Objective To provide technical support and scientific basis for establishing the evaluation index system for rural area in Chongqing city .Methods We formulated first draft of evaluation index system and then used the Delphi method to analyse this draft based on expert evaluation .Evaluation index system were established after second operation .Results “Familiarity ,security , effectiveness ,economy ,simplification ,the number of cases ,equipment and suitability for popularization and application”were finally taken as indexes of evaluation index system .Conclusion Useing Delphi expert consultation method ,we could establish a reasonable evaluation index system of Chongqing city .

Objective To discuss the treatment efficacy of washing pulmonary alveoli with the bronchoscopy in treatment of stroke with severe pneumonia in elderly patients. Methods 168 patients were collected in the study, they were divided into treatment group with bronchoscopy (110 cases) and treatment group with conventional method (58cases) . patients in the treatment group with bronchoscopy were given conventional therapy and suctioning sputum with suction tube, at the same time, the suctioning sputum and diluted with the appropriate antibiotic-sensitive local bronchoalveolar lavage were applied 1-2 times per week. Results PaO2 was higher after bronchoscopic therapy. In addition,PaCO2 ( <0.05), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) was lower after treatment (<0.05) . Compared with treatment group with conventional method,PaO2 was improved,the RR and HR was lower in the treatment group with bronchoscopy ( <0.05) . Furthermore, the absorptive time of inflammation by Chest film and the death rate was reduced ( <0.05) . Conclusion For elderly patients with stroke with severe pneumonia,washing pulmonary alveoli with the bronchoscopy may possess positive roles to control lung infection and to improve respiratory function in the basis of conventional therapy and suctioning sputum with suction tube.

Adult ; Atrioventricular Block ; complications ; Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoidosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Cancer is considered as one of the major diseases endangering human health in the world, it is urgent to find a safer and more efficient treatment for cancer therapy. Gene therapy with ribonucleic acid (RNA) drugs could regulate the expression of tumor related genes, and exhibit good anti-tumor therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Based on the differences between tumor tissues and normal tissues in microenvironment signal characteristics such as pH, specific enzyme concentration or redox gradient, various microenvironment responsive nanocarriers had been studied and developed to deliver RNA drugs to tumor tissues and cells, improving the anti-tumor efficacy of RNA drugs and reducing toxic and side effects. This paper reviews the pathophysiological characteristics of tumor microenvironment and various strategies of tumor microenvironment responsive nanocarriers, in order to provide reference for the design of safe and efficient RNA drug delivery system for cancer therapy.

Objective To detect the sperm apoptosis rate and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seminal plasma and explore their correlation among infertile males. Methods Ninety-two inferitile males were divided into varicocele (VC) group (n=32), leukocytospermia group(n=30) and the other cause group (n=30), and another 24 in vitro fertilization sperm samples were sereved as controls. The routine sperm parameters including seminal pH, sperm viability and sperm density were examined by computer assisted sperm analysis, the sperm apoptosis rate was asseseed using Annexin V/PI staining, and the ROS level in seminal plasma was detected by TBA method. The differences in seminal parameters between three infertile groups and control group were compared, and the correlation of sperm apoptosis rate with level of ROS in seminal plasma was explored in each group. Results The sperm viability of three infertile groups was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01). The sperm apoptosis rates and levels of ROS in seminal plasma in VC group and leukocytospermia group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The sperm apoptosis rate was positively correlated with the level of ROS in seminal plasma in leukocytospermia group(r=0. 573, P < 0.05). Conclusion The increased sperm apoptosis rate and level of seminal plasma ROS may be related to the infertility of patients with VC and leukocytospermia. The increased level of seminal plasma ROS may be one of the causes of increased sperm apoptosis rate in patients with leukocytospermia.

