Objective:To evaluate the China’s fairness of health resource distribution in recent years. Methods: Index of priority for health services (IPHS)and index of resources distribution ( IRD) were applied to test the allocation status of health resources with the horizon and vertical comparison analysis. Result: With the development of new health care reform, the public health service gradually improves and the basic health needs are further satisfied. The unfair distribution kept the same among different regions, and the provincial health supply and demand are not matched. Conclusion: Public health resource allocation should keep focus on reducing the divergence from rural-urban dichotomy and narowing inter-provincial gaps.

Priority setting of health resource allocation depends on effective and comprehensive government-based stewardship, the national research of which lacks comprehensive considerations. The paper articulates the trend of western research from solo economic analysis to a combined comprehension of political economies, systemic con-straints and health financing, to consider the scope, strategy and enforced framework for government rationing within a larger organizational and political context. In the health decision-making practice, the best formula for interdiscipli-nary tools is a test of stewardship capacity. A multi-disciplinary approach from the perspectives of politics, health e-conomies, philosophy, law and evidence-based medicine must be adopted for the priority setting of health resource al-location. Finally, a clear stewardship phased objective is proposed as well as strategies, with emphasis on health de-cisions from “stewardship as structure” to “stewardship as a process” with challenges that lie ahead.

Solidarity is the foundation of European health care and policy. However, it is constantly discussed by the new concept of personal responsibility, liberalism and privatization. In some European countries, out of pocket money was used more because of the limited resources which indeed weakened the solidarity, an element which con-sistently marks the difference among the European Union countries, and the main source of European political com-mitment and accountability associated with health. In the universal health care reform tide, the European government restrains its power in detailed operation on the health care and pharmaceuticals delivery, medical insurance design, and health resource allocation, but this is done through more specific supervision to ensure solidarity in health care system.

Healthy China 2030 projected to accelerate the development of health care services, but the healthcare industry in China is still in the early stages of development, and is currently threatened by the lack of the relevant legislation, industry regulations and government supervision.The current plight of supervision on traditional Chinese health care consists of the following factors, lack of legislative guarantee, the overlap between the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and traditional Chinese health care services blurred the supervision scope, no unified standards of Chinese health care service industry, low cost of illegal misconduct, regulatory fragmentation without substantive supervision.Based on the domestic and foreign experience, the following recommendations were put forward: Strengthening government supervision of the whole process of the Chinese medicine health care, clearly identifying the monitoring and the main supervision responsibility by legislation, screening the pseudo-information and enhance public Chinese medicine literacy, improving the self-regulation and self-supervision, and a variety of innovated government led supervision methods should be elaborated and put into practice, such as grid monitoring, classification management, establishment of credibility system, joint supervision, and so on.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection by using balloon dilatation.Methods Seven patients with breast cancer from June 2005 to October 2005 were studied.Methylene blue injection around the areola or the tumor in combination with balloon placement in the axilla was performed to create surgical space for further endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection.Results The number of resected lymph nodes was 9~17(mean,12.3).No crushed lymph node was found.Positive lymph nodes were found in 4 patients.The operation time was 95~140 min(mean,114.3 min).The axillary vein and other important anatomic structures were clearly exposed.There was no edema of the upper limbs or other complications in the axillary area.No recurrence was noted during a follow-up survey for 2~6 months(mean,4.6 months).Conclusions Endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection can be performed after the establishment of surgical space by using balloon dilatation.

Caffeine is a major ingredient of daily beverages including coffee, tea, coca-cola, et al, as well as one of most widely used drugs in the world. Caffeine is the stimulant of central nervous system and has positive effect on cardiovascular system. Moreover, it is able to promote secretion of gastric acid and alleviate migraine. It also play the wide-ranging roles in the other systems of the body. So, making a thorough investigation on caffeine not only has clinical significances, but also give a beneficial guide to the health and life. This review aims at highlighting the pharmacological effects of caffeine and exploring the relationship between the body and caffeine.

Objective To observe the effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide(ASP)and total glucosides of paeony(TGP)on lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.Methods The content of lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells was measured through photoes under microscope and graph analysis software.Results In the culture medium without apoA-I,the content of lipid accumulation in the groups of ASP was increased significantly(P

L-Carnitine plays an essential role in the transfer of long chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm of a cell into the mitochondrion,where they undergo ?-oxidation.Carnitine deficiency is characterized by plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations below those required for the normal functions of the organism,including cardiomyopathy,myopathy,hypoketonemia,hypoglycemia,hyperammonemia.Studies show that supplement of carnitine could improve the clinical symptoms of some diseases.

Objective To evaluate the incidence of retinal re-detachment and possible risk factors after removal of silicone oil.Methods The clinical data of 821 patients (858 eyes) who underwent removal of silicone oil in General Hospital of PLA during 2008-2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients included 518 males and 303 females.The age was ranged from 1 to 79 years old,with an average of 44.03 years.All patients underwent removal of silicone oil after vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade (the tamponade period was ranged from 40 days to 13 years,with an average of 6.82 months).The incidence,time and causes of retinal re-detachment were analyzed.Results Retinal re-detachment occurred in43 patients (44 eyes,5.13％).Among these retinal re-detachment in 44 eyes,23 eyes (52.27％) occurred in 1 week,13 eyes (29.55％) in 1-4 weeks,4 eyes (9.08％) in 4-8 weeks,2 eyes (4.55％) in 8-12 weeks,and 2 eyes (4.55％) more than 12 weeks after silicone oil removal.Possible reasons of retinal re-detachment included activated original retinal holes (7 eyes),residual peripheral vitreous (3 eyes),traction of epiretinal proliferative membrane (18 eyes),new retinal hole (9 eyes),non-closure of original retinal holes (5 eyes) and traction of retinal incarceration in the scleral incision (2 eyes).Conclusions The incidence of retinal re-detachment after silicone oil removal is 5.13 ％.The incidence reduced gradually with the extension of time after removal silicone oil.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with mefformin in newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients.Methods Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed overweight/obsess type 2 diabetic mellitus were randomly divided into observation group (32 cases) and control group (30 cases) by systematic sampling method.The observation group received insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with metformin,and the control group received recombinant human insulin and insulin glargine.The therapeutic effect and safety were compared between the 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in the blood glucose before eating,before retiring and at mane primo 3:00 between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in the time of blood glucose standard and rate of hypoglycaemia between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Daily insulin dosage and costs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(0.6 ± 0.1) U/kg vs.(0.8 ± 0.1) U/kg and (15.8 ±2.1) yuan/d vs.(21.3 ±2.6) yuan/d],and there were statistical differences (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with mefformin provides a convenient,effective and safe therapy for newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients and high cost performance.