Objective To evaluate the potential utility of temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) in detecting homoplasmic and heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in patients with cancers. Methods The entire mtDNA of tumor and corresponding normal tissues from total 117 patients were amplified by PCR, and the somatic mutations were screened by TTGE. DNA fragments showing different band patterns in normal and tumor tissues in TTGE were sequened to identify the exact mutations. Results 160 fragments harbouring mtDNA mutations were found by TTGE in total 3 654 fragments. Compared with the direct squencing results, the sensitivity and specificity of TTGE in mutation detection were 96.27% and 94.05% respectively. Conclusion TTGE is an effective method for screening acquired homoplasmic mitochondrial gene mutation and its different percentage.

Objective: To study the effects of betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) cationic liposomes on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure ( BP) and heart rate ( HR) in rabbits to lay foundation for the development of new BH eye preparations. Methods:N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC60) was used as the coating material, the BH-loaded cationic liposomes (TMC60-BHL) were prepared. Total-ly 24 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups using number method. Unilateral carotid artery intubation was carried out in the rabbits and connected a physiological recorder. TMC60-BHL, uncoated BHL, the marketed BH eye drops ( the positive control) and sterilized distilled water ( the negative control) with the volume of 50 μl was respectively used in one eye of the rabbits. IOP was detected by an ophthalmotonometer, and BP and HR were determined by the physiological recorder at the predetermined time intervals. Results:In the ipsilateral eyes, the maximum decrease in IOP for uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was 23. 00% and 26. 65%, respec-tively. In the contralateral eyes, the maximum decrease in IOP for uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was 18. 54% and 24. 33%, respec-tively. Compared with that of the positive control (19. 01%,15. 19%), the IOP decrease effect of uncoated BHL and TMC60-BHL was significant higher(P<0. 05), and that of TMC60-BHL was the highest(P<0. 05). BP and HR were both reduced in the various BH groups, while there was no notable difference when compared with those in the negative group(P>0. 05). Conclusion:TMC60-BHL shows significant IOP decrease effect without notable effect on BP and HR, which is valuable to be studied further.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly changed the pattern and natural history of ocular diseases of HIV-infected patients, resulting from the immune recovery and reduction of opportunistic infections. However, ophthalmic complica-tion continues to be concern in AIDS even in the HAART era, especially in developing areas, where absolute majority of HIV-positive patients live. Lack of test facilities and experience, poor conditions of hygiene, different microbiological environment, absence of effective treatment etc., characterize the ophthalmic manifestation of HIV-infected patients in developing countries from that in developed regions and thus pose a great challenge to the ophthalmic treatment in developing area. Not only varied from region to region, ocular complications are distinctive between adults and children. At the same time, the side effects due to the application of HAART pose their own risks of ocular complication and should, therefore, be given more research attention.

Objective:To study the effect of molecular weight and degree of substitution (DS) of chitosan-poly-arginine (CS-R9) on transdermal penetration enhancement in vitro. Methods:Low molecular CS, medium molecular CS or high molecular CS was respectively used to synthesize CS-R9 with different molecular weight (LCS-R9-1, MCS-R9 and HCS-R9). Low molecular CS was used to synthesize CS-R9 with various degree of substitution by changing the mole ratio between R9 and CS (LCS-R9-1, LCS-R9-2 and LCS-R9-3). The in vitro transdermal penetration enhancement of the different CS-R9 on tinidazole ( TNZ) was studied using Franz diffusion cells. Results:According to the results of FTIR and 1 H-NMR, a series of target CS-R9 were synthesized including LCS-R9-1 with the DS of 2. 30, MCS-R9 with the DS of 2. 17, HCS-R9 with the DS of 2. 20, LCS-R9-2 with the DS of 8. 05 and LCS-R9-3 with the DS of 15. 87. Compared with the blank control group, Azone group, LCS group, R9 group and LCS+R9 group, LCS-R9-1 could enhance the in vitro transdermal penetration of TNZ significantly (P<0. 05). When the DS was unchanged, LCS-R9-1 and HCS-R9 showed similar enhancement in the first 12h, and the effects were both higher than that of MCS-R9 (P<0. 05). The enhancement of HCS-R9 was decreased during 12-24h, while compared with that of LCS-R9-1, the difference was not notable (P>0. 05). When the molecular weight of CS was unchanged, the effect was increased with the rise of DS in the first 21h, however, after that, the effect was decreased with the rise of DS. Conclusion:Molecular weight and DS both have significant effect on the in vitro transdermal penetration enhancement of CS-R9, and it is valuable to further study the in vivo transdermal penetration enhancement of CS-R9 and underlying mechanisms.

