AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects of genistein(Gen) on mouse allergic contact dermatitis(ACD).METHODS: The animal model of ACD was induced by DNFB.The effects of different doses of Gen on mouse ear swelling,body weight,histopathological changes in mouse ear skin,thymus index and spleen index were observed.RESULTS: All groups of Gen inhibited mouse ear swelling induced by DNFB significantly.The infiltration of inflammatory cells and thymus index were also reduced.However,the increase in mouse body weight was not affected.Low dose of Gen increased spleen index,high dose of Gen decreased spleen index.CONCLUSION: Genistein has significant inhibitory effects on mouse ACD induced by DNFB.

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonographic ( US ) findings of granulomatous lobular mastitis( GLM ) ,and to compare the diagnostic accuracy among US ,mammographic ,and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) . Methods Imaging characteristics of 56 patients who were pathologically comfirmed as GLM were reviewed .All the lesions were assessed by BI‐RADS ( Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) . Results Fifty‐eight lesions were found in 56 patients . Thirty ( 51 .7% ) were irregular ,20 (34 .5% ) were lobular and 8(13 .8% ) were round or oval in shape . Forty two lesions (72 .4% ) were hypoechoic ,14 (24 .1% ) were mixed echoic textur ,including 6 lesions (10 .3% ) with tubular connections and 8 lesions ( 13 .8% ) with irregular markly hypoechoic internal echoes . Two ( 3% ) were isoechoic .No calcification were found . Color Doppler signals were detected in 33 cases(56 .9% ) ,and the resistance index ( RI) ranged from 0 .61 to 0 .79 . Forty patients underwent mammography ,there were no distinct lesions in 6 cases(15% ) ,suspicious calcification in two(5% ) , asymmetric density in twenty(50% ) ,and solitary masses in twelve(30% ) . MRI was performed in 36 patients ,and revealed no abnormality in two patients(5 .6% ) , twenty nine lesions ( 80 .6% ) showed hypointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,five lesions ( 13 .9% ) showed isointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,and all the lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement after contrast .The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography , mammography and MRl was 63 .8% , 45% and 61 .1% , respectively . Conclusions There were no specific imaging characteristics of GLM ,the combination of ultrasonography , mammography and MRI might benefit the diagnosis of GLM .

Objective To analyze the ultrasonographic characteristics of breast cystic-solid lesions and to investigate the diagnostic value of BI-RADS breast imaging reporting and data system in this kind of disease Methods Imaging characteristics of 105 breast cystic-solid lesions of 93 patients were analyzed All the lesions were assessed by BI-RADS Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard Results Among 105 lesions 57 54 3% were benign and 48 45 7% were malignant Differences in orientation shape margin calcification and vascularity were statistically significant between the benign and malignant lesions P < 0 05 whereas the echo pattern and the posterior acoustic feature did not show significant differences P >0 05).There were 5 1 predominantly solid mass,which appeared as solid mass with little dispersed or centralized cystic regions or solid mass with surrounding cystic regions,including 33 benign lesions and 1 8 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.956 in this type.There were 25 lesions predominantly cystic,which had regular or irregular thick walls or septa,or had nodules protruding to the cystic component,including 1 1 benign lesions and 14 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.753.There were 29 mixed solid-cystic mass,in which the solid component equaled to the cystic,including 13 benign lesions and 16 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.887.The area under curves of ROC was 0.873 for the all breast cystic-solid lesions.The rates of malignant cystic-solid lesions in the three types had no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosing breast cystic-solid lesions.The proportion of the cystic component is not helpful to differentiate malignancy from benignancy.

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods A total of 1 56 patients referred for surgery of thyroid nodules underwent standard ultrasound as well as elastography.The following characteristics of all the nodules were assessed:location,size,shape,margin,echogenicity,calcification and blood flow.The SWE elasticity indices of maximum (Emax),mean (Emean),minimum (Emin),and standard deviation (Esd) were automatically calculated by the US system.Thresholds were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC ) curve analysis.The diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE were compared.Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard.Results Among a total of 1 56 nodules,1 1 8 were malignant and 38 were benign.SWE elasticity indices were significantly higher in malignant than in benign nodules (P ≤0.001 ).Sensitivity and specificity for predicting malignancy were 83.9%,92.1 % respectively using Emean with a threshold of 32.1 kPa,the specificity was significantly higher than using conventional ultrasound (P <0.05 ).Area under the ROC curve (Az)of Emean was highest (0.880,95% CI:0.81 7,0.943),however the differences were not significant(P >0.05).Conclusions SWE provides higher specificity for predicting malignancy without losing sensitivity.

In recent years, the targeted protein degradation technology has developed quickly, with proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) as the best-known strategy through exploring the ubiquitin-proteasome system. A number of new targeted protein degradation strategies have been emerging to expand the scope of protein degradation technology, including lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs), autophagy-targeting chimeras (AUTACs), autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs) and chimeras based on chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). The emerging methodologies have explored another important protein degradation system in eukaryotes-lysosomal systems, such as the endosome-lysosome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This review summaries the mechanisms and features of different strategies for targeted protein degradation, with a special emphasis on the new targeted protein degradation technologies, such as their current status, advantages and limitations.

