Tear is a complex fluid mainly secreted by lacrimal gland.It is a complex body fluid,which may contain thousands of protein/peptides and other molecules.Studies have determined that the changes in the chemical compositions of tears play an important role in some diseases and their progression.Tear components including protein,lipid and metabolites,which is easy to be obtained,not only can be used for biomarkers,can also be used to study an eye the onset of systemic disease process.Measuring the changes in composition of tear may be used to determine the critical path of the disease development,provide a new possibility for prevention and treatment.This article reviews the ophthalmic applications of tear markers in the systemic disease,which has not been determined so far.

Aged ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To explore and observe the nursing of the children with the closed abdominal injury.Methods Using a retrospective analysis in 131 children with closed abdominal injury in our hospital from January 1993 to January 2005,sumarize the nursing points Results 109 got nonoperative treatment and the rest had an operation.No complications and death had happened in the duration of hospital stay.All 131 patients were full recovered.Conclusion The points of nursing the children with the closed abdominal injury are to developed observe continuously,to make sure whether the injury was combined with other damages of the organs or out of the abdominal cavity.Furthermore,use the indication of nonoperative treatment and operation therapy into the attending process,which can provide effective information and index to the doctor,and then make doctor use corresponding methods to gain satisfactory results.

AIM To investigate effects of shenning on nephrotic rats. METHODS Adult male wistar rats were randomly devided into normal control group, pathological pattern group, high-dosage shenning group,middle-dosage group,low-dosage group,shenfukang group and prednisone group. Rats with membranous glomerulonephritis were induced by injection of cation bovine serum albumin into tail vein. The rats were treated respectively for 32 days by gavage. Urinary protein was observed once a week after 2 weeks. After 7weeks ,plasma albumin,renal histology,parameters of renal function and prostaglandins were examined. In addition TXB 2/6-Keto-PGF 1? in serum were also examined. RESULTS The urinary protein,serum cretinine level,BUN and TXB 2/6-Keto-PGF 1? can be reduced in shenning groups compared with pathological pattern group. Plasma albumin was significantly increased in high-dosage shenning group. CONCLUSION High-dosage and middle-dosage shenning can significantly decrease urinary protein in rats with membranous glomerulonephritis. High-dosage shenning can increase the plasma albumin level in rats with membranous glomerulonephritis.

The samples of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Alba Radix acquired both by random spot check from domestic market and self-production by the research group in the laboratory were used to evaluate the effects of sulphur fumigation on the quality of Paeoniae Alba Radix by comparing sulfur-fumigated degree and character, the content of paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfurous acid ester, and changes of the fingerprint. We used methods in Chinese Pharmacopeia to evaluate the character of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Alba Radix and determinate the content of aulfur-fumigated paeoniflorin. LC-MS method was used to analyze paeoniflorin-converted products. HPLC fingerprint methods were established to evaluate the differences on quality by similarity. Results showed that fumigated Paeoniae Alba Radix became white and its unique fragrance disappeared, along with the production of pungent sour gas. It also had a significant effect on paeoniflorin content. As sulfur smoked degree aggravated, paeoniflorin content decreased subsequently, some of which turned into paeoniflorin sulfurous acid ester, and this change was not reversible. Fingerprint also showed obvious changes. Obviously, sulfur fumigation had severe influence on the quality of Paeoniae Alba Radix, but we can control the quality of the Paeoniae Alba Radix by testing the paeoniflorin sulfurous acid ester content.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; methods ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Sulfur ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether WASP/Verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSWAVE1 mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively in 4 children with ALL relapse, 15 children with ALL in complete remission (CR) and 40 children with newly diagnosed ALL. Ten normal bone marrow samples were used as controls. Jurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of adriamycin (ADM). The cell proliferation was detected with MTT. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression of Jurkat cells treated with ADM was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.

RESULTSWAVE1 was not expressed or weakly expressed in BMMCs from normal controls and patients with ALL in CR. Higher WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression was found in BMMCs from patients with newly diagnosed ALL and patients with relapse ALL when compared with the controls and the patients in CR (P<0.01). ADM significantly inhibited the proliferation of the Jurkat cells and the inhibitory effect was dose-and time-dependent (P<0.05). After ADM treatment for 24 hrs, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly and WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression of Jurkat cells decreased significantly when compared with the untreated controls (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe WAVE1 expression increased in children with ALL. WAVE1 may be related to the development of ALL and may be severed as a marker for the evaluation of the severity of ALL in children.

Adolescent ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Jurkat Cells ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; etiology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate role of WASP family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) in K562 leukemia cell invasion and its mechanism.

