The MPN method was used to enumerate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in water and sediments of several shallow lakes. The suitable incubation time, medium types and substrate (ammonium sulphate) concentrations were studied. The results showed that, MPN values increased with the incubation time, reaching a stable maximum at some time stages, which was 40 days in all the samples for MSF medium. Among the three media used (XZ-AOB、MSF、SW), MSF give the highest MPN value. In addition, am- monium sulphate concentration in medium was an important factor affecting MPN estimation of AOB. Compared to AOB in lake sediments, AOB in lake water was more sensitive to ammonium sulphate concentration.

Objective To investigate the effect of progressive neurological deterioration ( PND) of cerebral watershed infarction on early prognosis. Methods The consecutive patients with cerebral watershed infarction admitted in the Department of Neurology,Jinling Hospital,Nanjing University School of Medicine and their cerebral watershed infarctions confirmed by the imaging examination from March 2009 to March 2014 were enrolled. The clinical features, laboratory indicators and imaging features of internal watershed infarction,cortical-type watershed infarction,and mixed watershed infarction were identified and analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used to score neurological deficit. The modified Rankin scale ( mRS) was used to score the prognosis of patients. Single factor analysis was used to compare the differences between the groups. At the same time,the correlation between PND and poor prognosis of cerebral watershed infarction at day 90 was analyzed by multivariable Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 89 patients with cerebral watershed infarction were enrolled,including 43 cortical-type watershed infarctions,36 internal watershed infarctions, and 10 mixed watershed infarctions. Single factor analysis indicated that the incidences of PND of internal watershed infarction and mixed watershed infarction were significantly higher than the cortical-type watershed infarction (36. 1% [n=13],50. 0% [n=5], and 16. 3% [n=7],respectively;P=0. 018). At day 90,28 patients had poor prognosis,and mRS was (3.4±1. 0) scores at day 90. There was significant difference in the types of infarction between the patients with poor prognosis and patients with good prognosis (P<0. 05). In patients with poor prognosis, most of them were internal watershed infarctions,accounting for 50. 0% (14/28),while in patients with good prognosis,most of them were cortical-type watershed infarctions(57. 4% [35/61]). The incidence of PND in patients with poor prognosis was significantly higher than that in patients with good prognosis (57.1% [16/28] vs. 14. 8% [9/61];P<0. 05). The result of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factor, PND was independently associated with the poor prognosis of cerebral watershed infarction at day 90 (OR 6. 969,95%CI 2. 451-19. 869;P<0. 01). Conclusion Compared with the cortical-type watershed infarction, the patients with internal watershed infarction is more prone to have PND, and PND is independently correlate with the poor prognosis at day 90.

Objective To investigate the potential role of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)-angiotensinⅡreceptor 1 (ATRI) pathway on inflammatory activation in the lung of rats. Method Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, Ang II group, AngⅡ+losartan group and losartan group. Lung wet/dry weight (W/D) was recorded to assess lung injury. The total lung homogenates were prepared to detect nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) activation by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assary (EMSA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by colorimetry. Plasma yon Willebrand Factor (vWF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, pathological changes were examined under optical microscope. Results Histologically, alveolar edema, hemorrhage, and massive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in AngⅡgroup, but not in control group and losartan group. Compared with AngⅡgroup, histological injury was lesser in AngⅡ+ losartan group. In AngⅡgroup, lung W/D, NF-?B activation, TNF-?mRNA expression, MPO, MDA and vWF were markedly higher than those in the other three groups. There were not significant differences of lung W/D, NF-?B activation, TNF-?mRNA expression, MPO, MDA and vWF in control group, AngⅡ+ losartan group and losartan group. Conclusions Systemic infusion of AngⅡcould up- regulate inflammatory mediator expression and induce lung injury in rats. AngⅡ, acting mainly through ATRI, induced inflammatory activation in the lung of rats.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, repeated intestinal inflammatory disease. Clinically commonly used therapeutic drugs have some disadvantages, such as poor efficacy and many adverse reactions after long-term application. Although new biological therapies such as anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, overcome common adverse reactions, also have problems such as high price, difficult storage, drug resistance and recurrence after application. In recent years, many new therapeutic methods for inflammatory bowel disease have emerged, for example, modulators that inhibit lymphocyte migration (integrin inhibitors and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists) have been introduced into the clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (interleukin-23 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, etc.) and inhibitors targeting fibrosis and intestinal tissue degradation and remodeling (matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors) are also being evaluated in clinical trials of IBD. Based on the mechanisms of action, this paper intends to outline the current mainstream IBD therapies and some emerging drugs, and briefly introduce their targets to provide reference for IBD drug design and development.

Objective To systematically evaluate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy and the outcome of preterm birth.Method PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Ebsco,CBM,CNKI and Wanfang Data databases were searched to collect cohort studies and case-control studies on the correlation between vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy and preterm birth outcomes,and the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to June 2019.Two researchers independently reviewed the literature,extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Result A total of 6 cohort studies and 3 nested case-control studies were included.A total of 30 891 newborns were included,including 1 912 premature infants.3 Chinese articles and 6 English articles were reviewed including three studies from China,three from North America,two from Europe and one from Australia.The diagnostic criteria for vitamin D deficiency and preterm birth were similar in these studies.After adjusting for age,race and other confounding factors,Meta-analysis results showed that vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy did not increase the risk of preterm birth (OR =1.04,95％ CI 0.90 ～ 1.20,P =0.63).Subgroup analysis were conducted according to the study type,measurement method and regional population,and the results were consistent with the overall results.No significant publication bias was found in the meta-analysis results.Conclusion Current evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy has no significant influence on preterm birth.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical implications of reperfusion arrhythmias during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSData from 228 AMI patients in whom the infarct-related artery (IRA) were successfully recanalized by primary PCI were retrospectively analyzed. The 228 patients were divided into 2 groups: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) group (n=119) in whom MIRI events occurred within minutes after successful recanalization of IRA, and non-MIRI group (n=109). The 119 patients in MIRI group were further divided into 3 subgroups: severe bradycardia with hypotension (brady-arrhythmia subgroup), lethal ventricular arrhythmias requiring electrical cardioversion (tachy-arrhythmia subgroup), and IRA antegrade flow less than or equal to TIMI 2 grade without angiographic evidence of abrupt closure (no-reflow subgroup).

RESULTS(1) Clinical and angiographic data: Compared with non-MIRI group, MIRI group was characterized by more inferior infarct location, shorter ischemic duration, more frequently right coronary artery as IRA, more diseased vessels, more often TIMI 0 grade of initial antegrade flow in IRA, less pre-infarction angina, more renal insufficiency, and higher in-hospital mortality (13.4% vs. 4.6%, P=0.021). (2) The peak CK level was remarkably lower in brady-arrhythmia subgroup than that in non-MIRI group (2010 IU/L vs. 2521 IU/L, P=0.039). The peak CK or CK-MB level was notably higher in no-reflow subgroup than in non-MIRI group (4573 IU/L, 338 IU/L, respectively, P=0.000). (3) Left ventricular ejection fraction in no-reflow subgroup was significantly lower than in non-MIRI group (38.7% +/- 8.3% vs. 51.2% +/- 8.1%, P=0.000), left ventricular end-diastolic volume in no-reflow subgroup was greater than that in tachy-arrhythmia subgroup [(135 +/- 32) ml vs. (105 +/- 19) ml, P=0.029].

CONCLUSIONReperfusion arrhythmias may imply the existence of much survived myocardium and do not enhance myocardial damage, while no-reflow increases myocardial injury and induces permanent impairment of cardiac function.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; complications ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk and protective factors for the occurrence of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSClinical and angiographic data of 228 AMI patients in whom the infarct-related arteries (IRA) were successfully revascularized by primary PCI were analyzed retrospectively. MIRI was defined if the following conditions existed after PCI: severe bradycardia with hypotension, or lethal ventricular arrhythmias requiring electrical cardioversion, or IRA antegrade flow < or = TIMI 2 grade flow without angiographic evidence of thrombus, emboli, dissection or spasm. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent relative factors among 18 clinical and angiographic factors for occurrence of MIRI.

RESULTSMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for MIRI were the time intervals from AMI onset to IRA reflow < or = 6 h (P = 0.014), inferior infarction localization (P = 0.006), IRA antegrade flow prior to PCI < or = TIMI 1 grade (P = 0.028), multivessel lesions (P = 0.063) and renal insufficiency (P = 0.067). Pre-infarction angina was found to be an independent protective factor (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONSShort time intervals from AMI onset to IRA revascularization, inferior wall infarction location, low IRA antegrade flow prior to PCI, multivessel lesions and renal insufficiency may promote the occurrence of MIRI during primary PCI, whereas pre-infarction angina may be a cardioprotective factor attenuating MIRI.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mercury ; urine ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Objective To analyze the application status and problems of PACS so as to facilitate its future development.Methods The application of PACS in some hospital from June 2015 to May 2016was reviewed,and considerations were taken on the hospital conditions to explore the application status and problems of PACS in China.Results There were a number of problems found in Department of International Diagnosis and Treatment,including 13-a active time of image acquisition devices,6.8％ of the workstations and 14.2％ of the image acquisition devices having no interface with PACS,and 2.9％ of the images non-uploaded to PACS.Conclusion PACS in China has to emphasize on stability,high efficiency,safety and reliability to facilitate its future application to medicine,scientific research and teaching.

Objective?To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis of neural endoscopic intracranial hematoma evacuation (NEIHE) and soft channel puncture drainage (SCPD) in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).?Methods?106 HICH cases from January 2015 to December 2016 were divided into endoscopic group (51 cases, NEIHE scheme) and drainage group (55 cases, SCPD scheme) according to random number, operation and complications indicators were recorded, variations on peripheral inflammatory factors and NIHSS neurological deficit score were compared, meanwhile, clinical efficacies were determined.?Results?Though the endoscopic group with operative time (108.5 ± 33.8 vs 85.8 ± 25.4) min and intraoperative blood loss (54.2 ± 17.7 vs 42.6 ± 14.5) ml were significantly higher than drainage group (P < 0.05), the endoscopic group associated with a higher hematoma clearance 48 h post operation (85.8 ± 7.8 vs 74.7 ± 9.2) % (P < 0.05) and lower overall complication rate (13.7% vs 29.1%) (P < 0.05). After 14 d, the endoscopic group with the decreased value of peripheral blood TNF-α (129.5 ± 33.7 vs 107.8 ± 29.5) pg/ml, IL-6 (74.3 ± 22.8 vs 56.7 ± 18.2) pg/ml, hs-CRP (32.6 ± 7.5 vs 27.2 ± 6.6) mg/L were all significantly higher than the drainage group (P < 0.05). After 14 d, endoscopic group with decreased value of NIHSS score was significantly higher than the drainage group (13.0 ± 3.8 vs 10.3 ± 3.5) (P < 0.05). 6 months after operation, the increased Barthel index in the survivors of endoscopic group was significantly higher than the drainage group (44.8 ± 9.7 vs 39.5 ± 11.2) (P < 0.05).?Conclusion?Though the NEIHE is more complicated than SCPD in treatment of HICH, the hematoma clearance is more complete, the complications are less, and the short-term efficacy and prognosis with obvious advantages.