Radiotherapy is the main treatment method for treating head and neck tumors. however, carotid injury after irradiation is a major concern which contributes to the quality of life in head and neck patients, especially in long term survivors. At present, duplex Doppler ultrasound is commonly used in detecting the change of carotid artery after irradiation in the clinic. Internal diameter and mean intima-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery are predominant objects of observation. Precaution and management of carotid artery damage after irradiation have signifi cant clinical value to long term survivors. In this view, we summarized the advances in the study of carotid artery damage of head and neck tumors after irradiation.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on inflammation and amyloid-beta peptide in hippocampus of depressive rats.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to generate animal models of depression.Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):depression model group (group D),electroconvulsive shock group (group DE),ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock group (group DKE),and ketamine group (group DK).Rats in group D received sham ECS treatment;rats in group DE received ECS treatment;rats in group DKE were given intraper-itoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received ECS treatment;rats in group DK were given intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received sham ECS treatment.Morris water maze was used to assess the memory abilities of rats.The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of soluble Aβ.Results Before the administration of ECS or ketamine treatment,there was no significant difference in the escape latencies and space exploration time between the 4 groups (P>0.05).After the ECS and ketamine treatment,rats of group DKE exhibited a shorter escape latencies and a longer space exploration time,and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were down-regulated while the concentration of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were increased compared with group DE with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ketamine can alleviate ECS-induced learning and memory impairments in depressive rats.This cognition-protecting effect of ketamine may be attributed to its suppression of ECS-induced neuroinflammation and decrease of the levels of soluble Aβ in the hippocampus of depressive rats.

Objective:To probe the influence ofrelated index ofmetabolic syndrome on TCM clinical syndrome.Methods:A statistical factor analysis was made to related index ofmetabolic syndrome in 1 231 random people ofphysical examination.To probe the influence ofsyndrome differentiation offive zang on common factor.Results:The results indicated that there were close relationship between liver and lipid,heart and blood pressure, kidney and fasting plasma glucose.There were neither evident mutuality between abdominal circumference and syndromes offive zang,nor between related index ofmetabolic syndrome and the lung or the spleen.Conclusion:Regulation ofthe liver,heart and kidney in TCM may be the key to prevention and treatment ofmetabolic syndrome.

Background and purpose:Radiotherapy is the main method to manage head and neck tumors.About half of the patients with malignant tumor in head and neck could obtain long term survival through radiotherapy or other therapy combined with radiotherapy.However,it is necessary to clinically detect whether carotid stenosis is a major sequela of head and neck irradiation,especially in long term survivors such as patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.We analyzed this injury and the degree of carotid stenosis,and its related factors to provide information to reduce and delay the incidence of this injury.Methods:We analyzed the degree of arterial stenosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received radiotherapy and had survived more than three years in Cancer Hospital Fudan University,compared with newly diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma before radiotherapy.The degree of carotid artery injury was observed and the clinical factors which affect its occurrence and development.All patients were low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology.All patients were examined with color doppler ultrasound to detect the carotid artery.The main end points were the diameter of carotid artery,the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities.Results:Arterial stenosis was more common in the reserch group than the control group(80% vs 20%,P＜0.001).The common and internal carotid arteries were most commonly involved(70% vs 20%,P＜0.001;6313% vs 10%,P＜0.001),followed by the external carotid artery(30% vs 3.3%,P=0.015).Significant stenosis was only found in the research group,common carotid arteries 36.7%,internal carotid arteries 23.3%,external carotid arteries10%.Conclusion:This study showed that radiation could cause significant carotid stenosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had received radiotherapy more than 3 years previously.Carotid stenosis developed more frequently in the common carotid artery and intemal carotid artery on the side that had received radiotherapy.