Objective To explore the effection of four types of surgery for the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy . Methods 148 cases of with adenoid hypertrophy treated in our hospital between April 2012 and April 2015 were chose;they were randomly divided into 4 groups ,each group of 37 people .A group of patients with adenoid hypertrophy were taken traditional ade‐noidectomy curettage;Group B with nasal endoscopic adenoidectomy and cutting aspiration biopsy ;Group C by adenoidectomy shave their + residual endoscopic adenoidectomy bit cut method combined treatment ;Group D with nasal endoscopic adenoidectomy plas‐ma cutting treatment .The curative effect ,operation time ,blood loss were observed ;patients were followed‐up for half a year ,ade‐noidectomy residual rate and complications of each group were compared .Results The total effective rate of B ,C ,D three groups were significantly higher in group A patients (χ2 =7 .731 ,5 .045 ,7 .731 ,P<0 .05) ,the efficient between three groups was not sta‐tistically different (P>0 .05) .B ,C ,D three groups of operation time is significantly higher than A group of patients (t=5 .819 , 5 .829 ,2 .759 ,P<0 .05);B and C group had long operation time than group D (t=3 .555 ,3 .637 ,P<0 .05);But operation time of B and C had no significant difference between the two groups (t=0 .149 ,P>0 .149) .Bleeding of B and C group were significantly higher than group A (t=9 .305 ,4 .126 ,P<0 .05);Group D was significantly lower than A ,B ,C three group (t=8 .054 ,16 .559 , 12 .837 ,P<0 .05);Group C and group B was significantly higher than the bleeding (t=5 .739 ,P<0 .05) .Retention rate of group A is significantly higher than the other three groups (χ2 =31 .308 ,31 .308 ,24 .667 ,P<0 .05) ,the residual rate of B ,C ,B group were lower ,there was no statistically significant difference(P> 0 .05) .Complication rates between the four groups was no statistical difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion we should choose the right means of surgical treatment according to patients condition and eco‐nomic situation to .

Objective ① To investigate the level of the vitamin D endocrine system in peripheral relationships with bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease activity respectively. Methods The level of the 25-hydroxylate vitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)D3] in plasma from 43 SLE patients and 44 normal controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression was determinied by real-time PCR in peripheral blood. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. The relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the bone mass were studied. We also discussed the relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity. Results The levels of 25OHD3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls (P<0.01, P<0.01). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in initial SLE compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of osteopenia (35%) at both sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients were divided into two groups by BMD, abnormal group and normal group. There were no differences in 25OHD3, 1,25 (OH)D3 and VDR gene expression (P0.05). There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and BMD in initial SLE patients. There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity either. Conclusion Vitamin D endocrine system may play an important role in SLE, but the level of VDR gene is not correlated with BMD and disease activity.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of an outbreak of tsutsugamushi disease in Taizhou region of Jiangsu Province,and to clarify new changes of endemic focus of tsutsugamushi disease in Jiangsu Province.Methods The definition of tsutsugamushi infected cases was determined,field epidemiological investigation with analysis of clinical features and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results to diagnose tsutsugamushi disease were combined.Some of the positive samples were conducted genotyping by amplification and sequencing.Results The outbreak occurred from October to November,2011.The endemic focus located on the plain with humid climate and abundant rainfall.Fifteen cases of tsutsugamushi disease were found,including 6 PCR confirmed cases,5 clinically diagnosed cases,and 4 suspected cases.The main clinical symptoms were fever in 15 cases,skin rash in 14 cases,lymphadenectasis in 3 cases,skin eschar or ulcer in 12 cases,and liver dysfunction in 3 cases.None of the patients developed severe complications,and all recovered rapidly after the treatment.Comparing the sequencing results of positive samples with standard strains,the homology of base sequences was 99.00％ with that of Kawasaki.Conclusions The outbreak of tsutsugamushi disease in Jiangsu Province in 2011 is of autumn type in transitional endemic focus,and the pathogen is Kawasaki Orientia tsutsugamushi.

The quality control and evaluation methods of Schizonepeta tenuifolia were established by HPLC fingerprint, multi index component content determination and chemical pattern recognition to provide basis for the quality control of medicinal materials. The chemical components of 25 batches of Schizonepeta tenuifolia panicle medicinal materials and decoction pieces collected were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the common pattern of fingerprint was established. A total of 22 common chromatographic peaks were calibrated, and their similarity was more than 0.9. The samples were divided into three categories according to different producing areas by cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were consistent. Finally, five differential markers of different batches of Schizonepeta tenuifolia were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Through the identification of the reference substance, it was determined that peak 9 was hesperidin, peak 10 was rosmarinic acid, peak 13 was tilianin, peak 14 was quercetin, and peak 20 was pulegone. The quality evaluation method established in this study is stable and reliable, and is suitable for the quality control of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.

The 1H-NMR fingerprints of three different species tibetan medicine sea buckthorn were established by 1H-HMR metabolomics to find out different motablism which could provide a new method for the quality evaluation of sea buckthorn. The obtained free induction decay (FID) signal will be imported into MestReNova software and into divide segments. The data will be normalized and processed by principal component analysis and.partial least squares discriminant analysis to perform pattern recognition. The results showed that 25 metabolites belonging to different chemical types were detected from sea buckthorn,including flavonoids, triterpenoids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc. PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed three different varietiest of sea buckthorn that can be clearly separated by the content of L-quebrachitol, malic acid and some unidentified sugars, which can be used as the differences metabolites of three species of sea buckthorn. 1H-NMR-based metabonomies method had a holistic characteristic with sample preparation and handling. The results of this study can offer an important reference for the species identification and quality control of sea buckthorn.
Hippophae ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Metabolomics

OBJECTIVETo observe the application effect of minimally invasive decompression, bone graft implantation and metal trabecular bone reconstruction system for early stage osteonecrosis of femoral head and discuss the treatment of hip-salvage operation in early stage osteonecrosis of femoral head;

METHODSFrom January 2010 to June 2011, 50 patients (62 hips) Which were osteonecrosis of femoral head of early stake,were treated with minimally invasive decompression, bone graft implantation and metal trabecular bone reconstruction system, including 31 males (40 hips), 19 females (22 hip) with an average age of 36.2 years old ranging from 22 to 54 years old. The course of disease was from 6 to 15 months (averaged 10.5 months). Among them, 19 cases (23 hips) were steroid-induced, 25 cases (33 hips) were alcohol-induced, 6 cases (6 hips) were idiopathic; According to ARCO stage, 28 hips were at stage I, 34 hips were at stage II. All of them were diagnosed as femoral head necrosis by imaging examination before operation. Then each patient was followed to assess by Harris hip score, curative effect, and conduct the femoral head survival analysis during the postoperation.

RESULTSAll patients had finished operation, the operation time was between 30 and 85 min, intraoperative blood loss was 50 to 220 ml, and 47 cases (58 hips) were follow-up from 24 to 46 months with an average of 34.05 months. As compared with preoperative, the Harris hip score at the last follow-up was improved, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The Harris hip score, curative effect and survival time of femoral head in ARCO stage I was superior to these in ARCO Stage II, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEffect of minimally invasive decompression,bone graft implantation combine with the metal trabecular bone reconstruction system for early stage osteonecrosis of femoral head was good,it could significantly improve the Harris hip score, increase the femoral head survival time, delay the hip replacement, and performance better in ARCO stage I.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Femur Head ; injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostheses and Implants ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult