It is possible for bone marrow cells,peripheral blood cells,myocardial cells,muscle cells and embryonic stem cells differentiating into smooth muscle progenitor cells(SPCs),which can express special marks of myosin heavy chain.SPCs remained quiescent,until mobilized in response to injury or disease.With various growth factors,cytokines,SPCs are mobilized following physiological stress and subsequently home to site of vascular damage,where they contribute to the remodeling process.Recently,various studies have found that SPCs from different sources contributed to the remodeling process of vessels and development in atherosclerosis.It is generally accepted that SPCs contribute to pathological changes,leads to restenosis.But several recent papers reported findings that injection of SPCs increased collagen and SMC content and reduced macrophage content,consistent with a more stable plaque.SPCs may secrete cytokines and growth factors both locally and systemically that enhance plaque stability.It remains to be determined whether smooth progenitor cells,which are less well studied than their endothelial counterparts,can likewise be manipulated to achieve therapeutic genes benefit.This review has elucidated the origin and distribution of SPCs,mobilization and recruitment,and their roles in cardiac vascular diseases.

Methyltransferase is an important metabolic enzyme whose main function is to catalyze the methylation of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms. It plays an important role in the metabolism of exogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs in vivo. Methyltransferases are widely distributed in different tissues, with the liver and kidneys being the most abundant. In addition, the structure and activity of the enzyme have certain species and individual differences. This article will describe the biological properties of methyltransferases and their role in drug metabolism.

This text involved with a pre-enrichment medium for the simultaneous recovery of Salmonella spp.,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.This medium is named buffered saline broth(BSB),which contains peptone 10g,beef exact 3g,disodium hydrogen phosphate 9g,potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g,additive 50g,deionized water 1 000mL,pH7.2.1cfu per one milliliter of Salmonella spp.,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in saline were stimutaneously added to 97 mL of BSB,buffered peptone water,lactose broth,nutrient broth,Escherichia coli broth,rappaport-vassiliadis enrichment broth,7.5% sodium chloride enrichment medium,respectively,and incubated for 18h at 37℃.The results showed BSB was the best enrichment medium,in which Salmonella spp.,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus multiplied at nearly same speed,and reached at 10~6 、10~6 、10~7 cfu/mL,respectively.Multiplex PCR produced specific amplicons of expected sizes,284bp for Salmonella spp.invA gene,622bp for Escherichia coli phoA gene,484bp for Staphylococcus aureus nuc gene.In contrast,the three bacteria couldn't multiply harmoniously in the other six media.So BSB might be considered as the medium,which could enrich above mentioned three bacteria.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will be homing to the lesions after balloon injury in the inflammatory reaction process.However,the molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to promote BMSC into smooth muscle-like cell remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the BMSC differentiation rate under different TGF-β1 levels after acute vascular injury.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment and in vitro induced cell observation were performed at the SPF Laboratory Animal Center and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering,Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School between January 2008 and May 2009.MATERIALS:A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control and model groups with 12 animals in each group.In addition,6 4-weak-old male SD rats were used to prepare BMSCs.METHODS:Model of acute carotid artery injury was established in model group.Serum of normal control group and model group after 1,3,7 days of injury to detect TGF-β1 level after the vascular injury by ABC-ELISA.The BMSCs after one passage were cultured at a density of (1.0-3.0)×10~5 cells/100 mm in culture dish,and divided into two groups:in routine culture group,cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum;in TGF-β1 group,cells were induced by different concentrations of TGF-β1 (1,3,5 and 10 μg/L) based on routine culture for 1 week.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum TGF-β1 level after the vascular injury;,cell morphological changes by inverted phase contrast microscopy;smooth muscle α-actin expression.RESULTS:The normal serum TGF-β1 level in rat was low,but increased rapidly after 1 day of injury,reached its peak at 3 days,and declined gradually but did not return to the basic level till day 7.After 1 week of induction,BMSCs were confluent,forming peak valley appearance.Immunocytochemistry showed that compared with routine culture,the rate differentiation of smooth muscle-like cell was significantly increased in cells stimulated by TGF-β1,especially 5 and 10 μg/L TGF-β1 (P ＜ 0.01).Real-time quantitative PCR results were similar to immunocytochemistry.CONCLUSION:Serum TGF-β1 level increased after acute vascular injury and peaked at day 3.In vitro,a similar concentration of TGF-β1 could induce cultured BMSC to differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells.

