A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16μM and 3.2μM. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16?M and 3.2?M. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

The colorimetric method has been well developed to detect the sensitivity of most antiproliferative drugs with the advantages of objectivity and accuracy. Many parameters including the dosage and the absorbance of crystalline violet, the extraction time of the solvent, plate effect and marginal effect were investigated, then the optimized method was applied further to measure the biological activity during the refolding of recombinant human IFN-? inclusion bodies.

Objective To explore the association between infant breastfeeding and cognition and behavior development in school age children.Methods Five hundred and eighty-one children aged 7-11 years old from two schools in Ningyang of Tai′an.Their cognition and beha-vior development during school age were assessed by Ravin's standard progressive matrices and child behavior check list(CBCL).Their feeding conditions during infant period,family environment,education level of parents,et al,were investigated with self-made inventory questionnaire.Association between infant breastfeeding types,duration of breastfeeding and cognition,behavior development were analyzed.Results The single factor analysis showed the scores of perceptual distinction,similarity,and Abstract thought in children who were only breast fed before 4 months were higher than those of controls for male children(Pa

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of harmonic scalpel in neck dissection. METHOD: Available literatures of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CBM, CNKI, WangFang and VIP published before June 2014 were searched. Inclusion criteria and quality assessment were performed. All data were analyzed by using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULT: Fourteen studies including 632 cases were enrolled. Among them, 319 cases were in harmonic scalpel group and 313 cases in conventional resection group. Compared with conventional resection group, the harmonic scalpel group showed shorter surgery time(weighted mean difference [95% confidence intetval]: -28.01 [-36.83, -19.19], Z = 6.22, P < 0.01)and less intra-operative blood loss (weighted mean difference [95% confidence intetval]: -46.68 [-57.25, -36.12], Z = 8.66, P < 0.01). The number of cervical lymph nodes dissected and the incidence of postoperative chylous leakage were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Using the harmonic scalpel in neck dissection was as efficient and safe as that of the conventional technique with the advantage of shorter time of surgery and less intraoperative blood loss.
Blood Loss, Surgical ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neck ; surgery ; Neck Dissection ; instrumentation ; Postoperative Period ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of Spanishneedles Herb eye drops in treating perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbits.

METHODTotally 36 rabbits (36 right eyes) were ovariectomized, and 2 months later divided into three groups: the experimental group (group A, n = 12) given Spanishneedles Herb eye drops, the control group (group B, n = 12) given PBS and the model group (group C, n = 12) given no drug. The Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescent (FL), total tear protein, diastase activity, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents and confocal scanning microscopy were performed at before the treatment and at 1 w, 2 w, 1 mo, 2 mo after the treatment.

RESULTBefore the treatment, There was no significant difference in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity between two groups. Two months later after the treatment, both the group B and the group A showed differences degrees of changes in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity compared with that before the treatment, with statistical differences (P < 0.05); At each time point, both groups revealed statistical differences in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity (1 < 0.05). Two months later alter the treatment, densities of basal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the group A were (4 122 ±416) cells/mm2 and (339 ± 131) cells/mm2, while that in the group B were (3 343 ± 424) cells/mm2 and (49 ± 17) cells/mm2, with statistical differences between them (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpanishneedles Herb eye drops could effectively treat perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbit caused by sex hormones decline.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; Perimenopause ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tears ; secretion ; Xerophthalmia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

In order to identify Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced based on the Principles for Molecular Identification of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Using DNA Barcoding, which has been promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by Codon Code Aligner V3. 7.1. The relevant data were analyzed by MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were performed by using the nearest distance methods and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The result showed that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Radix were 229-230 bp and the average intra-specific genetic distances were 0.005. The ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Decursivi Radix were 227 bp and the sequences contained no variation site. The average inter-specific K2P genetic distance of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species were 0.044 and 0.065 respectively. The minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence of Peucedani Decursivi Radix. The nearest distance methods and NJ trees results indicated that Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species could be identification clearly. The ITS2 regions can stably and accurately distinguish Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination

