Objective To determine the effect of of thoracic epidural block on arterial oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation(OLV).Methods Twenty-four ASA class I - Ⅱ patients undergoing prolonged periods of OLV during elective general thoracic surgery were divided into two groups: general anesthesia group(GA)(n=12) and general anesthesia + epidural block group(GE, n = 12). The patients were premedicated with only scopolamine 0.3mg. Radial artery was cannulated and Swan-Ganz catheter placed via right internal jugular vein under local anesthesia. Epidural block was performed at T7-8or T8-9 and a catheter was inserted and advanced in the epidural space cranially for 3.5-4 cm. General anesthesia was induced with propofol l.5mg?kg-1, fentanyl 3?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1. Right or left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube was placed blindly and the correct position was determined by a combination of unilateral clamping and unclamping and auscultation of the lungs. In GA group anesthesia was maintained with continuous infusion of propofol (150-200 ?g?kg-1?min-1 ) and intermittent IV boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. BIS was maintained at 45-50. In GE group anesthesia was maintained with infusion of propofol(80 - 120 ?g?kg-1?min-1 ) and epidural block (a loading dose of 0.5% ropivacaine 7-9ml followed by epidural infusion of 0.5% ropivacaine 3-5 ml?h-1) .The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT = 8-10 ml?kg-1, FiO2 = 1, I: R = 1:1.5 and respiratory rate was adjusted to maintain PET CO2 at 35-45 mm Hg. During OLV the above parameters were maintained. ECG, HR, MAP, MPAP, CVP, continuous cardiac output, BIS and TOP were continuously monitored during operation. Blood samples were taken from radial artery and S-G catheter for blood gas analysis at following intervals: (1) during spontaneous breathing when the patients was a wake (baseline); (2) when the patient was placed in lateral position and the two lungs were being ventilated for 30 min(TLV 30 I) ; (3) 5,15, 30 and 60 minduring the course of OLV; (4) the two lungs were ventilated again for 30 min (TLV 30II) andQs/Qt was calculated. Results Venous admixture increased significantly after induction of anesthesia and during mechanical ventilation and increased further during OLV as compared with the baseline(P

Objective To investigate the potential sedative effects of epidural anesthesia and its mechanism. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients aged 20-55yr, scheduled for gynecological surgery were studied. Patients whose body weight exceeded 95 kg or was less than 45kg were excluded. Alcoholics and those addicted to sedative or opiates were also excluded. The patients were unpremedicated. Before anesthesia the patients' radial artery was cannulated for continuous BP monitoring and blood sampling. ECG, BIS and HRV were continuously monitored. Epidural puncture was performed at L1-2 . A catheter was inserted in epidural space for 3-4cm in a cephalad direction. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: epidural lidocaine group (group E, n = 15); intravenous lidocaine group (group Ⅰ , n = 15) and control group (group C, n =20). In group E the patients received an iv bolus of lidocaine 1.5mg?kg-1 followed by a lidocaine infusion at a rate of 30mg?kg-1?min-1 and an epidural bolus of normal saline 15 ml; in group C the patients received an epidural bolus of NS 15 ml only. The intravenous lidocaine infusion in group I was designed to mimic systemic absorption of lidocaine from epidural space. 20 min after epidural lidocaine or saline administration, a propofol infusion was started at a rate of 150ml/h until the patients lost consciousness, The amount of propofol infused was recorded. Blood samples were taken before propofol infusion for determination of plasma level of lidocaine. Results The amount of propofol infused when the patients lost consciousness was (1.22 ?0.25) mg?kg-1 in group E, (1.62 ?0.22) mg?kg-1 in group I and (1.85?0.41) mg?kg-1 in control group. The amount of propofol infused in group E was significantly less than that n group I and C ( P

