Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxiracetam in the treatment of neurological deficits resulting from brain injury through the comparison of oxiracetam for injection and piracetam for injection in clinical trials. Methods A multiple-center, randomized, double-blind,parallel study was performed on 239 patients; these patients were divided into experimental group (oxiracetam for injection, n=120) and control group (piracetam, n=119). National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), myodynamia grading, mini-metal state examination (MMSE) were employed to evaluate the therapeutic effects; electrocardiogram and laboratory examination were performed, and the side effects were also observed. Results The scores of NIHSS,GCS and myodynamia grading after treatment in the 2 groups were all significantly higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05); however, no significant differences on these scores were noted between the experimental group and control group (P＞0.05). No serious adverse events were noted in both groups.Conclusion Oxiracetam, the same as piracetam, is safe and effective in the treatment of neurological deficits secondary to brain injury.

Objective Take alkaline ashing method as golden standard to explore the accuracy of chloric acid digestion method in determination of human milk iodine. Methods Sixty one breast milk samples collected in Hexi district of Tianjin was measured by the method for determination of iodine in foodstuff by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (referred to as the alkaline ashing method) published in 2008 and the method for determination of iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry(referred to as acid digestion) published in 1999, respectively. were highly correlated(r = 0.960, t = 26.3, P < 0.01), and the regression equation was (Y) = - 28.1 + 0.808X, in which X was independent variable, that is the results of alkaline ashing method; (Y) was dependent variable, that is the estimated data of chloric acid digestion method. The average difference of the results measured by the two methods was 68.3 μg/L, and the results from chloric acid digestion was 38.9% which lower than that of alkaline samples were diluted by 3,4 and 5-fold and then digested by chloric acid, the liquid clarification rates were 80.3% ashing and chloric acid digestion method were, respectively, 165.4, 110.0 μg/L. Conclusions Compared with alkaline ashing method, the results determined by chloric acid digestion method are significantly lower. It is suggested that there are systemic errors in chloric acid digestion method, which means that alkaline ashing method can not be replaced by the chloric acid digestion method.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sevoflurane on the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in children, and to evaluate its safety and effectiveness. METHODS: Forty child patients who conformed to the selection standard were operated under anaesthesia with intubation.Without premedicant, all the patients inhaled 100% oxygen(1L/min) and sevoflurane by mask, and escalated the concentration of sevoflurane (to the maximum concentration 7%) until the lash reflex disappeared, and the maintenance concentration was controlled under 4%. All the patients were intubated, together with vecuronium 0.1mg/kg. RESULTS: With little tract excretion, the achievement ratio of induction by sevoflurane was 100%, and the children tolerated well. With stable hemodynajmics,1% approximately 4.0% maintenance concentration of sevoflurane during the operation showed effective anaesthesia, no decreased heart rate or blood pressure appeared, and all the patients' body temperature was normal. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane for children induction can bring fewer stimuli in the respiratory tract,less cardiac vascular inhibition and palinesthesia time. Anaesthesia in children induced by sevoflurane is safe and effective.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; administration & dosage ; Sevoflurane ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDReports on mood regulating circuit (MRC) indicated different activities between depressed patients and healthy controls. The functional networks based on MRC have not been described in major depression disorder (MDD). Both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus are all the key regions of MRC. This study was to investigate the two functional networks related to ACC and thalamus in MDD.

METHODSSixteen patients with MDD on first episode which never got any medication and sixteen matched health controls were scanned by 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during resting-state. The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) was used as seed region to construct the functional network by cortex section. The thalamus was used as seed region to construct the functional network by limbic section. Paired-t tests between-groups were performed for the seed-target correlations based on the individual fisher z-transformed correlation maps by SPM2.

RESULTSDepressed subjects exhibited significantly great functional connectivity (FC) between pgACC and the parahippocampus gyrus in one cluster (size 923) including left parahippocampus gyrus (-21, -49, 7), left parietal lobe (-3, -46, 52) and left frontal lobe (-27, -46, 28). The one cluster (size 962) of increased FC on thalamus network overlapped the precuneus near to right parietal lobe (9, -52, 46) and right cingulate gyrus (15, -43, 43) in health controls.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal functional networks exist in earlier manifestation of MDD related to MRC by both cortex and limbic sections. The increased functional connectivity of pgACC and decreased functional connectivity of thalamus is mainly involved in bias mood processing and cognition.

Adult ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Thalamus ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDFunctional imaging studies indicate abnormal activities in cortico-limbic network in depression during either task or resting state. The present work was to explore the abnormal spontaneous activity shown with regional homogeneity (ReHo) in depression by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSUsing fMRI, the differences of regional brain activity were measured in resting state in depressed vs. healthy participants. Sixteen participants firstly diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 16 controls were scanned during resting state. A novel method based on ReHo was used to detect spontaneous hemodynamic responses across the whole brain.

RESULTSReHo in the left thalamus, left temporal lobe, left cerebellar posterior lobe, and the bilateral occipital lobe was found to be significantly decreased in depression compared to healthy controls in resting state of depression.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal spontaneous activity exists in the left thalamus, left temporal lobe, left cerebellar posterior lobe, and the bilateral occipital lobe. And the ReHo may be a potential reference in understanding the distinct brain activity in resting state of depression.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; pathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occipital Lobe ; pathology ; Temporal Lobe ; pathology ; Thalamus ; pathology ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of regular donating platelets on serum ferritin (SF) of donors. A total of 93 male blood donors including 24 initial plateletpheresis donors and 69 regular plateletpheresis donors were selected randomly. Their SF level was measured by ELISA. The results showed that the SF level of initial plateletpheresis donors and regular plateletpheresis donors were 91.08 ± 23.38 µg/L and 57.16 ± 35.48 µg/L respectively, and all were in normal levels, but there was significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). The SF level decreased when the donation frequency increased, there were no significant differences between the groups with different donation frequency. Correlation with lifetime donations of platelets was not found. It is concluded that regular plateletpheresis donors may have lower SF level.
Adult ; Blood Donors ; Ferritins ; blood ; Humans ; Iron ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count ; Plateletpheresis ; Serum ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of vitamin D level on early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonates.

METHODSSeventy-eight full-term neonates with EOS were used as the research group (EOS group). sixty healthy full-term neonates without clinical and/or laboratory features related to infections were used as the control group. Blood samples of the neonates and their mothers in both groups were collected within 72 hours of delivery to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD) levels. The rate of vitamin D deficiency in the neonates and the level of 25-OHD supplemented to their mothers during pregnancy were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere was a significant positive correlation between the serum level of 25-OHD of the mothers and that of the neonates in both groups (EOS group: r=0.797, P<0.01; control group: r=0.929, P<0.01). The neonates and their mothers in the EOS group had significantly lower 25-OHD levels than those in the control group (P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D deficiency among the neonates in the EOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). The level of vitamin D supplemented to the mothers during the last 3 months of pregnancy in the EOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSLow serum level of 25-OHD is associated with the development of early-onset sepsis in full-term neonates.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Sepsis ; etiology ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications

Objective In vitro isolation of adenohypophyseal mainly includes enzymatic digestion and mechanical methods.But there is no relevant report about which method is better.In this paper,several mainstream methods of the vitro isolation of adenohypophysis cells in rats are compared and the identification of gonadotropin secretory cells is carried out to figure out which preparation method is more convenient and efficient.Methods 48 mature female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:trypsin group (0.25％ trypsin EDTA digestion),Ⅳ-type collagen enzyme group (Ⅳ type collagen enzyme digestion),mechanical separation group (200 mesh cell sieves grinding) and trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation group (0.25％ trypsin EDTA digestion plus 200 mesh cell sieves grinding).12 rats in each group.The effect of these 4 methods was evaluated.Secondly,the primary cells of each group were cultured.We dynamically observed the vitro growth of cells in each group.Finally,the cells were identified by using the immunocytochemi-cal staining technique Results Compared with the mechanical separation group and-ⅣV type collagen enzyme group [(90.2 ± 0.96) ％,(93.32± 1.77)％],Cell viability of trypsin group and trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation group was elevated [(94.11 ± 1.71) ％,(94.92± 1.92) ％] (P＜0.05).Morphological observation:The pituitary ceils prepared by each methods were all round with strong refraction and clear edges and began to partly adhere to the wall after cultured for 16-24 hours.Then most of the cells adhered to wall after 48-72 hours,while the early glandular ceils were still round.But the volume was smaller than before.Also,a small amount of large cells were scattered among them.7 days later,the cells began to become polygonal or spindle shaped and were connected to pieces.Till around 10 days,the fibrosis gradually became obvious;Immunocytochemical staining:It is indicated that FSH positive cells were larger in volume while less in number and scattered in the cytoplasm.And the positive products,showing blue,were located in the cytoplasm;The Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the supematant of cells and confirmed that the cells in vitro still had hormone secretion functions.Conclusion Compared with the single cell preparation method,the trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation method has certain advantages;The anterior pituitary cells vitro cultured are in good health conditions and still have secrete functions.They are tested to be competent for related scientific experiments.