Aged ; Diastole ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; physiopathology ; therapy

Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy

Amyloidosis ; complications ; pathology ; Heart Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To prepare Exosomes secreted by mouse hepatoma cell (H_(22)) and heat stressed Exosomes (HS-Exo) derived from heat stress-treated mouse hepatoma cell (H_(22)), in order to study the possible anti-tumor immune mechanism. Methods Exosomes and HS-Exo were purified by serial ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradiant centrifugation, and were observed and identified by electron microscope. The components and production of the protein and the effects of the host immune response against hepatocellular carcinoma of HS-Exo were observed by using Exosomes as the control. Their immunological factors were detected by Western blot. Lymphocyte proliferation and specific cytotoxic activity of mouse splenic cells were determined by MTT. CD4~+ and CD8~+ lymphocytes infiltration in mouse tumor tissues immunized by both were analysed by immunohistochemical staining. Results HS-Exo was similar in morphology to the Exosomes, the important immune-ralated protein expressed in HS-Exo was increased (P<0.05). HS-Exo immunized mouse group showed more effective inhibition of tumor growth, better-induced lymphocyte proliferation,more significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes, as well as a more prominent role in tumor therapy than Exosomes immunized mouse control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Heat stress treatment method for the preparation of HS-Exo was feasible. HS-Exo had a stronger role in the immuneactivity and tumor treatment than control Exosomes.

Objective:To explore the damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier of septic rats by the activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and the role of Ulinastatin (UTI) on the expression of intestinal nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in septic rats.Methods:According to the random number table method, 64 male Wistar rats were divided into sham operation group (Sham group), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, UTI treatment group (100 kU/kg UTI was intraperitoneally injected 1, 6, 12 and 18 hours after CLP), and UTI pretreatment group (100 kU/kg UTI was given 1 hour before CLP), with 16 rats in each group. The survival of rats was observed after 24 hours, and the blood was collected from abdominal aorta at 24 hours after modeling, then rats were killed and their ileum tissues were taken. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe histopathological changes and Chiu score. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression of NF-κB p65 in intestinal tissue was detected by Western blotting. The expression of intestinal tight junction proteins Claudin-1, Occludin and the inflammasome NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with Sham group, the 24-hour survival rate of CLP group was significantly reduced. Histopathological results showed that the CLP group had severe edema of mucosa and submucosal stroma with obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells and disordered villi arrangement. Some glands were incomplete, and the villus structure was severely damaged. The Chiu score was significantly increased. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, I-FABP in serum and the protein expression of NF-κB p65 in intestinal tissue were significantly increased. The positive expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC were also significantly increased. However, the positive expression of tight junction protein in small intestine tissue such as Occludin and Claudin-1 were significantly reduced. It suggested that when sepsis occurs, small intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction happens, and mucosal permeability increases, while tight junction protein expression decreases, NLRP3 inflammasome and its upstream molecule NF-κB p65 were activated. After UTI treatment and UTI pretreatment intervention, although there was no significant difference in 24-hour survival compared with CLP group (62.5%, 68.8% vs. 43.8%, both P > 0.05), the intestinal tissue damage of septic rats was significantly improved. Specifically: Chiu score and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, I-FABP in serum were significantly decreased [Chiu score: 3.37±0.25, 3.23±0.16 vs. 4.08±0.13, TNF-α (ng/L): 147.62±20.74, 140.71±24.81 vs. 222.82±16.84, IL-1β (ng/L): 80.64±5.68, 78.11±4.75 vs. 133.73±3.92, I-FABP (μg/L): 38.29±3.60, 35.88±4.52 vs. 59.81±4.66, all P < 0.05]; the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased (NF-κB p65/β-actin: 0.65±0.10, 0.69±0.11 vs. 0.99±0.10, both P < 0.05), the positive expressions of Claudin-1 and Occludin in the small intestine tissue were increased [Claudin-1 positive expression area: (19.43±3.08)%, (23.99±6.27)% vs. (7.77±2.03)%; Occludin positive expression area: (19.58±4.75)%, (23.28±3.68)% vs. (11.69±4.30)%, all P < 0.05], while the positive expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC were decreased [NLRP3 positive expression area: (7.80±3.14)%, (6.86±2.63)% vs. (14.44±3.68)%; caspase-1 positive expression area: (10.62±3.52)%, (9.49±3.09)% vs. (26.69±8.05)%; ASC positive expression area: (9.95±2.81)%, (10.53±3.61)% vs. (24.16±5.48)%, all P < 0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in the improvement effect between UTI treatment group and UTI pretreatment group.Conclusions:Intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the intestinal mucosa. The protective effect of UTI in the intestinal mucosa may be related to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the intestinal mucosa, but UTI pretreatment has no obvious advantage compared with UTI treatment.