Objective To analyze risk factors of elasticity of common femoral artery(CFA)and popliteal artery(PoA)in type 2 diabetic(T2DM)patients by echo-tracking(ET)technique.Methods Thirty healthy subjects(control group)and sixty-eight T2DM patients were enrolled in this study.The stiffness β of common femoral and popliteal artery were automatically measured by ET technique.The differences in ordinary and biochemical indices between control group and T2DM group were compared and analyzed by the method of linear regression and multiple linear regression.Results In both control and the T2DM group,β of CFA and PoA were significantly correlated with age,systolic blood pressure.TC, LDL,ApoB and LPa of CFA were also significantly correlation with β in T2DM group(P<0.05).Conclasions The stiffness of CFA and PoA in patients with T2DM increased followed by the increase of age, systolic blood pressure,TC,VLDL,ApoB and LPa.

The response of glueagon to the change of glucose and its relation to blood pressure in 71 eidely patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated. The results showed that the postprandial increment of glucagon in the group of patients with postprandial 2h plasma glucose increment<2.5 mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the group with plasma glucose inerement≥ 2.5 mmoi/L (P<0. 05). The postprandial increment of glucagon in patients with normal blood pressure was significantly higher than that in patients with hypertension (P<0.05). The results suggest that the decreased response of glucagon to the change in plasma glucose in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is related to increased blood glucose and high blood pressure.

Objective To investigate outcome and prognosis of isolated mild fetal ventriculomegaly (IMV) of fetus in uterus. Methods From Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2009, 18 200 singleton pregnancy women from 20 weeks gestation underwent prenatal ultrasonography examination in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College. One hundred and forty-eight women with IMV (transverse diameter of the atrium of the lateral ventricle measuring between 10 and 15 mm with no other abnormalities) were studied prospectively, which were divided into two groups: 99 women with transverse diameter of the lateral ventricle of 10 - 11 mm in group A and 49 women with transverse diameter lateral ventricle of 12 - 15 mm in group B. The changes of ventriculomegaly and the associated intracranial and extracranial anomalies were observed regularly every 2 or 4 weeks until delivery. The development of neurological system was also followed up. Results ( 1 ) The overall incidence of IMV was 0. 08% (148/18 200). The rate of bilateral ventriculomegaly were 20% (20/99) in group A and 51% (25/49) in group B, which reached statistical difference (P＜ 0. 05). (2) Prognosis of fetus: 139 cases with 2 or more ultrasonographic examinations, IMV resolved throughout pregnancy in 41. 7% (58/139) ,regressed in 7. 9% (11/139) ,remained stable in 36. 7% (51/139)and progressed in 13. 7% ( 19/139). Five cases in group A and 11 cases in group B present progress, which reached significantly difference (P ＜ 0. 05). (3) One hundred and eleven cases infant were followed up for 5-12 months,the rate of psycho-motor developmental delay was 5. 4% (6/111). The rate of neuro-developmental delay in progressed group (3/15) was higher than 2. 5% ( 1/40) in resolved group, 0 (0/8) in regressed group and 4. 2% (2/48) in remained stable group, which reached significantly difference (P＜0. 05). Conclusions About 85% of cases of IMV resolved, regressed or remained stable in utero would exhibited good prognosis. IMV with a transverse atrial size ≥ 12 mm or progression in utero was usually associated with a poor prognosis, which should be observed carefully.

AIM:To investigate the effect of RWDD3 gene silencing on the biological characteristics of human glioma U251 cells.METHODS: A lentiviral vector expressing RWDD3 shRNA was constructed and transfeeted into the U251 cells.The expression of RWDD3 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot , re-spectively .The cell activity was determined by MTT assay .The colony formation ability was detected by the colony forma-tion assay .The cell proliferation ability was detected by BrdU incorporation assay .The cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay .Flow cytometry was used to monitor the changes of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis .RE-SULTS:Recombinant lentivirus was successfully transfected into U 251 cells.Compared with the cells transfected with the scrambled shRNA and control cells, the cell activity, colony formation ability, and the invasive and migratory activities were inhibited, the cell cycle was arrested in G 0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis was increased in the U 251 cells transfected with RWDD3 shRNA ( P <0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: RWDD3 plays a vital role in proliferation and invasion of glioma cells.It may serve as a potential target of gene therapy for glioma .