Objective To study the effects of selenium(Se) and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase(GPX1 ) and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase(TR2) in rat myocardial tissue.MethodsSixty healthy weaning male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by two factors two levels factorial design(n =15).Drinking water was divided into two levels of Se-deficient(0 mg/L) and Se-adequate (0.25 mg/L); diet was divided into two levels of protein-deficeient (10％ protein and 0.008 mg/kg Se) and protein-adequate(20％ protein and 0.015 - 0.026 mg/kg Se).The rats were killed after feeding for one year.Pathological changes in myocardial tissues were observed under light microscope.The expression of GPX1 and TR2 in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared between groups,the difference of the rate of myocardial necrosis in rats was statistically significant(x2 =11.04,P ＜ 0.05),in which Se-deficient protein-deficient group [66.7％ (8/12) ] was significantly higher than Se-adequate proteinadequate group [ 7.1％ ( 1 / 14),x2 - 11.06,P ＜ 0.05 ].GPX 1 positive rates in Se-deficient protein-deficient group,Se-adequate protein-deficient group,Se-deficient protein-adequate group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11 ),10.0％(1/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively,in rat myocardial tissue determined by immunohistochemistry.Of which,Se-adequate protein-deficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group(x2 =12.88,8.14 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of TR2 in rats myocardial tissue of the four groups were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11),0(0/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively.Of which,Se-adequate proteindeficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group (x2 =28.67,18.25 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of GPX1 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.87 ± 0.13,1.18 ± 0.13,0.95 ± 0.13 and 1.74 ± 0.23,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effects of Se and protein on protein expression of GPX1 in the heart were statistically significant(F=124.93,43.16,all P＜ 0.05).And there was interaction between them(F=24.10,P＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of TR2 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.63 ± 0.19,0.97 ± 0.24,0.55 ± 0.08 and 1.03 ± 0.31,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effect of Se on expression of TR2 in the heart was statistically significant(F =36.97,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adequate Se and protein diet can increase the levels of GPX1 and TR2 in the heart compared to deficient Se and protein diet,can enhance anti-oxidizing ability,protect the myocardial endothelial cells,reduce degree of myocardial injury,and the combined effects of both are better.

BACKGROUNDFew characteristic changes of linear electroencephalograph (EEG) have been reported in schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in temporal-spatial dimensional properties of EEG under different cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODSEEG was recorded by using EEG-1518K system and mapping system (Nihon Kohden Tomioka Corporation, Japan) in 45 schizophrenic patients and 47 healthy adults (normal control, NC) under five states: eyes closed, eyes open, mental arithmetic test with eyes closed, memory test with eyes open, and number cancellation test. Correlation dimension (D2) and point-wise correlation dimension (PD2) were calculated for all EEG analyses.

RESULTS(1) There were no significant differences of D2 and PD2 between NC and schizophrenic patients under states of eyes open and closed. (2) Compared with NC, schizophrenic patients showed decreased performance of D2 in mental arithmetic test with eyes closed and number cancellation test (mental arithmetic test with eyes closed: Nc 5.9 ± 0.6, Sch 3.0 ± 0.8; number cancellation test: Nc 6.0 ± 0.6, Sch 4.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) Schizophrenic patients also showed decrease performance of PD2 in mental arithmetic test with eyes closed, memory test with eyes open, and number cancellation test (mental arithmetic test with eyes closed: Nc 6.9 ± 0.7, Sch 4.0 ± 0.8; memory test with eyes open: Nc 6.6 ± 0.8, Sch 5.0 ± 0.9; number cancellation test: Nc 7.1 ± 0.7, Sch 4.8 ± 0.9; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNonlinear dynamic analysis provided a new approach in clinical investigation of EEG signals. It was helpful to further understand the cerebral mechanism in schizophrenic cognitive process.

Adult ; Cognition ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology