To improve the yield of industrial fermentation, a method based on near infrared spectroscopy was presented to predict the growth of yeast.The spectral data of fermentation sample were measured by Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer in the process of yeast culture.Each spectrum was acquired over the range of 10000-4000 cm1.Meanwhile, the optical density (OD) of fermentation sample was determined with photoelectric turbidity method.After that, a method based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select characteristic wavelength variables of NIR data, and then extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm was employed to develop the categorization model about the four growth processes of yeast.Experimental result showed that, only 30 characteristic wavelength variables of NIR data were selected by CRAS algorithms, and the prediction accuracies of training set and test set of the CARS-ELM model were 98.68% and 97.37%, respectively.The research showed that the near infrared spectrum analysis technology was feasible to predict the growth process of yeast.

Objective To identify the incidence and risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients supported with mechanical ventilation over 48 hours. Method A total of 127 ICU patients supported with mechanical ventilation for over 48 hours were enrolled from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008 for the retrospective study. Exclusion criteria included the history of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer, recent gastrointestinal surgery, brain death and active bleeding from nose or throat. Demographics of patients including age, diagnosis at admission, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, pattern and parameters of ventilation, ICU mortality, A-PACHE II score, multiple organ dysfunction score, and the results of biochemical assays including renal, hepatic and coagulation functions were recorded. Risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed by using univariate analysis And multiple logistic-regression analysis. Results Of the 127 patients, the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was 41.7% . and among them 3.9% patients suffered from clinically significant bleeding. However, the independent risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding were the peak inspiratory pressure > 30 cmH20 (RR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.59-9.46), renal failure (RR = 1.16,95% CI = 1.02 - 2.32), PLT count <50× 109 L-1(RR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.32 - 15.78) and prolonged APTT (RR = 4.58, 95%CI = 2.32 - 12.96). The good entetal nutrition had a beneficial effect to the avoidance of gastrointestinal bleeding ( RR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0. 13 - 0.67). Conclusions The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is high in patients supported with mechanical ventilation, and the bleeding usually occurs within the first 48 hours. High pressure ventilator setting, renal failure, decreased PLT count and prolonged APTT are significant risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the good enteral nutrition is the independent protective factors.

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacologic action of Artemisia burning products.

METHODSThe extractions of Artemisia burning products were determined by spectrophotometry. The scavenging ability of Artemisia burning products on DPPH was evaluated. The chemical components and structures of Artemisia burning products were analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

RESULTSThe scavenging ability of extractions from Artemisia burning products was the strongest. Thirty-six chemical components were detected, and the 5-tert-Butylpyrogallol among them had a stronger anti-oxygen capacity, its scavenging free radical ability was 1.55 times and 1.21 times as strong as VitC and BHT, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe scavenging free radical ability of 5-tert-Butylpyrogallol extracted from Artemisia burning products is stronger than the natural antioxidant of VitC and artificial synthetic of BHT.

Artemisia ; chemistry ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Spectrophotometry

Objective To observe the effects of a new immunosuppressive agent, FFY720, on rat glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) apoptosis and on gene expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Methods Rat GMCs were cultured with 20 μmol/L FTY720 for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and then were evaluated for proliferation through MTT method, and for apoptosis by flow cytometry and fluorescence stainig with Hoechst33258 and PI, and DNA fragmentation analysis. The gene expression profile of cell cycle regulatory proteins was characterized in rat GMCs before and after FTY720 treatment by SuperArray real-time PCR microarray analysis. Results After incubation with FTY720 for 6 h, apoptotic sub-G1 peak was identified in GMC through flow cytometry. After incubation with FTY720 for 12 h, not only apoptosis bodies of GMC were observed by fluorescence staining with Hoechst33258 and PI, but also typical morphological changes of apoptosis were found in GMC. After incubation with FRY720 for 24 h, typical DNA ladder pattern was identified. The percentage of FTY720-iuduced GMC apoptosis gradually increased with the extension of incubation time. SuperArray real-time PCRmicroarray analysis revealed that FTY720 could respectively up-regulate the expression of Dnajc2, LOC688900 and RGDi562436_predicted genes to 41.6, 38 and 16 folds. Conclusion FTY720 can induce GMC apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, probably through influencing gene expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins.

