ObjectiveTo investigate the learning curve of total thoracoscopicy cardiac surgery.MethodsClinical data of a succession of 125 patients undering total thoracoscopicy ASD and VSD repair between October 2004 to January 2010 were collected and reviewed.The procedure was perfomed by the same surgeon.The patients were divided equally into 5 groups (groupA,B,C,D and E,n =25 in each group ) according to the sequence of the operation.The operative time,extracorporeal circulation time,aortic cross-clamped time,the rate of conversion rate to thoracotomy and postoperative complications were compared between the 5 groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the 5 groups with respect to age,gender,weight,dieases and surgical approach(P ＞ 0.05).The operative time,extracorporeal circulation time and aortic clump time in group A and group B significant longer then that in group C,group D and group E(P ＜0.05).Group A and group B was no statistically significant difference each other( P ＞ 0.05 ).Group C,D and E have no statistically significant differences between(P ＞0.05 ).The rate of conversion rate to thoracotomy and postoperative complications in 5 groups have no statistically significant differences comparative( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe learning curve of total thoracoscopicy surgery is approximalely 50 cases.

Objective To compare the effects of electroacupuncture at points Shangjuxu(ST37), Zusanli(ST36), Xiajuxu(ST39) and Yanglingquan(GB34) on colonic expressions of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor a7 mRNA (nAchRa7mRNA) in ulcerative colitis rats and investigate if large intestine lower He-Sea point Shangjuxu has relative specificity to fu organ diseases. Method Seventy healthy SD rats were randomized into blank, model, Shangjuxu, Zusanli, Xiajuxu, Yanglingquan and Chengjin groups, 10 rats, half male and half female, each. A rat model of ulcerative colitis was made by induction of 2-4-6 three nitrobenzene sulfonic acid/ethanol solution enema in every group except the blank group. After successful model making and ten days of treatment, rat colonic mucosal ulcers and inflammation were observed macroscopically, colonic IL-1bcontent was measured by ELISA and the expression of nAchRa7mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Result Compared with the model group, colonic lesions were reduced in varying degrees, colonic IL-1b content was significantly lower and the expression of nAchRa7mRNA was higher in every acupoint group (P<0.05, P<0.01);the colonic ulcer score was lower in the Shangjuxu and Zusanli groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the Shangjuxu group, colonic expression of nAchRa7mRNA was lower in the other four acupoint groups (P<0.01); colonic mucosal ulcers and inflammatory lesions were more severe and the colonic ulcer score and the IL-1bcontent were higher in the Xiajuxu, Yanglingquan and Chengjin groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion The mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment for ulcerative colitis may be that it regulates abnormal immunologic function by modulating IL-1b and nAchRa7mRNA and reduces mucosal lesions. The overall therapeutic effect of Shangjuxu is better than those of Zusanli, Xiajuxu, Yanglingquan and Chengjin, indicating that Shangjuxu has relative specificity to fu organ large intestine.

Objective To determine the drug-resistance rate of Enterococci isolated from patients of 5 padiatric hospitals located at different areas in China,and to investigate the distribution of resistance genes ermB,mefA,tetM and the integrase gene intTn of Tn1545 in Enterococci.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility to 8 antibiotics of 2 216 Enteroeocei isolates was determined.PCR was used to detect the macrolide resistance genes ermB and mefA,tetracycline resistance genes tetM,and the integrase gene int-Tn of Tn1545.Results The resistance rates to erythromycin,ampicillin,gentamicin and teicoplanin were 86.5%,48.0%,60.5% and 0.7%,respectively.All isolated Enterococci straim were found sensitive to vancomycin.Of the detected 225 strains,70.7% of the 225 detected strains carried ermB gene while 75.1% of them carried tetracycline resistance gene tetM:only one strain had mefA.The presence of ermB gene in erythromycin MIC＞256 mg/L straim group(95.7%)strains was higher than those in erythromycin MIC＜256 mg/L group(2.5%).The int-Tn gene was detected in 40.9%(92/225)of the 225 test strains.The presence of ermB gene in int-Tn positive group strains was higher(84.8%)than those in int-Tn negative strains group(60.9%).So did the tetM in int-Tn positive group(83.7%)compared with those in int-Tn negative group(70.0%).Conclusions Enterococci sbowed a high resistance rate to the antibiotics we monitored,especially to erythromycin;but still very senstive to glycopeptide antibiotics. Resistance to macrolide in Enterococci collected from clinical in five Children's Hospital was generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via ermB methylase. Enterococci resistance to tetracycline was predominantly due to ribosomal protection encoded by tetM. There was a strong relationship of the ermB and tetM genes with Tn1545-related elements.

AlM: To investigate the association between the degree of anterioruveitis and related factors including inflammatory markers as well as sacroiliac joint imaging in patients with ankylosing spondylitis ( AS) .
METHODS: Anterior changes evaluated by slit lamp, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C - reactive protein ( CRP ) and magnetic resonance imaging of 55 cases with AS associateduveitis were retrospectively analyzed. A modified endotoxin-induced uveitis ( ElU ) clinical standard was used for uveitis grading. SPARCC sacroiliac scoring was used to evaluate bone edema of sacroiliac joint. The correlation between the degree of uveitis and sacroiliitis was assessed.
RESULTS: ln the 55 patients with AS, ElU grading scored 2-10, and SPARCC index scored 0-22. Further analysis showed that the severity of uveitis was significantly correlated with ESR (r=0. 869, P<0. 001) and CRP (r=0. 485, P<0. 001). The degree of anterior uveitis in AS patients was not correlated with inflammation of sacroiliac joint (r=0. 237, P=0. 081).
CONCLUSlON: Local autoimmunity of uveitis and sacroiliac joint inflammation with subsequent bone formation in AS might be mutually independent processes.