Objective To study the effect of lipoic acid on apoptosis of neurons during experimental neuronal aging. Methods The mouse neuroblastoma cells with serum-free culture were served as experimental neuronal aging models.The cells were randomly divided into control group(serum-free culture)and experimental group(100?mol/L lipoic acid in serum-free culture).After cultivating for 5,10 and 15 d,the cell survival rates were detected by MTT method,and the cell apoptosis rates were quantitatively determined using FACS with Annexin V/PI double staining.Results Compared with those in control group,the cell survival rates in experimental group significantly increased[(212.48?12.26)%vs(100.00?14.80)%,(200.55?28.33)%vs(75.45?10.79)%and(96.81?14.50)%vs(28.54?3.14)%,respectively for 5, 10 and 15 d after cultivation](P

Objective To study the effects of a rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Li pilocarpine-in- duced seizure activity and the expression of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the hippocampus.Methods Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups.Each rat in the model(M),short treatment(ST)and long treatment(LT)groups was treated with intra-peritoneal injections of lithium chloride(60 mg/kg),followed by an intra-peritoneal injec- tion of pilocarpine(35 mg/kg)24 h later.The rats in the ST group were exposed to 20 mT RMF for 20 min ev- ery day for 3 d before seizure induction,while the rats in LT group were exposed to the same RMF for 8 d.The latency,severity and duration of seizure,as well as accompanying symptoms and electroencephalogram data, were recorded,and the expression of mGluR1 and mGluR5 was calculated using an electrophoretic imaging anal- ysis system.Results The duration,times and accompanying symptoms of seizure were significantly decreased in the LT group.The mGluR1 mRNA level and mGluR1/mGluR5 ratio in the M group were markedly increased, but the mGluR5 mRNA level was obviously decreased,while the expression of mGluR1 in the ST and LT groups was decreased,and mGluR5 was increased.Conclusions Seizure activity in rats can be inhibited by 20 mT RMF,and the expression of mGluRl and mGluR5 in the hippocampus of rats suffering seizures can be markedly influenced by longer-term RMF.

AIM: To study the suppressive effect of glycyrrhizin (GL), a Chinese medicine, on DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups according to different medication: GL 1 (11 mg/kg) group; GL 2 (22 mg/kg) group; GL 3 (44 mg/kg) group; dexamethasone (DXM, 0.75 mg/kg) group; and normal saline group. For induction of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to DNFB, mice were sensitized to abdomen and challenged to right ear by epicutaneously DNFB. Each mouse was administrated intraperitoneally on day 1 to day 5 with different medication. The suppression of mice CHS by different medication were evaluated 24 hours after elicited, according to ear thickness difference, ear weight difference and pathological change of challenged ear section. Thymus index and spleen index were calculated to see the effect on mouse immune system to CHS. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline group, the ear thickness difference and ear weight difference were both significantly reduced in GL1, GL2, GL3 and DXM groups (P

AIM: To study the suppressive effect of c hu ankezhi (CKZ) injection, a Chinese medicine, on murine allergic contact dermatit is (type IV hypersensitivity). METHODS: Mice were divided into 6 groups according to different medicine treatments: CKZ high, middle, low dose ( CKZⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ) groups, dexamethasone(DEX), benadryl and saline groups. Murine alle rgic contact dermatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2, 4-dinitro fluorobenzene. Different medicines were administrated at 2 h before sensitizatio n on day 0 and day 1, day 2, 2 h before elicitation and 6 h after on day 5. The six experimental groups were compared according to left ear thickness difference (S1), left ear weight difference (S2), body weight difference (S3) and dermal i nflammatory infiltration cell number. RESULTS: Compared with saline group, the left ear swelling and d ermal inflammatory infiltration cell number were significantly reduced in CKZⅠ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ and DEX groups (P

Objective To observe the safety of telbivudine (LdT) application throughout pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for women of childbearing age with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who took LdT before pregnancy and in early pregnancy were followed up prospectively for evaluating maternal and newborn adverse events.All newborns received block of HBV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) after birth and were followed up for neonatal disorders and effects of maternal and child block.Results Among the 145 cases of pregnant women,143 were diagnosed as CHB and 2 decompensated cirrhosis.One hundred and five (72.4％) patients had HBV DNA＜500 copy/mL and 125 (86.0％) had positive hepatitis B e antigen.There were total 154 times pregnancies including 17 spontaneous abortions,4 ectopic gestation and 9 pregnancies after abortion.One hundred and one cases finished pregnancy,with 100 full term deliveries,1 preterm delivery and 2 twin pregnancies.One fetal with cleft lip and palate was aborted by induced labor in 24 weeks gestation.One baby was born with right double ears; one had benign lymph node under the left ear; and another one was diagnosed with congenital heart disease.Seven of the pregnant women had creatine kinase increased.Eight developed drug resistance.However,none had disease progression during pregnancy.None of the 63 infants was hepatitis B surface antigen positive over the 6 months of follow-up.The prevention of HBV MTCT was 100％ successful.Conclusion It is safe and effective for women with chronic HBV infection to receive LdT treatment throughout pregnancy.