Objective To investigate the social cognition and its correlation with social function for attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS). Methods From August, 2014 to December, 2015, 39 patients with APS were recruited as research group. Another 40 normal healthy persons with similar gender, ages, and education levels were selected as control group. The Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPR) and Yoni Task Test were used to evaluate the social cognition, and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) was used to evaluate the social function. The correlation between FPR, Yoni Task Test and SDSS in the research group was analyzed. Results In FPR test, the faux pas questions score, control questions score and total score of FPR were significantly lower in the research group than in the normal control group (t>2.378, P<0.01). In Yoni Task Test, the cognitive theory of mind total score (Cog), cognitive theory of mind first-level score (Cog1) and cog-nitive theory of mind second-level score (Cog2), and affective theory of mind total score (Aff), affective theory of mind first-level score (Aff1) and affective theory of mind second-level score (Aff2) were significantly lower in the research group than in the normal control group (t>2.341, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in control theory of mind total score (Phy), control theory of mind first-level score (Phy1) and control theory of mind second-level score (Phy2) between two groups (t<1.430, P>0.05). The SDSS total score was signifi-cantly higher in the research group than in the normal control group (t=13.032, P<0.001). In the research group, FPR's faux pas questions score and FPR's total score were negatively correlated with SDSS score (r>0.473, P<0.01); in Yoni task test, Cog's total score and factor scores, Aff's total score and factor scores were negatively correlated with SDSS score (r>0.448, P<0.01). Conclusion Social cognition func-tion in APS is impaired. It is associated with social dysfunction in APS.

Objective To study the influence of electro-acupuncture(EA)at Zusanli points(足三里穴) on the apoptosis of thymocytes in rats with abdominal infection and its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups,including normal control group,model group,non-acupoint group and Zusanli group.The abdominal infection model of rat was made by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).After abdominal cavity infection for 36 hours,the apoptosis of thymocytes was observed under electron microscope and light microscope,and the apoptosis ratio of thymocytes was determined by Annexin V-PI method with flow cytometry technique.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes and concentration of corticosterone in plasma were determined.Results Abdominal infection resulted from CLP could significantly increase the apoptosis of thymocytes and lead to the typical histopathological changes of apoptosis of thymocytes under electron microscope and light microscope.Apoptosis ratios of thyrnocytes in model group[(44.7?3.3)%],non-acupoint group[(42.7?3.0)%]and Zusanli group[(32.6?3.3)%] were significantly higher than the ratio in the control group[(21.2?2.3)%,all P0.05).Abdominal infection resulted from CLP also could reduce the content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes in model group(71.2?5.6),non-acupoint group(73.5?5.9)and Zusanli group(82.4?6.8) were significantly lower than normal control group(95.3?6.3,all P

Objective To observe the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on apoptosis of human fibrob- last-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) and to study the mechanism.Methods HFLS-RA were cultured with standard medium as control group or with mediums supplemented with 0.5,2,8?mol/L ATO respectively.The apoptosis of HFLS-RA cultured for 72 h with different concentrations of ATO were in- vestigated under electron microscope.Apoptosis exponent was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf erase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL).To detect the proliferation of HFLS-RA euhured with ATO,MTr assay were carded out in 5 consecutive days.Moreover,the NF-kB mRNA level of HFLS-RA was measured by RT-PCR after treated with ATO for 24 h.Results ATO induced the apoptosis of HFLS-RA. Apoptosis exponent was increased in a dose dependent manner in TUNEL experiment,especially in the cells treated with 2 and 8?mol/L ATO (P＜0.05).HFLS-RA proliferation was inhibited in both dose and time de- pendent manner when cultured with ATO.Meanwhile,the NF-kB mRNA level was decreased in ATO treated groups,which was especially significant in mediums cultured in higher than 2?mol/L ATO (P＜0.05).Con- clusion ATO depresses the proliferation of HFLS-RA and may increase the apoptosis by decreasing the ex- pression of NF-kB mRNA.These findings suggest that ATO have the potential to be a novel therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVESome recent studies revealed that phenthiazine might be able to reverse tumor cell drug-resistance. Chlorderazin belongs to the phenthiazine compounds. The study aimed to investigate the reversing effect and mechanism of chlorderazin on multidrug resistance of leukemic cell line K562/AO2.

METHODS(1) The cytotoxicities of chlorderazin were assayed with the tetrazolium dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. (2) The reverse effect of chlorderazin on K562/AO2 cells was analyzed with MTT method. The multidrug resistance reversal index (RI) was equal to the ratio of control group IC(50)/test group half inhibition concentration IC(50). (3) The intracellular daunorubicin (DNR) concentrations were measured by the flow cytometry. (4) Mdr1 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ratio of mdr-1/beta-actin density was calculated.