Polymeric micelles which are self-assembled from amphiphilic copolymers are thermodynamically stable, and they can solubilize hydrophobic drugs by the hydrophilic core. Many excellent active compounds are confined because of general low oral bioavailability due to poor solubility. Take into account from the two points above, polymeric micelles may be used as proper oral carrier to improve the dissolubility of hydrophobic drugs, and enhance the permeation though gastrointestinal tract, therefore, the pharmacodynamics is elevated. Meanwhile, the segments in copolymers are multivariate, so many kinds of micelles can be obtained, such as, pH- or thermo- sensitive as well as mucoadhesive ones. The modified micelles can alter drug release profiles while solubilizing them, that is why the oral bioavailability increase further. In this review, recent progress of polymeric micelles used in oral administration is summarized, and the prospect of polymeric micelles' application in this field is also evaluated.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Micelles ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Risperidone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Silymarin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Solubility

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mastoiditis ; complications ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo compare the immediate effect of moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) on body surface thermograph between the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and healthy people.

METHODSThirty-five cases of MPS were selected in observation group and 15 cases of healthy people were in control group. ATIR-M301 medical infrared imaging device was used to observe the changes in body surface thermograph before and 15 min after moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) The qualitative analysis of picture pattern and the quantitative analysis of temperature were integrated to compare the differences between two groups.

RESULTSConcerning to the infrared thermograph expression on the back of MPS cases in observation group, the abnormal thermal zone presented in 88.6% of the cases, mostly distributed in the upper and secondly in the lower back. The spinal thermal line was broken or disappeared ine about 50% of cases. The location of pain complained by 71.4% of cases was coincident with the zone of infrared thermograph expression. There was statistical significant difference in the temperatures difference of the two sides in the upper abnormal thermal zone on the back in observation group as compared with control group (P < 0.001). Body surface thermograph on the back were impacted by moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) for either MPS patients or healthy people, especially in upper back and rhomboid fossa. Moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) increased much more apparently the temperature on the upper back in MPS patients as compared with healthy people (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB34) brings the immediate improvements in the back thermograph for MPS patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Temperature ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Thermography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Qianlie Huichun capsule on the microstructure and ultranstructure of prostate glandular tissue in the model rat.

METHODHynertophy of prostate model rat was established by injecting testosterone to gelding male rats. After having been fed with Qianlie Huichun capsule for 30 days, the rats were killed and prostate tissues were resected for pathomorphological studies with microscope and electromicroscope, and the diameter of glandular lumer and the height of glandular epithelial cells were measured under the microspcope for different groups of rats.

RESULTIn the model groups, the glandular epithelial cells mutiplycated notably, showing stratified and pseudostratified cells that made the glandular lumer cramped. Under the electromicroscope, the glandular epithelial cells became high columnor and the rough endoreticulum extremely expanded. But in treatment groups, the change of the diameter of the glandular lumer and the height of the glandular epithelial cells were less remarkable than those in model groups. So the differerence between the model group and the treatment groups was remarkable (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONQianlie Huichun capsule can depress the glandular epithelialceu multiplication of prostate gland in model rats.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Male ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prostate ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Placentation,which is critical for maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients and gases,is a complicated process comprising stepwise vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.Hypoxia caused by impairedtrophoblast invasion may cause various angiogenic abnormalities in human placenta.The Notchl signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis.The angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under normal/hypoxic conditions and the mRNA/protein level of Notchl/Dell4/Jaggedl were investigated in this study.The effects of DAPT/JAG-1 on the migration of HUVECs were also assessed by cell wound healing assay,so as to discover the possible role of notchl signaling pathway in the angiogenesis of human placenta.The results showed that angiogenic ability of HUVECs was seriously reduced under hypoxic conditions.The mRNA and protein levels of Notchl/Dell4/Jaggedl were decreased in the hypoxic group compared to the control one.In addition,the migration capability of HUVECs was significantly obstructed when treated with DAPT and under hopoxic condition,but promoted when treated with JAG-1.The above results demonstrate that hypoxia downregulates the angiogenesis in human placenta via Notch 1 signaling pathway.

Host genetic factors, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, are important in Human immunod-eficiency virus (HIV) infection and its progression to AIDS. HLA class I genes, especially highly polymorphicHLA-B genes, are involved in the activation of HLA-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against HIV, andthus control susceptibility to or protect against this virus. The present study was aimed to determine the distributionof HLA-B alleles in the Chinese Uygur ethnic group and its association with HIV infection. One hundred ten healthycontrol (HIV negative) and 128 HIV positive Chinese Xinjiang Uygur ethnic individuals were used in this study.HLA typing for B allele was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific primers (SSP).Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was calculated using POPGENE software for the healthy control group. The HLA-Bfrequency of each allele was compared between the patients and the controls using the chi-square test. In HIV-1-pos-itive group, gene frequency of allele B * 4901 was significantly higher compared to the healthy control subjects (P=0.02, OR=3.06, 95%CI=1.16～8.10 forB*4901). In contrast, the gene frequency of B * 40 in healthy controlswas significantly higher than in the HIV-positive patients (P=0.02, OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.07～0. 92 for B* 40).In this study, HLA allele B * 4901 may be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, whereas the B* 40 allele may be associated with resistance to H HIV-1 infection.