Adenoidectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

In order to assess the effect of long-term versus short-term intravesical chemotherapy in preventing the recurrence of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we searched several databases with words as mesh terms and free text words to find all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the comparison of the two strategies of instillation durations. "Observed-Expected events research (O-E)" and "Variance (V)" for calculating hazard ratio (HR) were used in Revman 5.2 software recommended by Cochrane Collabration for data analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were selected to minish heterogeneity. GRADEpro 3.6 profile recommended by Cochrane Collabration was employed for quality assessment of analyses. Finally, 13 eligible RCTs with 4216 patients were included in this review and 16 comparisons from 13 trials were involved for analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between long-term and short-term duration [HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.89, 1.11), P=0.89]. Within the subgroup analysis, patients benefited from long-term instillations with a start regimen of one immediate instillation [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.69, 1.00), P=0.05]. But patients were not suitable to receive long-term instillations with epirubicin (EPI) [HR=1.01, 95% CI (0.91, 1.13), P=0.78]. The progression rate was not reduced after long-term instillations [HR=0.96, 95% CI (0.66, 1.39), P=0.82]. From our results, patients should not receive introvesical chemotherapy more than half a year. In contrast, patients with one immediate instillation are preferred to have a long-term duration at least one year. Long-term instillations can not reduce the progression rate.

Non-pharmacological recommendations for osteoporosis prevention are based on lifestyle measures to reduce bone loss and modify factors that can influence fracture risk. Lifestyle measures include smoking cessation, avoidance of heavy alcohol, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, exercise, and counselling on fall prevention. Calcium from dietary intake if adequate will not need supplementation; however vitamin D supplementation is usually required. The target of calcium 1000mg and 800iu of vitamin D daily are advised.

In order to assess the effect of long-term versus short-term intravesical chemotherapy in preventing the recurrence of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we searched several databases with words as mesh terms and free text words to find all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the comparison of the two strategies of instillation durations. "Observed-Expected events research (O-E)" and "Variance (V)" for calculating hazard ratio (HR) were used in Revman 5.2 software recommended by Cochrane Collabration for data analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were selected to minish heterogeneity. GRADEpro 3.6 profile recommended by Cochrane Collabration was employed for quality assessment of analyses. Finally, 13 eligible RCTs with 4216 patients were included in this review and 16 comparisons from 13 trials were involved for analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between long-term and short-term duration [HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.89, 1.11), P=0.89]. Within the subgroup analysis, patients benefited from long-term instillations with a start regimen of one immediate instillation [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.69, 1.00), P=0.05]. But patients were not suitable to receive long-term instillations with epirubicin (EPI) [HR=1.01, 95% CI (0.91, 1.13), P=0.78]. The progression rate was not reduced after long-term instillations [HR=0.96, 95% CI (0.66, 1.39), P=0.82]. From our results, patients should not receive introvesical chemotherapy more than half a year. In contrast, patients with one immediate instillation are preferred to have a long-term duration at least one year. Long-term instillations can not reduce the progression rate.
Administration, Intravesical ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy ; methods ; trends ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective: To observe the intestinal viral shedding time in patients with hand, food and mouth disease (HFMD) induced by coxsackievirus A6 (CA6). Method: Throat swab specimens and stool specimens of HFMD children were collected from those admitted to Hangzhou Children′s Hospital between May and October 2015, while fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the viral load.Eeighteen cases of HFMD children were followed up, who were confirmed as CA6 infection via laboratory tests.Stool specimen was collected every 4-7 days, and fluorescence PCR was used for virus nucleic acid detection until the stool viral nucleic acids of infected children turned to be negative.The intestinal virus shedding time of CA6-infected HFMD was compared with the intestinal virus shedding time of 65 children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection and 44 children with coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) infection of the previous studies (from May to September 2012). Result: The median stool viral load was 25×10⁵ copies/ml (55×10⁴ copies/mL, 9×10⁶ copies/ml) in CA6-infected children.The numbers of stool virus nucleic acid turning negative were 0 case, 4 cases, 9 cases, 3 cases and 2 cases in 18 children at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th weeks. At 5th week, the stool virus nucleic acid of children in CA6 group all turned to be negative.The positive rates of stool virus nucleic acid in EV71 group and CA16 group at the 5th week, however, were 31% and 27% respectively.There were statistically significant differences in distribution of positive rate of stool virus nucleic acid between CA6 infected children with EV71 and CA16 infected children (χ²=13.894, 10.698, P<0.05). Conclusion The longest intestinal virus shedding time for CA6-infected HFMD children was 5 weeks, which is obviously shorter than that of EV71- infected children and CA16-infected children.

