The latest developments of techniques that prolong the half-life of protein drugs were reviewed.The therapeutic potential of several proteins is limited by their rapid clearance from the body,resulting in the need for frequent treatment of individuals to maintain drug levels.Several techniques including chemical modification,protein fusion,microsphere,glycosylation,and protease-resistant variants,and so on,prevent rapid degradation of such drugs and prolong their half-lives in vivo.Several successful protein drugs with prolonged half-life have already been on the market or on clinical trials.The principles,efficiencies and scopes of application of these techniques were described,compared and discussed.

Objective To study the relationship between the cancer patients'right to know the true diagnosis and their satisfaction degree with nursing service. Methods We randomly selected 746 patients from the tumor center, the circulation department,the respiration department and surgery department.Questionnaires were designed according to patients'right to know the true diagnosis and the results were analyzed. Results Cancer patients who don't know the true diagnosis wanted to acquire the true information about their diseases but nurses were supposed to keep secret of the actual diagnosis.This contradiction led to the impediment of communication between patients andf nurses compared with other department(P<0.05). Conclusion The right to know their true diagnosis proved to be important for cancer patients in that it could increase the compliance of patients and promote communications so that patients would accept nursing service and the satisfaction degree with nursing service would improved.

We investigated the pathogen of an outbreak of lung infection with unknown causes.By epidemiological analysis,we used real-time PCR,ELISA,gold dipstick,VITEK2 and MALDI-TOF-MS to identify suspicious bacteria.We made use of serum plate agglutination test to confirm the suspicious bacteria and the patient serum.We isolated 2 strains of Cryptococcus albidus from environmental samples.There has been specific agglutination between suspicious bacteria and patient serum.This pneumonia may be related to the infection of Ccryptococcus albidus.

Objective To report the combined Aspergillus and Mucor infections in surgical site after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of two liver transplantation recipients suffering from postoperative combined Aspergillus and Mucor infections and evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Results In the first patient the graft arteries suddenly ruptured on the 8th day postop caused by Aspergillus and Mucor infection failing an emergency surgical rescue. The patient eventually died of multiple organ failure. In the second recipient deep surgical site infection was diagnosed on the 10th day postop. Combination infection of Aspergillus and Mucor was identified by pathology. Despite of aggressive anti-fungal treatment and support, the general condition continued to deteriorate and the patient eventually died of systemic severe infection and respiratory failure. Conclusion Combined Aspergillus and Mucor infections in operative location is a rare complication of liver transplantation, which was usually occult in onset, and the prognosis is poor.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and compare the volatile constituents from M. biondii and M. liliflora.

METHODThe volatile constituents were extracted by head-space solid-phase microextraction, and analyzed by GC-MS.

RESULTSeventy two constituents were identified from M. biondii and M. liliflora, the content of the 25 constituents in both samples were similar, while the kinds of the constituents were obviously different.

CONCLUSIONThe volatile constituents were different between M. biondii and M. liliflora.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Solid Phase Microextraction ; Volatilization

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Securidaca inappendiculata.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate constituents. A combination of MS and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify structures of constituents.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the CHCl3 fraction and their structures were elucidated as 3, 4-dihydroxybezoic acid (1), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxylbenzoic acid (2), coniferaldehyde (3), 7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 8-tetrame thoxyxanthone (4), 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone (5), 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanth-one (6), 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (7).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated for the first time from the genus. The antioxidant activities of compounds 3-6 were assayed by the method of DPPH and compound 3 showed the IC50 value of 4.14 microg x mL(-1).

Antioxidants ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Securidaca ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The chemical consitituents from cytotoxic fraction of the Callicarpa nudiflora extract were isolated and purified by a combination of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported data. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The 50% and 70% EtOH elutions of EtOH-extract showed significant cytotoxic activities, leading to the isolation of twelve compounds, which were identified as luteoloside(1), lutedin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(2), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside(3), lutedin-7-O-neohesperidoside(4), rhoifolin (5), luteolin-7, 4'-di-O-glucoside (6), forsythoside B (7), acteoside (8), alyssonoside (9), catalpol(10), nudifloside(11), and leonuride(12). Compounds 3-6, 10 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 9 was isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that flavonoids 1-6, in various concentrations, showed monolithic proliferation inhibitory activities against Hela, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 3, 5 and iridoid glycoside 11 possessed higher cytotoxicacivities. In short, flavonoids are the main components of cytotoxic extract from C. nudiflora, while phenylethanoid glycosides are the predominant ingredient but inactive to cancer cell lines. In addition, the minor iridoid glycoside expressed weak cytotoxic activity.
Callicarpa ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Structure

Objective To explore the effects of nurses′ risk perceptions of occupational HIV exposure and the self-efficacy on their attitudes and behavior of self-protection in nursing care. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted in eligible nurses with self-designed questionnaire in three conveniently selected comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan. Structural equation modeling was applied in the data analysis. Results Risk perceptions exerted positive effects on the attitudes of self-protection. The standardized path coefficient was 0.45 (P=0.009). The attitudes of self-protection and the risk perceptions exerted no impact on the behavior of self-protection (P > 0.05).The impacts of the self-efficacy on the attitudes and the behavior of self-protection was positive. The standardized path coefficient was 0.15(P=0.02)and 0.53 (P<0.01), respectively. Conclusions Risk perceptions exerted positive effects on the attitudes of self-protection. But the attitudes of self-protection and the risk perceptions exerted no impact on the behavior of self-protection. Self-efficacy can improve the attitudes of self-protection and enhance the behavior of self-protection.

Objective To analyze the difference of the venous port access (VPA) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in cancer chemotherapy.Methods All eligible studies on VPA and PICC were searched in the databases of PubMed,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM),WANFANG Database and VIP Database.Literatures screening,quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted according to Cochrane Handbook;Meta-analysis was calculated by using RevMan 5.2.Results Twenty-nine studies with a total of 4 449 cases of patients were included in this Meta-analysis,with 1 912 cases in experimental group which adopted VPA and 2 537 cases in controlled group which adopted PICC.Experimental group had advantages in the average catheter retention time (SMD=3.36,95％CI 2.51-4.21) and quality of life (RR=1.61,95％CI 1.15-2.24) compared with controlled group.The overall complication rate (RR=0.26,95％CI 0.20-0.34,P＜0.01),phlebitis incidence (RR=0.08,95％CI 0.04-0.16,P＜0.01),catheter infection incidence (RR=0.32,95％CI 0.23-0.44,P＜0.01),catheter obstruction incidence (RR=0.32,95％CI 0.22-0.48,P＜0.01),catheter dystopy incidence (RR=0.18,95％CI 0.09-0.37,P＜0.01) in experimental group were remarkably lower than that in controlled group.However,no significant difference was found between the two groups in the incidence of the puncture success rate for the first time,errhysis or hematoncus,thrombus and catheter leakage (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with PICC,VPA had advantages in a long retention time,fewer complications and few influence on quality of life.Therefore,VPA should be widely used in cancer chemotherapy.