Objective To investigate the effect of integrated traditional Chinese ( TCM ) and western medicine fast-track surgery ( FTS) in the perioperative management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) .Methods One hundred and fifty patients with acute cholecysititis undergoing LC from June 2012 to January 2015, were recruited and divided randomly into 3 groups.Patients in group A (n=30) were treated with routine method in perioperative period, patients in group B ( n=60) were treated with western medicine FTS, and patients in group C (n=60) were treated with integrated TCM and western medicine FTS.The first exhaust time after operation, length of stay, times of clinic visit, symptoms, levels of IL-6, CRP and ALB, postoperative complications, readmission rate, reoperation rate, and patient satisfaction were evaluated in three groups.Results The first exhaust time after operation of group B and group C was earlier than that of group A [(25.16 ±8.36)h and (21.61 ±6.52)h vs.(36.06 ±10.88)h, P<0.05], and the first exhaust time of group C was earlier than that of group B (P<0.05).The length of stay of group B and group C were shorter than that of group A [(4.30 ±1.07)d and (3.98 ±1.16)d vs.(6.11 ±1.26)d, P<0.05].The nausea and vomiting, and abdominal distension of group C were lighter than those of group B [(0.27 ±0.08) vs.( 0.31 ±0.09); (0.35 ±0.09 ) vs.(0.40 ±0.13), respectively].There were no difference of the level of IL-6, CRP and ALB between group B and group C [(57.12 ±16.29) ng/L vs. (53.91 ±17.15) ng/L, (53.93 ±17.18) mg/L vs.(51.16 ±16.67) mg/L,(40.50 ±4.65) g/L vs. (41.01 ±4.60)g/L, respectively, all P<0.05].There was no difference among the three groups in the complication rate, readmission rate and reoperation rate(all P>0.05).Conclusion Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine FTS in the perioperative period of LC can promote recovery, reduce symptoms and operation stress and maintain albumin level.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of interlocking intramedullary nail and micro-invasive internal fixation with plate for the treatment of multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSThe clinical data of 39 patients with multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures received treatment from January 2010 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. In the 39 patients, 18 cases were treated by the interlocking intramedullary nail (intramedullary nail group), there were 12 males and 6 females with the mean age of (40.6 ± 9.7) years old (ranged, 24 to 60 years);7 cases were type C2.1, 11 were type C2.2 according to the AO classification. The other 21 cases were treated by micro-invasive internal fixation with plate(plate group), there were 13 males and 8 females with the mean age of (41.7 ± 8.1) years old (ranged, 22 to 52 years), 7 cases were type C2.1, 13 were type C2.2, 1 was type C2.3. Preoperative preparation time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, fracture healing time were compared between two groups. Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria was used to evaluate the clinical effect at last follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 10 to 28 months with an average of 15.2 months. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss in intramedullary nail group were (62.1 ± 5.8) min, (70.9 ± 7.1) ml, respectively; in plate group were (64.3 ± 7.7) min, (74.1 ± 8.5) ml,respectively. There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between two groups (P > 0.05). However, preoperative preparation time, fracture healing time in intramedullary nail group were (5.3 ± 0.7) days, (11.1 ± 1.9) months, in plate group were (7.1 ± 0.8) days, (14.1 ± 2.2) months, respectively. No postoperative complications were found in intramedullary nail group, and five cases developed with complications in plate group. There was significant difference in preoperative preparation time, postoperative complications and fracture healing time between two groups (P < 0.05). According to Johner-Wruhs criteria at last follow-up, 11 cases got excellent results, 4 good, 3 fair in intramedullary nail group; 11 excellent, 5 good, 2 poor in plate group.

CONCLUSIONInterlocking intramedullary nail has advantages of shorter preoperative preparation time, less postoperative complications and faster fracture healing time in treating multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures. But the application scope of interlocking intramedullary nail was inferior to micro-invasive internal fixation with plate , and its indications should be strictly controlled.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery