After the background, main contents and paper writers of the medical journal Yi Chao founded in Nanjing during the late period of Republic of China were analyzed with stress laid on its characteristics of nursing experiences and surgical treatment procedures for diseases, its historical values in studying the debate on traditional Chinese and Western medicine and the history of public health and medical cause during the period of Republic of China were elaborated.

Objective To compare the particle pollution to the solution in the ampoule wrapped and broken by non-woven fabrics and medical gauze.Methods Totally 200 pcs of sterile water for injection(2 ml/pc) were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,with 100 pcs for each.For the experimental group,the ampoules were wrapped and broken by disinfected non-woven fabrics.For the control group,the ampoules were wrapped and broken by medical gauze.The solution was sucked from the ampoule with a 10 ml syringe and injected into a measuring cup for testing.Results The quantity of particles in the solution in the experimental group was less than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Wrapping and breaking the ampoule by disinfected non-woven fabrics can reduce particle pollution to the solution,and this method is easy to practice.

BACKGROUND:Some researches demonstrate that bone mineral density of healthy males and females whose ages range from 20 to 40 years reaches the peak.With the age growing,bone mineral density decreases gradually so as to cause osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To analyze changes of bone mineral density and characteristics of osteoporosis in 289 healthy middle and old aged people in two communities,Dongcheng district,Beijing.DESIGN:Cross-sectional study.SETTING:Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,Beijing Hospital,Ministry of Health.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 289 healthy residents over 45 years old were randomly selected from two communities,Dongcheng district,Beijing from June to September 1998.There were 136 males and 153 females,and their ages ranged from 45 to 85 years.Exclusion criteria:① Hepatic and renal disfunction;② effects of various factors on bone metabolism (various acute and chronic diseases;histories of long-term administration of hormone and calcium preparation;19 kg/m2＞index of body mass＞28 kg/m2;long-term bed over three months;unusual occupation).All subjects provided the confirmed consent.METHODS:Dual-energy X-ray bone density meter (Lunar Company,USA) was used to measure bone mineral density of all subjects at proximal end of left femur (neck of femur,great troch,Ward's triangle) and antero-posterior position of lumbar spine (L2-4).Diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis set by WHO and peak bone value acquired from a tackle key program were used to determine diagnostic standards of osteoporosis at various sites.The diagnostic standards were detailed as follows:neck of femur:0.665 g/cm2 of males and 0.677 g/cm2 of females;great troch:0.598 g/cm2 of males and 0.506 g/cm2 of females;Ward's triangle:0.492 g/cm2 of males and 0.514 g/cm2 of females;L2-4:0.760 g/cm2 of males and 0.835 g/cm2 of females.Meanwhile,peak bone value acquired by Key Program During the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period was used to calculate bone mineral density losing rate and prevalent rate of osteoporosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Bone mineral density,bone mineral density losing rate and prevalent rate of osteoporosis at various sites in patients with the two sexes.RESULTS:All 289 subjects were involved in the final analysis.① With the age growing,bone mineral density in the males was not increased obviously;however,decrease of bone mineral density and bone mineral density loss in the females were remarkable,especially over 55 years old.② Analysis of bone mineral density losing rate based on various sites:bone mineral density losing rate in both males and females ranged Ward's triangle＞neck of femur＞great troch＞L2-4.③ Prevalent rate of osteoporosis was increased gradually with the age growing;especially,that in the females was obviously higher than that in the males,and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01).Osteoporosis highly occurred in femur,and then in Ward's triangle and L2-4.CONCLUSION:With the age growing of the females,osteoporosis easily onsets in neck of femur,Ward's triangle and L2-4;especially menopause is the main risk factor for osteoporosis.

Objective To determine the clinical and serological characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods Seventeen patients were studied who had clinical features of AIHA among 222 hospitalized SLE patients in the Department of Rheumatology of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were studied.Among the SLE patients without AIHA,34 patients were chosen by random sampling as controls.The patients' demographic data,clinical manifestations,laboratory test results and other examinations were analyzed retrospectively.Student's t test was used for the comparison of continuous variables,and chi-square test was used for the comparison of proportions.Results The prevalence of AIHA was 7.6％ in cohort of lupus patients.The positive rate of IgG anticardiolipin antibody in the AIHA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (71％ vs 15％,x2=15.366,P＜0.01 ).The occurrence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome between the two groups had no statistical significant difference (x2=0.000,P=1.000).The frequencies of arthritis (12％,x2=4.554,P=0.033),malar rash (6％,x2=4.443,P=0.033),leukocytopenia (12％,x2=8.061,P=0.005) and lymphocytopenia (41％,x2=5.075,P=0.024) were lower in the AIHA group than those in the control group.Three patients in the AIHA group had alveolar hemorrhage in the course of SLE,while there was none in the control group (x2=3.586,P=0.058).Conclusion When lupus patients with AIHA are compared with those without AIHA,the positive rate of anticardiolipin antibody is higher,but the occurrence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome does not increase in SLE patients with AIHA.And the frequencies of arthritis,malar rash,leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia are lower in those patients with AIHA,however,patients with AIHA are prone to develop alveolar hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl 40 injection (HSH)on craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock and ICP.Method Sixty patients suffering from craniecerebral injury accompanied with the hypovolemic shock and admitted to ICU and Neurosurgical Department of Guang dong General Hospital from September 2007 to June 2008,were chosen into the study prospectively.Those who was younger than 18years or older than 70 years,and those who were pregnant or meustruous women,or serious hepatic and renal insufficiency,hypertension,coronaxy artery disease,diabets mellitue,uncontrolled bleeding,brain death,erc were excluded.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Each group included 20 patients and they were resuscitated with LR(500 ml),HIS(4 ml/kg)and HSH(4 ml/kg)respectively.The changos of blood pressure,laboratory examination indices and ICP Were detected before and at 30,60,120 minutes after resuscitation.Results MAP raised over 60 mmHg and ICP declined 10%within 30 min in HIS and HSH groups.The effect of HSH on the improving of blood pressure and the reduction of ICP wag more obvious than that of LR and HIS at 120 minutes(F=18.43,8.99,P<0.05)after resuscitation.There were no obvious oboes of the laboratory examination indices after resuscitation.Conclusions The themputic effect of HSH on ICP and MAP in craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock is obvious and lasting,which would be beneficial to the protection of cerebral function.

Objective To study the appropriate antibiotic for prophylactic use in cesarean section. Methods The effects and side effects of prophylatic antibiotics in 1 266 cesarean section were studied retrospectively. Six regiems were engaged: (1) Penicillin and Ampicillin; (2) Mezlocillin sodium; (3) Sulbactam and Ampicillin; (4) Ciprofloxacin; (5) Clindamycin; (6) Cefacidal. Results The duration of postoperative body temperature return to normal of 1-6 group is (54.0?28.4) hours, (48.9?27.8) hours, (49.9?23.9) hours, (58.6?33.7) hours, (52.5?25.2) hours, (63.1?51.1) hours respectively. It was longer in cefazolin group than the others. There were less puerperal morbidity and side effects of Mezlocillin. Conclusions Penicillin and Ampicillin are still the most common choices as prophylatic antibiotic in cesarean section. Mezlocillin is appropriate as well.

AIDS caused by HIV-1, is a major threat to human being. An anti-HIV formulation from Chinese herbs, so called "Qu Du Zeng Ning", have been recently developed. In this work, the pharmacodynamics of the formulation in vitro was studied. The results showed that Qu Du Zeng Ning inhibit the replication of HIV-1 efficiently in all cell-based assay, with IC50 at 105.2, 70.7, 77.4 microg mL(-1), separately. A significant synergy between the formulation and zidovudine (AZT) was observed, and it also showed a potent activity against HIV-1 drug-resistant mutant.

Aged ; Amyloidosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Dyspnea ; etiology ; Edema ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis

Objective To investigate the apoptosis effect of ischemic postconditioning on levels of IL-6 and ATP during renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in obstructive jaundice rats. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the Sham control group , I/R group , OJ-Sham group , OJ-I/R group , and OJ- I/R+IPO group, with 20 cases in each group. According to the time after ischemia/reperfusion, each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 5), with reperfusion time of 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, respectively. After 1 week of biliary obstruction , rats were sacrificed at 0 h , 1 h , 3 h , 6 h post-I/R , and the left kidneys were taken, renal tissue was used for determination of the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). Results Compared with the OJ-I/R group, the serum level of BUN,Cr decreased significantly in the OJ-I/R-IPO group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce the injury of kidney ischemia-reperfusion in OJ rais , which may be related to the reduced inflammation reaction and the energy metabolism in the kidney.

To prepare HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G and to produce their antibodies, the full length gene fragment of HIV-1 Vif was amplified by PCR from a plasmid of HIV-1 NL4.3 cDNA, and the APOBEC3G gene was obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA of H9 cells. The resulting DNA construct was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pET-32a). Recombinant pET-vif and pET-APOBEC3G were expressed respectively in Eserichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an insoluble protein. The vector also contained a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus for convenient purification and detection. To express and purify the HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G in E. coli cells, the accuracy of inserted gene and specificity of proteins were detected by the two enzyme digestion method, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. Rabbits were then immunized by Vif or APOBEC3G protein and serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA to determine the level of antibodies. Immunoenzyme and immunofluorescence assays were performed to identify the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. The titer of the anti-Vif antibodies was 1:204800, and that of the anti-APOBEC3G antibodies was 1:102400. Thus the antibodies could detect the antigen expression in the cells, demonstrating that fusion proteins with high purity and their corresponding polyclonal antibodies with high titer and specificity were achieved.