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell-to-cell interactions, metabolism and development control. The misregulation, post-translational modification and interference of PPI are related to a variety of human diseases, making the regulation of these interactions a very attractive field of drug discovery. In recent years, the interaction between MDM2 and p53 has become a research hotspot, which plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. But unfortunately there are no such inhibitors approved all over the world. In this view, recent advances of MDM2-p53 inhibitors were briefly described and its inhibitors with potential therapeutic activities in clinical studies were introduced.

Objective Retrospective analysis was performed on the etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children. The purpose is to raise the diagnosis and cure rate of the disease. Methods All patients were hospitalized in Children's Hospital from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2007. Among of them, 245 cases were male and 133 cases were female. The median age was 4 months (range from 12 hours to 30 months). All the patients had chest X-ray examination. Two hundred and eighteen cases received chest CT scan, video laryngoscope, direct laryngoscope and bronchofibroscope. Results The diagnosis were as fallows: acute laryngitis (140 cases), laryngomalacia (117 cases), acute laryngotracheal bronchitis (54 cases), vocal cord paralysis (18 cases), congenital tracheomalacia(9 cases), cangenital laryngeal webs (8 cases), congenital cleft of larynx (6 cases), laryngeal cyst(6 cases), laryngeal papilloma (6 cases), acute epiglottitis (4 cases), congenital infraglottic stenosis (3 cases), tracheobronchial foreign body (3 cases), cystis thyrolingualis(1 cases). All cases were cured except congenital tracheomalacia(9 cases), congenital cleft of larynx(6 cases), laryngeal papilloma(6 cases), congenital infraglottic(3 cases). Conclusions The etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children are very complicated. Video laryngoscope is recommended for all cases except for the acute inflammation disease. Chest CT scan and bronchofibrescope may be necessary for some cases.

Gene therapy offers the promise of curing the HIV-infected patients. Specific, potent, and sustained short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene silencing is crucial for the successful application of RNA interference technology to therapeutic interventions. To reduce the probability of viral escape mutants, in this study, we constructed lentiviral vector containing vpr and tat shRNA, respectively, furthermore the bispecific lentiviral vector harboring vpr and tat shRNA expression cassettes from U6 promotor and H1 promotor was cotransfected with recombinant plasmid expressing the vpr and tat gene. The result showed that the bispecific lentiviral vector plvx-vpr-tatshRNA could inhibit the vpr and tat effectively,with ratios of 89.20% and 62.00% respectively. When cotransfected with pNL4-3 in 293T cell, plvx-vpr-tatshRNA showed higher efficacy in down regulating the HIV NL4-3 packaging production than the plvx-vprshRNA or plvx-tatshRNA individually. MT4 cell clones transduced with recombinant lentiviral vectors were screened and challenged with HIV NL4-3. P24 ELISA test showed that MT4 transduced with the combinational lentiviral vector could inhibit virus replication efficiently.
Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV Infections ; therapy ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Gland ; immunology ; Thyrotropin ; blood

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the value of the metastatic to examined lymph nodes (rN) ratio in gastric cancer patients who underwent radical resection.

METHODSIn this retrospective study, data were collected from the medical records of 710 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy (R0) for gastric cancer from 1980 to 2006 in the Department of Surgical Oncology at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the number of examined lymph nodes: Group 1 consisted of 327 patients with <15 examined lymph nodes and Group 2 consisted of 383 patients with ≥15 lymph nodes. rN categories staging and pN categories were divided separately according to the metastatic lymph node ratio and the examined lymph nodes. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate (Log-rank) and multivariate (Cox model) analysis methods.

RESULTSThe median survival time was 74 months (95% CI:55.6-92.4 months) in Group 1 and 96 months (95% CI:77.8-119.2 months) in Group 2, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On multivariate analysis, the N ratio remained as an independent prognostic factor in both Group 1 (P<0.01, RR=1.225, 95% CI:1.102-1.362) and Group 2 (P<0.01, RR=1.421, 95% CI:1.269-1.592). However, pN stage was an independent prognostic factor only in Group 1. When the rN ratio classification was applied, there were no significant differences between each categories (P>0.05). However, the overall survival of patients with pN1 disease in Group 1 was significantly shorter than that in Group 2 according to the pN stage classification (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe metastatic lymph node ratio is an independent prognostic factor of the prognosis of gastric cancer. The staging system based on metastatic lymph node ratio (rN) is more reliable than the system based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the prediction of the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery