Objective To determine the effect of pnehyclidine hydrochloride as anticholinergic drug during the treatment of severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(SAOPP)and evaluate the safety.Methods 78 SAOPP patients was divided into control group(n=37)and test group(n=41).Atropine was as anticholinergic drug in control group and was replaced by pnehyclidine hydrochloride in test group.The persistence time of mus- carinic action,drug adverse reaction,severe complication,healing rate and therapeutic time of detoxification after these drugs being administered were observed in the two groups.Results The persistence time of muscarinic action was shorter in rest group than in control group(P

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes in patients with psoriasis,and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods Keratinocytes were isolated from patients with psoriasis,and subjected to a primary culture in vitro.After 2-3 passages,the keratinocytes were divided into several groups to be treated with glycyrrhetinic acid at final concentrations of 0 (control group),1,2,4,8 and 10 mg/L (glycyrrhetinic acid groups),respectively.After 24-72 hours of treatment,MTS assay was performed to evaluate the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the proliferation of keratinocytes,and flow cytometry was conducted to detect the apoptosis of keratinocytes after 24-hour treatment with glycyrrhetinic acid at different concentrations.Real-time fluorescence-based PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-21 in keratinocytes.Results After 24-72 hours of treatment with 1-10 mg/L glycyrrhetinic acid,the proliferation activity of keratinocytes significantly decreased along with the increase in the treatment duration and concentrations of glycyrrhizinic acid.After 24-hour treatment with 1,2,4,8,10 mg/L glycyrrhetinic acid,the apoptosis rates of keratinocytes increased to (9.64 ± 0.86)％,(25.24 ± 2.93)％,(27.68 ± 3.70)％,(35.55 ± 4.23)％ and (38.89 ± 2.31)％ respectively.As LSD-t test showed,the apoptosis rates of keratinocytes were significantly higher in all the glycyrrhetinic acid groups than in the control group (10.09％ ± 0.69％,all P ＜ 0.01),except the 1 mg/L glycyrrhetinic acid group.After 24-hour treatment with 1,2 and 4 mg/L glycyrrhetinic acid,the miR-21 expression (2-△△Ct) significantly decreased (0.24 ± 0.04,0.22 ± 0.07,0.17 ± 0.05,respectively) compared with the control group (0.92 ± 0.12,F =213.10,P ＜ 0.05).After 18-,24-and 48-hour treatment with 2 mg/L glycyrrhetinic acid,the miR-21 expression significantly decreased (0.55 ± 0.02,0.22 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.06 respectively) compared with the control group (0.98 ± 0.02,F =238.10,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Glycyrrhetinic acid can inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes from psoriatic patients,but promote the apoptosis,likely by down-regulation of miR-21 expression.

Objective: To investigate the influence of esculentoside A（EsA） on production of IL-1 and TNF by rabbit synovial cells induced by LPS. Methods: levels of IL-1 and TNF in the supernatant of rabbit synovial cell were determined by examining proliferation of thymic cells and by bioassay L929 cells as target cells, respectively. Results: EsA in 5-40 μg/ml could significantly inhibit the production of IL-1 and TNF from rabbit synovial cells induced by LPS. Conclusion: EsA can inhibit the production of IL-1 and TNF from synovial cells. It suggests that EsA may play a role in improving the rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis induction effect of Cantharidin on pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 and CFPAC-1 and possible mechanism. Methods PANC1 and CFPAC-1 was treated with Cantharidin. Cell growth was determined by MTT. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Caspase activity was measured by using enzyme chemical method. Apoptosis-related gene expressions were determined by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Cantharidin significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells PANC1, CFPAC-1 and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Seventy-two hours after 10 μmol/L Cantharidin treatment, the inhibitory rates of PANC1, CFPAC-1 were (52.95 ± 6.34)％ and (71.21 ±6.30)％. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the early and later period apoptotic cell of PANC1 was increased from 7.35％ to 24.89％, from 6.36％ to 17.73％. The early and later period apoptotic cell of CFPAC was increased from 6.39％ to 24.70％, from 9.21％ to 12.58％ (P＜0.01). Activity of caspase 8 and caspase 9 in PANC1 cells was (155.8 + 11.5)％ and (194.6 ± 14.7)％ when compared with that of control group. Activity of caspase 8 and caspase 9 in CFPAC- 1 was ( 182.5 ± 24.3 ) ％ and ( 215.8 ± 12.2) ％when compared with that of control group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The expression of pro-apoptotic genes, TNF-α,TRAILR1, TRAILR2, Bad, Bak and Bid was elevated, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene was decreased. Conclusions Cantharidin can induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines by activating caspase,up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic genes.

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on the release of norepinephrine(NE)fromlocus coeruleus in the brain of rabbits,trying to elucidate the central mechanism of cardio-vascular responseinduced by ketamine.Methods Nine healthy male New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were used in thisstudy.A trocar(0.8 mm in diameter)was inserted into locus coeruleus using the stereotactic technique and fixed.Four days later push-pull perfusion of the brain was performed.37℃ artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF)wasinfused through the trocar at 0.1 ml?min~(-1).A loading dose of ketamine 2 mg?kg~(-1) was given i.v.followed byketamine infusion at 50 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) for 20 min.The perfusate from locus coeruleus was collected before duringand after ketamine infusion every 20 min.The NE concentration of the perfusate was measured by high performanceliquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The NE concentration of perfusate from locus coeruleus increasedsignificantly after ketamine infusion from(16?3) pg～?l~(-1) to(32?4)pg??l~(-1) and returned to baseline level 20min after termination of ketamine infusion.Conclusion Ketamine increases the concentration of NE in locuscoeruleus.The increased NE release from locus coeruleus may explain the central mechanism of circulatoryexcitement induced by ketamine.

Objective To investigate the axonal lesion in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy(CIDP).Methods Eighteen patients had undergone sural nerve biopsy.The clinical and electrophysiological distinction based on the different pathological changes were analyzed.Results Five patients with demyelination predominance which presented myelinated fiber with thin myelin.Three of them showed also mild axonal degeneration.Eight patients with axonal lesion predominance which presented Wallerian degeneration and regeneration of myelinated fibers.Three patients with mixed myelin and axon lesion of myelinated fibers and two with mild lesion.There was no significant difference between CIDP predominantly with axonal lesion and demyelination.Electrophysiological examination shows both axonal lesion and demyelination feature in some of the 2 types patients at the same time.Conclusions Axonal lesion is a common pathological change in CIDP and should not be considered as an exclusive criterion in diagnosis of the disease.Infiltration of macrophages is a common change.

Objective ① To investigate the level of the vitamin D endocrine system in peripheral relationships with bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease activity respectively. Methods The level of the 25-hydroxylate vitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)D3] in plasma from 43 SLE patients and 44 normal controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression was determinied by real-time PCR in peripheral blood. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. The relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the bone mass were studied. We also discussed the relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity. Results The levels of 25OHD3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls (P<0.01, P<0.01). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in initial SLE compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of osteopenia (35%) at both sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients were divided into two groups by BMD, abnormal group and normal group. There were no differences in 25OHD3, 1,25 (OH)D3 and VDR gene expression (P0.05). There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and BMD in initial SLE patients. There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity either. Conclusion Vitamin D endocrine system may play an important role in SLE, but the level of VDR gene is not correlated with BMD and disease activity.

Objective To determine the serum level of chernokine CCL27 in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and to analyse its clinical relevance.Methods A total of 61 patients(40 in progressive stage and 21 in stable stage)with psoriasis vulgaris,with an average disease duration of 37.97±14.34 years,were included in this study.Appropriate thempy was given to these patients.Serum samples were collected from the patients before and after therapy,as well as from 45 healthy human controls.ELISA was applied to examine the serum concentration of CCL27.Clinical severity of psoriasis vulgaris was assessed by psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)score.Results Serum level of CCL27 was 670.02±262.15 ng/L in psoriatic patients,compared to 373.10±92.84 ng/L in the controls(t=8.18.P＜0.01).Increased serum level of CCL27 was observed in patients with progressive psoriasis vulgaris compared to those with stable psoriasis (799.94±214.54 ng/L vs 422.57±135.53 ng/L,t=8.39,P＜0.01).After 8 weeks of therapy,a significant decrease was noticed in the serum level of CCL27 in patients who experienced≥70%reduction in PASI score(t=9.95,P＜0.01).but not in those experiencing a PASI reduction of＜70%(t=1.84,P＞0.05).The serum level of CCL27 was positively correlated with PASI score(r=0.58,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum level of CCL27 is significantly elevated in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and it is correlated with the disease severity.

0.05);Compared to Gram-negative bacilli group of sputum culture,Gram-positive cocci group had significant diffe-rence in the incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders(Pa

Objective To investigate the effect and regulation mechanism of mimic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cul-ture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand intercellular adhe-sion molecule (ICAM)-1. Methods HUVECs were randomly divided into four groups:control group (normal media cell cul-ture+control siRNA transfection), mimic I/R+control siRNA transfection group (HUVECs were transfected with control siR-NA, for 48 h ,and then received mimic ischemic media culture for 30 min followed by normal media culture for 4 h), normal culture+p65 siRNA transfection group and mimic I/R+p65 siRNA transfection group. The expression levels of TNF-αand ICAM-1 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respec-tively. Results The mRNA and supernatant protein levels of TNF-αand ICAM-1 were significantly increased in mimic I/R culture group (4.96±0.16 and 3.33±0.30)μg/L than those of other tree groups (P<0.05). The level of ICAM-1 mRNA was significantly higher in I/R+p65 siRNA transfection group (1.87±0.21)μg/L than that of control group (1.58±0.15) μg/L and normal culture+p65 siRNA transfection group [(1.69±0.21)μg/L, P<0.05]. The levels of TNF-αand ICAM-1proteins were (329.98 ± 12.18) μg/L and (654.74 ± 64.79) μg/L in mimic I/R+control siRNA transfection group, which were significantly higher than those of other three groups (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-αand ICAM-1 proteins were (129.65±22.42)μg/L and (185.76±11.27)μg/L in mimic I/R+p65 siRNA transfection group, which were significantly lower than those of contro group [(183.50±11.77)μg/L and (280.43±13.76)μg/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion The silencing of p65 through transfection of p65 siRNA in HUVECs inhibited mimic I/R-induced mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-αand ICAM-1.