RESULTS(1) Chlorderazin 3 micro g/ml showed little toxicity to K562/AO2 cells and the suppression rate was less than 5%, so the concentration of 3 micro g/ml chlorderazin was selected as the experiment concentration. (2) The cytotoxicities of DNR to K562/AO2 were enhanced by 3 micro g/ml of chlorderazin (P < 0.05) and RI was 1.901. (3) Chlorderazin of 3 micro g/ml could increase the intracellular DNR accumulation significantly (P < 0.05), and the fluorescence staining by the flow cytometry was higher (250.95 +/- 18.96) than the control group (112.75 +/- 15.78) and shift right in K562/AO2 cells treated with chlorderazin, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (4) Chlorderazin has no significant influence to the expression level of mdr-1 mRNA. Both test group and control group showed a clear mdr-1 mRNA band located at the position of 157 kb. The ratios of mdr-1/beta-actin density were 0.414 +/- 0.012 in the test group and 0.447 +/- 0.027 in the control group, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChlorderazin could reverse the multidrug resistance by increasing the intracellular DNR accumulation in K562/AO2 cells. The effects had no correlation to the mdr-1 gene. Further study is needed.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Antiemetics ; pharmacology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Chlorpromazine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and safety of modified Shengma Biejia Decoction (MSBD) combined with CAG program in treating elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with yin deficiency toxin stasis syndrome (YDTSS).

METHODSTotally 46 elderly AML patients were assigned to the treatment group (24 cases; treated with MSBD + CAG) and the control group (22 cases; treated with CAG + placebos of Chinese medicine) according to random digit table. The therapeutic course of CM placebo or MSBD was 21 days. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. Meanwhile, physical state (ECOG Score), transfusion dependency, and TCM syndrome score were compared before and after treatment.

RESULTS(1) The complete remission rate was 54% (13/24) and the objective response rate (ORR) was 71% (17/24) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those of the control group [36% (8/22); 54% (13/24)], with statistical difference (P = 0.036, 0.042). When comparing the efficacy based on risk level, the moderate and poor ORR was 71% (10/14) and 67% (6/9) in the treatment group, and 57% (8/14) and 33% (2/6) in the control group, with statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.048; P = 0.010). (2) Compared with before treatment in the same group, the ECOG score significantly decreased, the average infusion time of red cells and platelets were markedly prolonged in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.05). ECOG score, the average infusion time of red cells and platelets were significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with before treatment in the same group, scores of fever, hemorrhage, and bone pain were markedly reduced in the control group (P < 0.05); scores of fever, fatigue, hemorrhage, dry mouth, and bone pain were markedly reduced in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Better effect in relief of fever, fatigue, hemorrhage, dry mouth, and so on was obtained in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) In aspect of hematotoxicity, the incidence of neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia was obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group [29.2% (7/24) vs 54.5% (12/22); 16.7% (4/ 24) vs 45.5% (10/22); 33.3% (8/24) vs 63.6% (14/22); P < 0.05]. The incidence of fatigue and anorexia was obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group [37.5% (9/24) vs 63.6% (14/22), 37.5% (9/24) vs 81.8% (18/22); P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONMSBD combined with CAG program in treating elderly AML patients with YDTSS, with efficacy enhancing toxicity reducing effect, had distinct advantages in improving physical condition and clinical symptoms, and reducing transfusion dependency.

Aclarubicin ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

Fifteen tissues of 4-year-old fruit repining stage Jilin ginseng were chosen as materials, six kinds of monomer saponins (ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd) content in 15 tissues was measured by HPLC and vanillin-sulfuric acid method. The relative expression of FPS, SQS, SQE, OSC, β-AS and P450 genes in 15 tissues was analyzed by real-time PCR. The correlations between ginseng saponin content in 15 tissues of Jilin ginseng and biosynthetic pathway -related genes were obtained. The results showed that was a synergistic increase and decrease trend of positive linear correlation among six kinds of monomer saponin content, and there was a significantly (P < 0.01) positive correlation between monomer saponin content and total saponins content. Monomer saponin content and 6 kinds of enzyme gene correlation were different. Biosynthesis of ginseng total saponins and monomer saponin were regulated by six kinds of participation ginsenoside biosynthesis enzyme genes, the expression of these six kinds of genes in different tissues of ginseng showed collaborative increase and decrease trend, and regulated biosynthesis of ginseng ginsenoside by group coordinative manner.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Panax ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Structures ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saponins ; analysis ; metabolism