Objective To compare the effects of isoflurane and propofol on arterial oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) when combined with continuous thoracic epidural block. Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients with normal ventilatory function undergoing elective thoracic surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients with abnormal cardiac, liver or kidney function were excluded. The patients were premedicated with scopolamine 0. 3mg I. M. .Epidural block was performed at T7-8 or T8-9 . An epidural catheter was placed and its position confirmed by epidural 1% lidocaine 5 ml. General anesthesia was induced with propofol l.5mg?kg-1, fentanyl 3?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.lmg?kg-1 . Double-lumen catheter was inserted and its correct position was confirmed by a combination of unilateral lung ventilation and auscultation in both supine and lateral position. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Tidal volume was set at 8-10 ml?kg-1, FiO2 = 1, I:E=1:1.5, RR=10-12bpm and PETCO2 was maintained between 35-45 mm Hg. The parameters remained unchanged during one-lung ventilation. The patients were assigned to one of two groups : propofol group and isoflurane group. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion in propofol group and isoflurane inhalation in isoflurane group and BIS was maintained at 45-55. A bolus of 0.5 % ropivacaine 7-9ml was given epidurally followed by 0.5% ropivacaine infusion at a rate of 3-5ml?h-1 in both groups during maintenance of anesthesia. Besides ECG, BP and BIS, continuous cardiac output(CCO Baxter) was monitored during operation. Blood samples were taken from radial artery and pulmonary artery simultaneously before anesthesia when patients were lying supine and breathing spontaneously (T0 ), in lateral position when both lungs were ventilated (T1 ), at 5,15, 30, 60 min of one-lung ventilation(T2-5 ) and when both lungs were ventilated again for 30min(T6) for blood gas analysis. Qs/Qt was calculated.Results (1) The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic data. Propofol infusion was maintained at 4-6 mg?kg-1?h-1 in propofol group and end-tidal isoflurane was maintained between 0.3%-0.5% in isoflurane group. (2) Venous admixture increased significantly at T1 and further increased after T2 and reached its peak at T3(31.1% ?4.2%) in propofol group and at T4 (33.5% ? 7.8% ) in isoflurane group. Shunt fraction was significantly lower in propofol at T4-5 than that in isoflurane group. (3) PaO2 decreased significantly during OLV in both groups, but there was no significant difference in PaO2 between the two groups. Conclusions When combined with thoracic epidural block, intravenous propofol infusion exerts less effect on intrapulmonary shunt than isoflurane inhalation during OLV but there was no significant difference in arterial oxygenation between the two groups.

Objective To investigate the changes in oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt duringprolonged one-lung ventilation (OLV) and compare the effects of four different anesthetic techniques. MethodsForty ASAⅠ -Ⅱ patients (27 male, 13 female) aged 36-74 yr undergoing prolonged OLV during elective thoracicsurgery were randomly allocated to one of four groups: (1) isoflurane (GI, n = 10); (2) isoflurane + epidural(GIE, n =10); (3) propofol (GP, n = 10); (4) propofol + epidural (GPE, n = 10). Radial artery wascannulated and Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein before induction of general anesthesia.In group 2 and 4 an epidural catheter was inserted at T_(7-8) or T_(8-9) and advanced 3 .5-4.0 cm in the epidural spacecephalad. Epidural block was produced by a bolus of 0.5 % ropivacaine 7-9 ml followed by continuous infusion of0. 5 % ropivacaine at 3-5 ml?h~(-1). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1 .0-1. 5 mg?kg~(-1), fentanyl 3?g?kg~(-1) andvecuronium 0. 1 mg?kg~(-1). A left-sided double-lumen tube was inserted and correct position was confirmed. Thepatients were mechenically ventilated. The ventilation collditions were FiO_2 = 100 %, V_T = 8-10 ml?kg~(-1), I: E =1: 5 and respiratory rate was adjusted to maintained P_(ET) CO_2 at 35-45 mm Hg during both two-lung ventilation(TLV) and OLV. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane inhalation in group 1 and 2 or continuous infusion ofpropofol in group 3 and 4 supplemented with intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl. MAP, HR, ECG, MPAP,CVP, continuous cardiac output (CCO), BIS and TOF were continuously monitored during anesthesia. BIS was maintained at 45-55. Arterial and pulmonary blood gases were analyzed before induction of anesthesia (T_1), 30min after TLV was started (T_2 ), and 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after OLV was started (T_(3-8)) and 30 minafter TLV was resumed (T_9 ). The Qs/Qt (shunt fraction) was calculated at T_(1-9) Results Qs/Qt was significantlyincreased after induction of general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation and increased further during OLVcompared with the baseline value (T_1) in all four groups. The calculated Qs/Qt values were highest at 15 min (T_4)or 30 min (T_5) of OLV and remained high for 30-60 min and then gradually decreasing. During OLV QS/Qt washigher in group 1 than in the other three groups (P0.05). Cardiac output was significantly higher in group 1 and 2 than thatin group 3 and 4 during OLV. Conclusion During prolonged OLV intrapulmonary shunt tends to decrease withincreasing oxygenation with time, regardless of anesthetic techniques employed. Isoflurane inhalation is associatedwith a signifficant increase in shunt fraction. Combined general and epidural anesthesia may induce greaterhemodynamic changes.