A new nonviral gene vector--urocanic acid-coupled chitosan (UAC) was prepared by the reaction of the activated urocanic acid (UA) with the amine group on the chitosan (CTS). The structure of UAC was confirmed with FT-IR, 1H NMR and element analysis. The influencing factors of substitution values were studied by orthogonal test, and the substitution values of UAC increased with the prolongation of activating time of UA and the increasing ratio of UA to CTS. The condensation ability and the resistance to DNase I of UAC/pDNA were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and UAC showed good condensation ability with pDNA, well protecting pDNA from the degradation by DNase I. The particle size and zeta potential were evaluated by zetasizer, and the results showed that the UAC/pDNA complex was well stable and could easily enter into cells. The transfection studies were performed with HepG2 cells in vitro. It showed that the in vitro transfection of UAC/pDNA was efficient in HepG2 cells and could express more green fluorescent proteins than that of CTS. So the UAC is easy to prepare and a promising non-viral gene vector.
Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; metabolism ; DNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Urocanic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; metabolism

Objective To explore the effect of upgrade of dialysate quality on the microinflammation in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Fifty-three MHD patients in Kidney Center of the First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College,Zhejiang University in January 2003 were enrolled in the prospectively study.The main end-points were survival at 8 years or weaning from haemodialysis during 8-year period including death, receiving renal transplantation or transferring to peritoneal dialysis.The endotoxin level of dialysate and patients' serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),C reaction protein (CRP),and albumin were recorded during the observation period. Results After the upgrade of water management system,endotoxin level of dialysate obviously decreased [(0.046±0.012) EU/ml vs (0.454±0.002) EU/ml,P＜0.01],and serum IL-6 [(3.947±3.624) ng/L vs (13.779±7.106) ng/L,P=0.036],TNF-α [(7.935±3.864) ng/L vs (12.804±8.017) ng/L,P=0.012] as well as CRP [(0.194±0.149) mg/L vs (0.561 ±0.309) mg/L,P＜0.01] decreased significantly,while serum albumin increased [(41.900±6.803) g/L vs (38.140±7.083) g/L,P=0.042].Hemoglobin level did not change significantly after the system upgrade,however,the dose of erythropoietin decreased [(93.0±12.7) U·kg-1·week-1 vs (131.0±10.1) U·kg-1·week-1,P=0.015]. Conclusions The upgrade of central dialysis fluid delivery and water management system by application of double reverse osmosis,high frequency heat disinfection and endotoxin filter can improve the quality of dialysate.Improvement of dialysate quality can ameliorate the microinflammation state of MHD patients.

AIM: To explore the relationship of central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO) and atherosclerosis ( AS) .
METHODS:Fifty cases of CRVO patients were chosen as the observation group in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2014, other 50 patients with AS ( non-CRVO) as control group. In the control group, 22 cases of AS mild stenosis, moderate stenosis in 24 cases, 4 cases of severe stenosis ( 3 cases implanted stent ) . According to the severity, two grade prevention primary prevention therapy, and cerebral vascular disease treating stroke, corresponding drug treatment was undergone. Two groups of patients were performed cervical carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound examination, including assessing plaque, carotid artery intima-media thickness ( IMT) , the degree of stenosis of internal carotid artery blood flow velocity and the systolic peak ( PSV ) , end diastolic blood flow velocity ( EDV) , resistance index ( RI) values for kinetic parameters etc. All the indexes of the two groups were compared with color Doppler ultrasound examination results, to evaluate the correlation between CRVO and AS.
RESULTS: In the observation group, 15 cases were detected of carotid artery with mild stenosis, 28 cases of arterial diameter reduced <50%, carotid artery moderate stenosis, arterial diameter was reduced from 50% ~69%, 6 cases of carotid artery stenosis, arterial diameter was reduced from 70% ~99%, 1 patient with ipsilateral carotid artery near occlusion. In the control group, 22 cases were of AS mild stenosis, moderate stenosis in 24 cases, 4 cases of severe stenosis ( 3 cases implanted stent ) . The eyes with CRVO increased IMT, PSV and EDV decreased, RI value increased (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus in observation group were statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). The control group of 2a of follow-up showed no recurrence during CRVO.
CONCLUSION: CRVO and AS are highly correlated, the neck of Doppler ultrasound examination can clearly reflect the central retinal vein blood supply, the standard treatment for AS disease, can reduce the risk of CRVO, with certain clinical significance.