One of the important approaches for further prolonging remission duration and eradicating minimal residual disease in acute leukemia is immunotherapy. Four kinds of immunotherapy for acute leukemia are under investigation: (1) monoclonal antibodies, among them, Mylotarg (cytotoxic antibiotic calicheamicin linked to CD33 Mab) is given for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia with good results, Campath-1H (antiCD52 Mab) is administered in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia and Rituximab (anti-CD20 Mab) in B-PLL with high complete remission rates. Other Mabs under preclinical and clinical trials include anti-IL-2 receptor Mab for the treatment of acute T lymphocytic leukemia, anti-220 kD Mab-6G7 for acute leukemias, recombinant immune toxin BL22 (anti-CD22) for hairy cell leukemia and Mabs labeled with radio-isotopes for different types of acute leukemias; (2) adoptive cellular immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer cell, alloreactive NK cells, allogeneic or autologous leukemic-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other immune effector cells; (3) cytokines and other immune modulators comprising IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, CD40L, FLT-3L and thalidomide and its derivatives; (4) leukemia vaccines of several different formulations including antigen-specific, leukemia cell-based, leukemia antigen-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) and leukemia-derived DC vaccines, the latter two formulations are more attractive. In conclusion, up to now, the most effective example of immunotherapy in acute leukemia is provided by the administration of Mabs, and the majority of other approaches in immunotherapy for acute leukemia although promising, need further studies.
Acute Disease ; Adoptive Transfer ; methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Leukemia ; immunology ; therapy

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture plus drug anesthesia on pain and stress response in patients after radical surgery for stomach cancer.Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional drug anesthesia. The observation group was given additional electroacupuncture intervention. Before anesthesia and 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the visual analog scale (VAS) was scored, the heart rate, the mean arterial pressure, and the levels of serum β-endorphin (β-EP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were measured. Results: Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the VAS scores of both groups were higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and the VAS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the heart rates and mean arterial pressures in the control group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), while there were no significant intra-group differences in the observation group (all P>0.05), and the indicators were lower than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the serum β-EP levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and significantly higher than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the serum ACTH levels in the control group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and were significantly higher than those in the observation group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture plus drug anesthesia can significantly relieve pain and stress response in patients after radical surgery for stomach cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of early use of enteral nutrition therapy in elderly diabetic patients suffering from severe lower respiratory tract infection.Methods A prospective,randomized,open,controlled trial was conducted.Patients aged ≥ 60 years old with diabetes mellitus complicated by severe lower respiratory tract infection admitted to Department of Geriatrics of the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from July 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled,and they were divided into the observation group (nasogastric tube infusion of fresubin) and control group (ordinary liquid diet) according to the random number table method,with 60 patients in each group.Nutritional status,inflammation state and immunological indexes before treatment (0 day) and 4,7,14 days after treatment,the outcome of the disease and the nutrition related complications were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,serum albumin (ALB),pro-albumin (PA),immunoglobulin A and G (IgA,IgG) were significantly increased compared with those before treatment in both groups [at 7 days,ALB (g/L):28.37 ± 0.40 vs.26.72 ± 0.37 in control group,29.12 ± 0.25 vs.26.86 ± 0.26 in observation group;PA (mg/L):53.80 ± 6.28 vs.43.76 ± 6.93 in control group,58.46 ± 8.70 vs.44.68 ± 7.33 in observation group;IgG (g/L):11.62±4.72 vs.9.98±3.71 in control group,13.36±4.58 vs.9.88±3.27 in observation group;IgA (g/L):2.31 ±0.35 vs.1.50±0.39 in control group,3.07±0.48 vs.1.37±0.29 in observation group;all P ＜ 0.05].Compared with the control group,the level of PA in observation group was significantly increased from 7 days on (mg/L:58.46 ± 8.70 vs.53.80 ± 6.28,P ＜ 0.05),while ALB,IgG,IgA levels in observation group increased at 14 days [ALB (g/L):33.24 ± 0.45 vs.30.76±0.79,IgG (g/L):15.03 ±3.73 vs.11.45 ±2.83,IgA (g/L):3.56±0.32 vs.2.50±0.16,all P ＜ 0.05].The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in both groups gradually lowered,but they were significantly lower in observation group than those in the control group from 4 days on [CRP (mg/L):17.72±4.23 vs.20.96±5.83,PCT (ng/L):123±37 vs.257±88,both P ＜ 0.05],up to 14 days.The hospital mortality rate of the observation group was lowered compared with that of the control group (6.67％ vs.8.89％),and the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shortened (hours:145.00±19.39 vs.193.00± 18.97,P ＜ 0.05),insulin dosage was also significantly decreased (U:33.52 ± 5.74 vs.49.71 ± 6.99,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of abdominal distension,diarrhea and reflux of gastric contents between the two groups,and they were relieved after treatment and had no influence on further enteral nutrition therapy.Conclusion Early administration of the complicated enteral nutrition in elderly diabetic patients with severe lower respiratory tract infection cannot only decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in patients,but also shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation,enhance immunity,improve the curative effect with little influence on the blood glucose level.

AIM: To dynamically observe the feeling change of the photorecrptor layer in the eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy ( CSCR ) krypton laser treatment by fourier - domain optical coherence tomography ( FD - OCT), and to study their correlation with the chang of vision.
METHODS: This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical diagnosis of 52 patients with monocular initial onset of central serous chorioretinopathy, krypton laser photocoagulation before treatment, after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8wk, 6mo, FD - OCT were performed to observe the morphological changes characteristic of photoreceptor layer and changes in vision.
RESULTS: After 1wk treatment, all cases were improved; 2wk, 6 cases were cured; 4wk, 38 cases were cured; 6wk, 41 cases were cured; 8wk, 45 cases were cured, the OCT showed macular retinal neuroepithelial layer ( RNL ) from fully absorbed; 6mo with the same 8wk. Before and after treatment in patients with best corrected visual acuity and from the height difference between the macular region of RNL was statistically significant (P<0. 05), there was a correlation between the changes of visual acuity after treatment and the macular detachment of RNL height (P<0. 05), Photoreceptor layer of complete and incomplete best corrected visual acuity difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION: FD-OCT can dynamicaly observed acute central serous chorioretinopathy krypton laser treatment of photoreceptor ultrastruture changes. Photoreceptor layer of complete and incomplete best corrected visual acuity difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01).

Objective To estimate the effects of different surgical treatments of giant cell tumor of bone(GCTB) of long bone in children.Methods The effects of surgical treatment of 15 cases suffered from GCTB were observed.The tumors were rated according to the system of Enneking classification,stageⅠwas managed with a curettage combined with local adjuvant treatment and filled by allograft bone or with curettage and filled by cement of bone.StageⅡb was treated by en bloc resection followed by reconstruction with large segment bone of allograft.The follow-up was given in all patients.Results The follow-up period was 7 years(ranged 2-16 years).In all 15 children patients with GCTB,there were 13 children in stageⅠ,9 patients with curettage combined with local adjuvant treatment and allograft bone showed good bone knitting and rehabilitation without deformity and functional problem and locally recurred;4 patients with curettage and filled by cement of bone showed 2 cases locally recurred.Two children in stageⅡb treated by en bloc resection followed by reconstruction with large segment bone of allograft were perfectly incorporated without evidence of obvious immune rejection,collapse,fracture and locally recurred,but the limb-suffered was short about 2 cm.Conclusions Stage Ⅰtreated by a curettage combined with local adjuvant treatment and filled by allograft bone can get good effect,but only treated by a curettage and filled by cement of bone has 50% locally recurred.TheⅡb treated by en bloc resection followed by reconstruction with large segment bone of allograft might influence the limb growth,but without locally recurred.

Objective To investigate the reliability of a novel rating scale, unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, section Ⅰ(UMSARS-Ⅰ) in the evaluation of illness severity in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods A retrospective analysis and a prospective follow-up study were conducted by using UMSARS-Ⅰ in 46 patients with MSA, and the Schwab and England scale was employed and illness severity was graded. The reliability, validity and sensitivity to change of UMSARS-Ⅰ in evaluating the illness severity of MSA were estimated. Results UMSARS-Ⅰ enjoyed high internal consistency (standard Crohnbach's ?=0.88) and sound content, criterion-related, construct and discriminant validity in the evaluation of illness severity of MSA, and a moderate sensiti-vity to change was found(effect size=0.61). Conclusion UMSARS-Ⅰ is a reliable and multidimensional semi-quantitative scale in the measurement of severity and progression of impairment in MSA.