Objective To assess the influence of upper thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on systemic oxygen supply-demand relationship during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients undergoing elective esophageal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups : group Ⅰ general anesthesia (GI n = 10) and group Ⅱ combined general-epidural anesthesia (GIE n = 10). In both groups anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 3 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1. The patients were intubated with double-lumen catheter. Correct positioning was verified by auscultation and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (1.5-2.0% ) and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl. BIS was maintained at 45-55 during operation. In GIE group epidural puncture was performed at T7-8 or T8-9. The catheter was advanced 3.5-4.0 ml in the epidural space cephalad. 0.5% ropivacaine was infused at 3-5 ml?h-1 during operation. Anesthetic block levels ranged from T2-4 to T10-12 . Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling and Swan-Ganz catheter was positioned in the pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein. ECG, MAP, HR, CVP, continuous cardiac output index (CCI) and BIS were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained before induction of anesthesia (T0 ), 30 min after intubation while two lungs were being ventilated (T1) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of OLV (T2-3) and 30 min after TLV was resumed (T6 ) . MAP, CVP, cardiac output index (CI) and arterial and mixed venous blood oxygen content were measured and oxygen supply (DO2) and consumption (VO2) were calculated at each time point. Results In GIE group MAP was significantly lower than that in GI group ( P 0.05). At 15, 30 and 60 min of OLV (T2-4) mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2 ) was significantly lower while VO2 significantly higher in group GIE than in group GI. Consequently DO2/ VO2 in group GIE was significantly lower than that in group GI. Conclusion Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia increases oxygen consumption (VO2) and consequently decreases DO2/ VO2 during OLV.

Objective To explore the effect of video-based teaching of Lamaze method on delivery among primiparae.Methods One hundred and twenty pregnant women were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group with 60 in each.The intervention group received additional train-ing by using the video-based teaching of Lamaze method besides routine antepartum education,while the control group received only routine antepartum education.The cesarean section rate,labor course and neonatal asphyxia were compared between the two groups.Results The rate of natural delivery in the in-tervention group was significantly lower,and the rate of cesarean section caused by social factors decreased,which were all better than those in the control group.Neonatal asphyxia showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusions The video-based teaching of Lamaze method can promote natural delivery,shorten Labor course and worthy of wide application in pregnancy school.

Regulation of gene expression is one of the most importa nt responses of cells to DNA damage induced by radiation. A novel expressed seq u ence tag (EST) fragment had been cloned from human embryo lung cells induced by 50cGy radiation and named RIG1. To clone the full-length cDNA of RIG1, a non-c loned cDNA library of human embryo lung cells induced by low dose irradiation ha d been established. This library was used as template in enchanced nest RACE PCR and biotin-labeled probe was used for further purification. The 3′ flanking s equence of this EST was cloned and sequenced with this set of technology. It was illuminated by homology analysis that this 3′ flanking sequence and the origin al EST are well aligned with a BAC clone of 20th chromosome and the predic ted exons sequence of this chromosome is well consisten ce with the real EST. Thus the RIG1 can be roughly located in 20th chromos ome. By use of the exons sequence predicted from chromosome sequence by GENSCA N, full-length of RIG1 gene has been cloned. Chromosome location of RIG1 gene i s further determined by this successful verification of Bioinformatics predictio n by experiment. By the same step, genome sequence of RIG1 has been determined. Therefore,by the combined use of Bioinformatics analysis，the full-length cDNA sequence and genome sequence of RIG1 gene are obtained and the predicted protei n sequence is determined.

Adult ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Immunity ; radiation effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Railroads

Objective To investigate the clinical value of MRI in evaluating the cardiac structures and function of congenital heart diseases.Methods Fifteen cases with surgically proved different types of CHD were examined by the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and echocardiography (ECG).The results were compared to determine their values in showing the abnormalities of cardiac structures and function.Results In 15 cases,20 malformations were diagnosed correctly by MRI within 24 abnormalities confirmed by operation(20/24),21 by ECG (21/24).MRI was better than ECG in displaying great vascular diseases, while ECG was better in valvular diseases.There was no significant difference between MRI and ECG in examining cardiac function.Conclusion MRI can clearly show the abnormalities of cardiac anatomy and function.

AIM: To confirm the effects of capillary endothelium injury in the lung with ischemia reperfusion. METHODS: The rabbits pulmonary models of ischemia reperfusion (I-R)injury were established. Plasma nitric oxide and endothelin levels, arterial oxygen tension and wet/dry weight ratios were determined in different periods in control and I-R groups, and the pulmonary ultrastructure abnormities were analyzed under electromicroscope. RESULTS: The plasma levels of NO and ET-1 in I-R animals increased significantly ,compared with those in sham treated control groups. The level of ET-1 had significantly negative correlation with PaO 2 and positive correlation with the value of the wet/dry weight ratios. The swelling and karyopyknosis of capillary endothelium in the lung with I-R groups were observed in ischemia periods. The injuries of endotheliums and typeⅠandⅡ alveolar cells in 0 5 h of reperfusion were more severe than those in ischemia time, and the injuries began to repair in 2 h of reperfusion time. CONCLUSION: In the I-R group, pulmonary capillary endothelium have been injuried, which may play a prominent role in I-R injury and dysfunction of the lung.