METHODSImmunofluorescence method was used to detect the distribution of WAVE1 and MMP-2 in the cells. K562 cells were transfected with pcDNA3. 1-WAVE1 reconstructed plasmid or with specific siRNA to WAVE1 gene. The invasion ability of K562 cells was examined by Transwell assay. The expression level of WAVE1 and MMP-2 in K562 cells was assayed by real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTS(1) WAVE1 and MMP-2 mainly expressed and co-localized in the cell membrane; (2) 24 h and 48 h after transfected with pcDNA3. 1-WAVE1, the MMP-2 mRNA level in K562 cells increased by 295% and 198% while its protein increased by 80% and 23% respectively as compared with control K562 cells. At the same time point after transfected with specific siRNA, the MMP-2 mRNA level decreased by 81% and 28%, and its protein decreased by 36% and 53% respectively as compared with control. (3) The invasion ability of K562 cells was enhanced after transfected with pcDNA3. 1-WAVE1 and depressed after transfected with the specific siRNA.

CONCLUSIONThe co-localization of WAVE1 and MMP-2 in K562 cells suggests they coordinate in functions; WAVE1 may involve in the migration and invasion of K562 cells through regulating the expression level of MMP-2.

Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemic Infiltration ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDStudies on new vertebral internal fixations of animals are very important prior to clinical application. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of vertebral internal fixation on morphologic and biomechanical properties using deer and sheep as animal models and comparing to human data.

METHODSThirty sets of fresh Sika deer lumbar, 30 sets of fresh sheep lumbar, and 20 sets of fresh lumbar from male cadavers were used. We examined the morphology of the centra and pedicles of the three groups, and determined the cancellous bone density and biomechanical properties in all groups.

RESULTSThere were marked differences in all parameters measured between the different species. The sizes of the upper, middle, and lower transverse diameter were largest in the human, followed by the deer, then the sheep. The index of centrum transverse diameters and sagittal diameters were less than 0.8 (a triangle), and the deer was more similar to the human. The heights of the right vertebral pedicles and the anterior disc heights (IDH) were largest in the human, followed by the deer, then the sheep. The apparent density, elastic modulus, and ultimate load were largest in the sheep, followed by the deer, then the human. The range of motion (ROM) of functional lumbar units (FLUs) with a combined flexion-extension moment was largest in the human, followed by the deer then the sheep.

CONCLUSIONSThe deer lumbar is more similar to that of human in anatomical form and biomechanics than the sheep lumbar. As such, deer is more appropriate as an animal model for use in vertebral internal fixation studies.

Adult ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Deer ; Elastic Modulus ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sheep ; Spine ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the proliferation, differentiation of rat hepatic stem like cell line WB-F344 and cytokines in vitro.

METHODS(3)H thymidine labelling of new synthesized DNA was used to examine the mitogenic responsiveness of WB-F344 cells to cytokines, western blot was used to study the expression of cytokines receptors on hepatic stem cells, and apoptotic cells were detected by Flow cytometry.

RESULTSWB-F344 cells showed a proliferative response to the cytokines of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin at the dose of 80 ng/ml, and the relative cpm values are 982.95, 906.32, 863.98 and 968.67 respectively, while non response to interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at the same dose, and an inhibition or apoptosis response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) at 80 ng/ml with a 26.89% apoptotic rate. Western blot showed that there were HGF, EGF, FGF, TGF-beta receptors expressed on WB-F344 cells. When WB-F344 cells were cultured in the differential system (DMEM, 10% Fcs, HGF 10 to approximately 50 ng/ml, EGF 20 ng/ml, Insulin 1 microg/ml, Dex 1 micromol/L), the cells could differentiated into hepatocytes. In addition, HGF could scattered WB-F344 cells.

CONCLUSIONThe proliferation and differentiation of liver stem cells are regulated by various cytokines which may play an important role when liver is damaged seriously.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Liver ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and sensitivity of a Family Burden Scale (FBS) of disease used on schistosomiasis. Methods 224 schistosomiasis patients were investigated, using the FBS. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability. Validity was tested by factor analysis. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparison of patients with different income levels. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.874 and split-half reliability was 0.939 for FBS, respectively. Most values of Cronbach's α and split-half reliability for each component of scale were above 0.70. Construct validity was appraised by factor analysis, and 6 factors were identified. These factors could explain 66.76 % of the total variance. Patients with different income levels showed significant difference in terms of family burden for schistosomiasis (P<0.001 ). Conclusion This FBS appeared to have satisfactory reliability, validity and sensitivity and could be used in evaluating family burden of schistosomiasis patients.