabetic hamsters administered with APS 2 g/kg per day orally for 10 weeks). The levels of insulin, C-peptide, myocardial enzymes, glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and lipoprotein of all hamsters were measured. The ultrastructure of myocardium was studied, and the gene and protein expressions of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS were also detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results It was shown that Compared with DM group, the levels of GSP, myocardial enzymes and lipoprotein of hamsters in APS-therapy group were lower, the myocardial ultrastructure of hamsters in APS-therapy group was well-protected, and the gene and protein expression of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS of hamsters in APS-therapy group were higher. Conclusions APS is partly effective in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.