Raman spectroscopy is an optical technology based on the theory of Raman scattering, which is generally used in the research of medical and biological science. Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect the molecular structures and components of proteins, lipids, DNA, and other biological molecules, and provide substantial information about molecules. Thus, Raman spectroscopy is generally considered a "molecular fingerprint", and it has exceptional advantages in medical research. Moreover, this technique can reflect the changes in molecular structures and detect the alterations of chemical constituents in the samples. Raman spectroscopy, given its high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of the biological samples, has been successfully used to detect and diagnose diseases in numerous sites, such as skin, oral mucosa, breast, head, and neck. In this paper, we introduce the application of Raman spectroscopy in stomatology by conducting a review of the literature.
DNA ; Lipids ; Oral Medicine ; Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

This paper explains the status of science and technology of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Basic conclusions are as follows: policy environment is improved step by step, R&D funds and R&D personnel in traditional Chinese medicine field are increased continuously, and a lot of achievements have been got in traditional Chinese medicine field.
Academies and Institutes ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Biomedical Research ; economics ; manpower ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To analyze gerbil plague in northern Ningxia and the monitoring results,to master the plague epidemic dynamics,and to provide the basis for developmenting countermeasures.Methods Monitoring data of gerbil plague focus in northern Ningxia were collect in 2009,counted main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index and bacteriology,serology detect and analyzed the epidemic situation.Results An average density of main host was 1.74/hm2,the average rate of infected fleas was 28.60％,and the average rat body flea index was 0.76.Monitoring found 4 plagues from rat plague epidemic,plague bacteria were found in 16 strains,of which gerbils inspection bacteria 10 strains,Meriones unguiculatus 2 strains,the same type cheopis 2 strains,and bald disease fleas 2 strains.Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) was used to test 529 copies of samples,2 copies were found positive,and hemagglutination-positive rate was 0.38％; eight copies were examined by reverse indirect hemagglutination(RIHA),7 material were found positive,and hemagglutination-positive rate was 87.50％.Conclusions In recent years,the disease is active among animals in gerbil plague focus Ningxia.The density of rodents is higher,and local plague epidemic is found in rats.Monitoring efforts should be strengthened and scope of monitoring should be expanded.We should pay close attention to the epidemic dynamics,control the prevalence and spread of animal disease,and prevent the occurrence of human plague.

Animals ; Carps ; physiology ; Galvanic Skin Response ; drug effects ; physiology ; Skin ; cytology ; Strychnine ; pharmacology ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; physiology

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To investigate the possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods The level of serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA in eighty type 2 diabetic patients including thirty subjects without diabetic nephropathy , twenty with microalbuminuria and thirty with macroalbuminuria, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with macroalbuminuria were both significantly higher than that of patients with and without microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than that of patients without diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). Both VEGF and ES level were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (mAlb) (r=0.226, P<0.01; r=0.491, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.237, P<0.05;r=-0.620, P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (r1=0.633, P1<0.01; r2=0.532, P2<0.05). However, there was no correlation between VEGF and ES in patients without diabetic nephropathy (r3=0.175, P3>0.05). Conclusion The levels of VEGF and ES in type 2 diabetic nephropathy had varying degree of increasing in different diabetic nephropathy stage , and closely related to mAlb and eGFR. Disequilibrium of VEGF and ES may speed up the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of L-Arginine(L-Arg) on microcirculation perfusion after banked-blood transfusion in rabbits with hypovolemia.Methods Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each): groups Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Hypovolemia was induced by blood letting (20％ of blood volume) and the equal volume of banked-blood was transfused 30 min later in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ.25％ L-Arg 300 mg/kg was injected iv 5 min before blood letting in group Ⅲ,and the equal volume of normal saline was injected in group Ⅰ.Group Ⅱ only received 25％ L-Arg 300 mg/kg.MAP,CVP and tip perfusion index (TPI) were recorded at before (T0) and after blood letting (T1),end of banked-blood transfusion (T2),1 h ( T3 ) and 2 h (T4) after banked- blood transfusion,and blood samples were taken for determination of plasma lactate and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations.Results TPI was higher at T2-T4,plasma lactate concentration lower at T1 -T4 and plasma NO concentration lower at T3,T4 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ ( P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MAP between groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅰ ( P ＞ 0.05).MAP was lower at T1 in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in CVP among the 3 groups( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment with L-Arg can increase microcirculation perfusion,and has no effect on hemodynamics in rabbits with hypovolemia after banked-blood transfusion.

Objective:To detect the correlativity between clinical periodental indexes and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX)concentration in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF).Methods:77 teeth with periodontitis in 60 patients from the international Bethune peace hospital were included.The concentration of CTX in GCF was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The plague indexe(PL),gingival indexe(GI),probing depth(PD)and attachment loss (AL)level were recorded at clinic.The correla-tion of CTX concentration and clinic indexes was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS 1 1 .0 software.Results:The Spearman correlation coefficient of PL,GI,PD and AL with CTX was 0.386(P <0.01 ),0.366(P <0.05),0.382(P <0.05)and 0.31 4(P <0.05)respectively.Conclusion:PL,GI,PD and AL are positively correlated with the concentration of CTX in GCF(P <0.05).

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or Glucose in U937 macrophages, and explore the role of NF-κB in modulating of LOX-1 expression. Methods U937 macrophages were treated with PMA to induce differentiation, which were co-cultured with 50 mg/L ox-LDL or/and 25 mmol/L glucose. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and simvastatin (1 μmol/L or 10 μmol/L) were used to treat cells. The expression of LOX-1 protein and NF-κB ac- tivity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. The expression of LOX-1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Results The expression of LOX-1 was up regulated by ox-LDL, glucose and combination of both. The inhibitor of NF-κB PDTC suppressed this up-regulation. Simvastatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, and showed a significant effect in the higher concentration. There was no significant effect of simvastatin on the expression of LOX-1 induced by glucose. The variation of NF-κB activity was similar to that of LOX-1 expression. Conclusion Simvas- tatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, while no significant effect on the expression of LOX-1 in- duced by glucose. The expression and regulation of LOX-1 were related with NF-κB pathway.

ObjectiveTo analyze literature on acupuncture-related adverse events published in periodicals in Science Citation Index (SCI) and Medllars Online(Medline).MethodsWe searched the Web of Science database and the Medline database to identify articles about the safety of acupuncture therapy.Case reports,case series,surveys and other observational studies were included if they reported factual data,but review articles,translations and clinical trials were excluded.ResultsFindings:The inclusion criteria were met by 232 articles that in total reported on 389 cases of adverse events after acupuncture.Conclusion Acupuncture therapy is relatively safe,most acupuncture-related adverse events can be avoided by standardized clinical practice.Establishment of acupuncture medical safety standard system is extremely urgent.