Brain ; pathology ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mobius Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

There are two populations of bacteria to affect the formation of urinary stones in humanity. The first one can promote the formation of urinary stone by increasing urinary pH, decreasing concentration of urinary inhibitors , and damaging the protective urothelial glycosaminoglycan layer. The second inhibit the formation of urinary stones. These bacteria ( mainly the intestinal oxalate degrading bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis etc) can decrease urinary oxalate concentration by regulating exogenous oxalate. The problems faced and the developing direction were also indicated.

Objective To evaluate if the assay of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) can improve the sensitivity of monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA) in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Methods Anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ autoantibodies were detected by a modified MAIPA;PAIgG was detected by competitive ELISA.MAIPA and PAIgG were done simultaneously in 190 patients with thrombocytopenia,in which 132 were diagnosed as ITP according to the diagnostic criteria Kappa test was used to analyze the concordance between MAIPA and PAIgG.Results The sensitivities of PAIgG alone or in parallel with MAIPA to ITP were 32.6% and 37.2% higher than MAIPA alone respectively,while their specifieities were 51.7% and 56.9% lower respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of PAIgG in series with MAIPA were all not superior to MAIPA alone.The kappa values between MAIPA and PAIgG in ITP and non-immune thrombocytopenia were 0.129 and 0.012 respectively,which meant the concordance between them was poor.Conclusion The detection of PAIgG should not be used as screening before MAIPA in distinguishing immune from non-immune thrombocytopenia.

The aim of this paper is to apply Raman spectroscopy technique to develop rapid quantitative models for five kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine containing CaCO3. In the experiment, Raman spectras of 67 batch of sample including Otolithum Sciaenae, Galaxeae Os, Ophicalcitum, Calcite, Stalactite and their mixture which had different content of CaCO3 were collected, and the quantitative models were established by using an improved siPLS to optimize the characteristic spectral bands and using the CaCO3 contents which were measured by EDTA titration method as references. Compared with the results by EDTA titration, the established quantitative model for CaCO, content showed a prediction result that the average relative deviation of the prediction results is 2. 71% and the average recovery rate was 100.46%, when the content is between 0.465 4-0.999 7, and when the characteristic spectral bands of 1 290-1 280, 730-714, 700-690, 660-650, 465-460, 455-445, 405-385 cm(-1) had been optimized. The result also showed that the model using Raman spectroscopy and based on an improved siPLS can get a rapid determination for contents of 5 kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine containing CaCO3.
Calcium Carbonate ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; methods

To provide insights into the mechanism for the attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Tibetan medicine Renqing Mangjue, a contrasted study was carried out on the pharmacokinetics of brucine and strychnine in mice plasm, which are active and toxicant ingredient in the Tibetan medicine Renqing Mangjue. LC-MS/MS was used to detect simultaneously the concentrations of brucine and strychnine in mice plasm at-different time intervals after administration parallelly and randomly, and the pharmacokinetic software Kinetica 5. 0 was selected to non-compartmental analysis (NCA) for data, and statistical analysis software SPSS 19. 0 was used for significance test on the pharmacokinetic parameters. A reliable LC-MS/MS method was established for the determination of brucine and strychnine in blood plasma, which are consistent with the requirements of the preclinical pharmacokinetic study confirmed by the methodology. The linear concentration ranges of brucine and strychnine were 0.301-104.4 µg · L(-1) (r = 0.999 5) and 0.305-106 µg · L(-1) (r = 0.999 7), respectively; The intra-day and inter-day variable coefficients were both less than 10.0% with good precision; The average extraction recoveries of brucine and strychnine were 116.23% and 112.82%, and RSD were 3.2% and 2.3% separately;The average matrix effects of brucine and strychnine were 122.48% and 116.36%, and RSD were 7.7% and 4.4%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic results showed that AUCtot of brucine and strychnine in Zuota group were both increased remarkably (P < 0.05), and the Cmax of brucine in Zuota group was about 5.25-fold higher than that of brucine in non-Zuota group (P < 0.05). The Tmax of brucine and strychnine reduced to one-eighth and one-quarter respectively compared with those in Non-Zuota group. In addition, the eliminations of brucine and strychnine in vivo were accelerated after the compatibility of Zuota. A significant difference (P < 0.05) occurred at the MRT0-t, of brucine, while the MRT0-∞ and Lz of strychnine were statistically significant upon the inspection level α = 0.1. It was found that the absorption degree of brucine and strychnine in Zuota group increased in the range of the safe dose (or concentration), while their elimination rates were accelerated, which may be one of the mechanisms for attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Tibetan medicine Renqing Mangjue.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Mice ; Strychnine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics

The aim of this paper is to apply near infrared spectroscopy techniques to construct a rapid identification method for 8 kinds of mineral Chinese Medicines containing carbonates. The qualitative model using clustering analysis method in OPUS software can identify accurately 8 kinds of carbonate-containing mineral Chinese medicines. The near-infrared quantitative model was established by using partial least squares method (PLS) for 7 mineral Chinese Medicines in which main component is calcium carbonate. Compared with the results by EDTA titration, the established quantitative analysis model for calcium carbonate content showed a good prediction result that when the content is between 47.61% -99.17%, the average relative deviation of the prediction result is 0.24% and the average recovery rate was 100.3%. The results also showed that the model using near infrared spectroscopy can get not only a rapid identification of the 8 mineral Chinese medicines containing carbonates, but also an accurate and reliabe content determination of calcium carbonate for the 7 mineral Chinese medicines which contain the component.
Carbonates ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Minerals ; chemistry ; Software ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods ; Time Factors

Penile erection hardness is one of the key factors for successful sexual intercourse, as well as an important index in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). This article gives an overview on the component and impact factors of erection hardness, summarizes some commonly used evaluation methods, including those for objective indexes, such as Rigiscan, axial buckling test and color Doppler ultrasonography, and those for subjective indexes of ED patients, such as IIEF, the Erectile Function Domain of IIEF (IIEF-EF), and Erection Hardness Score (EHS), and discusses the characteristics of these methods.
Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection

Patient-centered questionnaires, as widely used tools for the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED) and the assessment of ED treatment efficacy, are increasing in number and kinds. This review focuses on a few effective and most commonly used ED-related questionnaires, including the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), Erectile Function Domain of the IIEF (IIEF-EF), Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS), Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire (SEAR), Erection Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS), Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS), and Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEX-Q). The objectives, contents and characteristics of these questionnaires are explained and discussed.
Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Surveys and Questionnaires

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and underling mechanism of water-soluble CO-releasing molecules (CORM-3)on the alleviation of allograft rejectionafter mouse kidney transplantation.Methods A mice kidney transplantation model was established using C.FVB-Tg (Itgax-DTR/GFP)57Lan/J or C57BL/6J (H-2Kb) mice as donors,and Balb/c (H-2Kd) mice as recipients.After donor nephrectomy,kidney was preserved in UW solution which contained CORM-3 or iCORM (inactive CO-releasing molecules) for 24 h in 4℃.Recipient survival after removal of both na? ve kidneys,serum creatinine as well as graft histology was observed.In the C.FVB-Tg(ItgaxDTR/GFP) 57Lan/J donors,rDCs were acquired in vitro and selected by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) after graft nephrectomy.The expression of activation markers,CD80 and CD86,on rDC was assessed by using flow cytometry.ResultsThe graft medium survival time was 40.5 days in the iCORM group and 70 days in the CORM-3 group respectively (P＜0.05).CORM-3 preserved the graft function as shown by significantly lower serum creatinine (P＜0.05; or P＜0.01) and alleviated graft pathology injury.Diffuse infiltration of mononuclear cells in the interstitial tissues,moderate tubulitis and partial glomerular sclerosis were found in the iCORM graft kidney,while the CORM-3 graft kidney displayed almost normal histology.Meanwhile,CORM-3 suppressed the expression of CD80 and CD86 in donor-derived rDC.ConclusionCORM-3 can alleviate allograft rejection,prolong the graft survival,and improve kidney function in mouse kidney transplantation,probably via inhibiting rDC activation.

Objective To observe the curative effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression in the treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON).Methods From April,2010 to March,2012,in Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,a total of 79 adult patients with 108 hips suffered from the early stage FHON were treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression through the core of the femoral canal,male of 65 cases,female of 14 cases,the mean age was 29.5 (20-50) years old.According to the etiology classification:the alcohol-induced FHON was in 54 patients with 66 hips,steroid-induced FHON in 14 patients with 20 hips,steroid and alcohol-induced ONFH was in 11patients with 22 hips.According to association research circulation osseous (ARCO)classifying,Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-A,Ⅱ-B phases were 6,16,8,and 78 hips,respectively.There were 43 hips in left side and 65 hips in the right side.Results All patients were followed up from 4 to 6 (4.8 ± 0.6) years.Compared with before operation,the scores of all patients were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).All patients with hip pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared.The healing tine of the patients in all age groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and with the increase of age,the healing time was prolonged.The excellent and good rates of Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-Aand Ⅱ-B were 100％ (6 / 6),100％ (16/16),100％ (8/8),and 98.7％ (77/78).The X-ray showed that coarse channel osteogenic phenomenon is obvious,there is 1 case collapse of femoral head of stage Ⅱ-B,the rest were not collapse.Conclusion The treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompressionis definitely effective,especially in patients with ARCO:Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B and Ⅱ-A phase,and the effect of ARCO:Ⅰ-A and Ⅱ-A is the best.