Objective To standardize the method of microbiological examination on Shegan Mixture in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 was used. Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test were used to verify Shegan Mixture. The samples were treated by membrane filtration. Six kinds of strains for microbiological counting and limiting bacteria were used to study applicability. Results Microbial counts of the five strains of the recovery ratio were between 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli tested by control bacteria was qualified. Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for Shegan Mixture can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.

The object of this study is to preparate the berberine hydrochloride (BBH) resin compound with taste masking effect. We took the BBH as the model drug and Amberlite IRP69 as the drug carriers, uncovered the curve of solubility of BBH in different cosolvent with a certain range of temperature, and then used it to calculate the parameters during the preparation of the complex such as adding quantity of BBH and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, the characteristic and in vitro release experiments were studied to verify the formation and predict the in vivo release behavior of the complex. The results showed that in the condition of using 60% ethanol as a cosolvent and stirring at 50 ℃ for 1 h, the drug loading and drug availability of the complex are at about 35% and 64%, respectively, and has a better taste-masking effect. In this study, a method was provided for preparing a taste-masking preparation of BBH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline ; Lens, Crystalline ; surgery ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Vitrectomy ; methods

BACKGROUND:Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly(WJCs)display the characteristics of MSCs as defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy.They can be differentiated into bone,cartilage,adipose,muscle,and neural cells.They can also support the expansion of other stem cells,be weli-tolerated by the immune system,and have the ability to home to tumors.OBJECTIVE:To investigate biological changes of WJCs and brain tumor stem cells(BTSCs)co-cultured in vitro.METHODS:WJCs cultured by situ cultivation and BTSCs used enzyme digestion way respectively,and gathering the 3rd passage of WJCs though subculturing as well as BTSCs.Two kinds of cells co-cultured in 24-well plates in serum-free medium (SFM)without any growth factor.3 and 7 days after co-cultured respectively,CD133 expression of suspension cells in the 24-well plates were identified by flow cytometry,and immunofluorescence was performed for Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)expression of adherent cells.Co-culture supernatant(CCS)re-suspended 3~(rd) passage of BTSCs and cultured into 96-well plates at day 3,which were used to determine the difference in cell growth curve in both groups using a microplate reader.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the cocultivation days increasing,the phenomenon that tumor sphere cells began to be decomposed,adherent and differentiated observed by an inverted microscope.BTSCs in the co-cultured group expressed GFAP and Nestin when adherent and differentiated.The higher degree of malignant brain tumor tissue used in culturing BTSCs was,the higher expression of CD133 in BTSCs was.CD 133~+ in BTSCs declined when co-cultured with WJCs.Growth curve of brain tumor stem cells cultured in CCS compared with in SFM at day 3,which indicates that the proliferation of BTSCs inhibited obviously.Results indicated that CD 133~+ expression and proliferative capacity of BTSCs went down and BTSCs underwent differentiation during the co-culture in vitro.

Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa(turmeric,Jiang Huang), which has more than 6000 years of application history in India and other Asian countries. At present,curcumin is sold as an herbal supplement,cosmetics ingredient,food flavoring,and food coloring. In China curcumin is mainly used in food, while in western countries it has been regarded as a health care product and is contained in the British Pharmacopoeia (2017), United States Pharmacopeia (40) and European Pharmacopoeia (8.7th ed.). Curcumin has been proved to have multiple pharmacology effects including anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation effects and so on. As its broad biological activities, it is applicated in a lot of diseases such as hyperlipidemia, infection and cancer. Among them, the anti-cancer effect of curcumin is the most attractive. In the treatment of cancer and related diseases, curcumin has been tested in phase I and II clinical trials in several research centers across the world and has been approved by the U.S.FDA into the phase III clinical trial.It has been listed as the third generation of cancer chemoprevention agent by the U.S.National Cancer Institute.Curcumin has been proved to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells through regulating a variety of tran-scription factors(NF-κB,AP-1,etc),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),growth factor receptor ki-nase(PDGFR,VEGFR,etc)and cyclooxygenase.It plays an important role in the cell cycle and further to inhibit proliferation.Curcumin can also inhibit the migration of tumor cells by activating caspase and in-ducing tumor cell apoptosis.However,curcumin still needs researches to confirm its effects and mecha-nisms and find its exact indications. There is still a long way to go to make curcumin better applied in clinical practice in the further.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children aged 5 or above with stage 3/4 neuroblastoma ( NB).Method Among 180 children with NB admitted from March 2007 to June 2015, 54 were aged 5 or above with stage 3 or 4.The clinical characteristics , therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of above 54 cases were analyzed.Results There were 36 boys and 18 girls with a male to female ratio of 2∶1.The most common of primary site was retroperitoneum (41/54, 75.5%), followed by mediastinum (10/54,18.5%), spine and pelvic cavity (3/545,6%).After treated by average 9 cycles of chemotherapy , 34 cases ( 63%) achieved complete remission ( CR ) , 13 ( 24.1%) achieved partial remission (PR), 5 (9.3%) presented disease progression (DP), and 2 died (3.7%).Patients were followed up for median 30 months ( 8 -99 months ) , 24 cases died and 30 survived with a overall survival (OS) rate of 55.6%.In 30 survival cases, there were 23 cases (76.7%) of event-free survival (EFS) ,and 6 cases (20.0%) of PR and 1 case (3.3%) of DP.There were significant differences in prognosis among patients with different responses to first therapy (χ2 =8.963, P =0.003 ).Among 20 children with stage 4 NB treated by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation ( APBSCT ) , 13 cases died and 7 survived with an average survival time of (73.55 ±8.89)months.Among 29 cases without APBSCT, 11 cases died and 18 survived with an average survival time of(40.19 ±5.52)months.There was no significant difference in survival between APBSCT and no-APBSCT.Conclusion Children aged 5 or above with NB tend to have advanced stage , relapse and long treatment cycle , but the survival still can be improved with the appropriate treatment .

Objective To investigate the effects of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) on the myocardial cells of mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hyperuricemia (HUA), and clarify the mechanism thereof. Methods The mouse cardiac myocytes (MCM) cultured with 25mmol/L high glucose (HG) medium were divided into two groups: HG plus 300μmol/L sodium palmitate for 18 hours as high glucose and high fat (HG+HF) group, and HG+HF plus 1500μmol/L uric acid (UA) for 18 hours as HG+HF+HUA group. Then the myocardial cells in HG+HF+HUA group, by use or not use UCP2 inhibitor genipin, were further divided into two groups: vehicle group and genipin group. In order to verify the mechanism of UCP2 in myocardial cells injury caused by high glucose, high lipid and high uric acid, the myocardial cells were divided again into genipin group and genipin+N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group. Accordingly, the apoptosis of myocardial cells were measured by flow cytometry at specific time, the mRNA and protein expressions of UCP2 were determined by q-PCR and Western blotting, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DHE staining and ELISA. Results The apoptosis rate of myocardial cells increased obviously, and the expression levels of UCP2 decreased and of ROS elevated significantly in HG+HF+HUA group than in HG+HF group (P<0.05). As the expression levels of UCP2 decreased by genipin intervention, the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells and ROS level in HG+HF+HUA group increased more obviously (P<0.05). In contrast, such an effect was reversed by the application of antioxidants NAC (P<0.05). Conclusion UCP2 can inhibit oxidative stress and alleviate the apoptosis of myocardial cells induced by high glucose, high fat and high uric acid.

Objective: To explore the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes of intrauterine subchorionic hematoma and retroplacental hematoma. Methods: From May 2016 to May 2018, in the Fourth Hospital of Xi′an City, 110 cases of intrauterine hematoma were selected in the middle of pregnancy, including 52 cases of subchorionic hemaloma (group A) and 58 cases of retroplacental hematoma (group B). The clinical features and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: The volume of hematoma in group B was significantly smaller than that in group A [(8.8 ± 1.7) cm³ vs. (18.3 ± 2.0) cm³], the gestational weeks of group B was also significantly lower than that of group A [(35.2 ± 2.1) weeks vs. (38.4 ± 1.8) weeks], the full-term pregnancy rate in group B was lower than that in group A[56.9%(33/58) vs. 84.6%(44/52)], miscarriage rate and premature birth rate were higher than those in group A [20.7%(12/58) vs. 5.8%(3/52), 22.4%(13/58) vs. 7.7%(4/52)], and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).The incidence of fetal distress in group B was higher than that in group A [17.4%(8/46) vs. 2.0%(1/49)], the incidence of fetal membrane rupture, placental abnormality, and placental residue was all higher than that in group A[41.3%(19/46) vs.10.2%(5/49), 37.0%(17/46)vs.12.2%(6/49), 28.3%(13/46) vs. 6.1%(3/49)], and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The neonatal body mass in group B was lower than that in group A [(3 091.7 ± 887.6) g vs. (3 457.6 ± 560.2) g], and the incidence of neonatal diseases was higher than that of group A [15.2%(7/46) vs. 2.0%(1/49)], and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The volume of hematoma and gestational weeks of intrauterine retroplacental hematoma are lower than those of subchorionic hematoma, and the retroplacental hematoma is more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes.

In the treatment of hypertensive crisis, the novel Rho kinase inhibitor DL0805-2 can rapidly lower systematic blood pressure, reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and has a significant protective effect on lung injury. This experiment intends to evaluate the efficacy of DL0805-2 against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and preliminarily reveals its underlying mechanism. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into DL0805-2 low, medium, and high dose groups (1, 3, and 10 mg·kg^-1), bosentan positive control group, model group, and blank control group. The drug was administered daily on the 7th day after model establishment by monocrotaline injection. On the 25th day of the experiment, relevant indicators were examined to observe the therapeutic effect of DL0805-2 on pulmonary hypertension. DL0805-2 significantly relieved the abnormal changes in the physiological parameters related to PAH induced by monocrotaline, including reducing right ventricular systolic pressure, alleviating cardiac damage caused by pressure overload, and reducing the levels of endothelin-1 and inflammatory factors in lung tissues. DL0805-2 also attenuated pulmonary arteries remodeling. It was preliminarily discovered that DL0805-2 exerts preventive and therapeutic effect on PAH through Rho-kinase pathway. Our results suggested that DL0805-2 had good therapeutic effects on monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model. It intervened early in the disease process, effectively prevented the development of the disease, and reduced the mortality of the diseased animals. The mechanism is related to Rho-kinase pathway.

This study investigated the effect of puerarin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injured with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). HUVEC were divided into three groups: a control group, a model group (H₂O₂ 400 μmol·L^-1) and a puerarin-treated group (3, 10, 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1). HUVEC were cultured with varied concentration of puerarin for 2 h and treated with H₂O₂ for another 24 h. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 fluorescent probe. A transwell chamber assay was adopted to observe cell migration ability. Mitochondrial respiratory function was measured in a two-chamber titration injection respirometer (Oxygraph-2k). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of pyroptosis-mediated proteins, including cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), N-gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) was detected by Western blot. The results show that 400 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h causes obvious damage to HUVEC. Compared with the model group, puerarin protected against cellular injury in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest effect at a dose of 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1. Puerarin significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial function. Puerarin inhibited cell migration induced by H₂O₂, suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and down-regulated the pyroptosis-mediated protein. These changes are statistically significant (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that puerarin has a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of HUVEC by inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells. The mechanism may be related to improved mitochondrial respiratory function and inhibition of pyroptosis.