Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a type of self-renewing,multipotential stem cell group that mainly locate in bone marrow.Due to their great expansion,seLf-renewing and the potential ability of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types,BMSCs have become ideal target cells of tissue engineering,cell transplantation and gene therapy.The ophthalmology-related BMSCs research is primarily focused on the therapy of the corneal diseases and retinal diseases.The therapy of the retinal diseases include vitreous cavity injection and subretina transplantation.Both of them get some exciting effectiveness.However,less reports of the application of BMSCs in optic nerve diseases are seen up to now.The research about BMSCs provides a new clue for solving the modern ophthalmology diseases.But the research remains still in an animal experiment stage.Many relevant problems need to solve prior to its going into clinical trial.This review sumumarized the development,characteristics and prospect of BMSCs.

Background Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a main cause for visual acuity decline after modern extracapsular cataract surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on PCO formation following phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in rabbit eyes.Methods Thirty New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized into three groups according to the difference in the implanted IOLs:conventional IOL without modification,IOL coated by a polymer material and IOL with sustained released rapamycin.Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery was performed in the left eye.The anterior ocular segment and PCO formation in the rabbit eyes were examined by slit lamp biomicroscope 1-7 days after operation,and the flare and inflammatory response of the anterior chamber as well as the degree of PCO severity were graded based on the criteria of Yang.The differences in examination outcomes were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis H test.The animals were sacrificed 12 days after surgery and eye specimens were prepared for histopathological examination to evaluate the biological behavior of lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the posterior capsule.Results The coated area of the implanted lens was semi-transparent with a smooth surface.The number of eyes with aqueous flare at grades 3 and 4 insignificantly increased but those with an inflammatory response at grades 3 and 4 significantly increased in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group,compared with the rapamycin modified IOL group on the first day after operation (H =4.038,P =0.133 ; H =8.604,P =0.014).On the seventh day,the number of eyes with aqueous flare at grades 3 and 4 and inflammatory response at grades 3 and 4 significantly increased in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group,compared with the rapamycin modified IOL group (H =8.891,P =0.012 ; H =7.664,P =0.0220).The histopathological examination showed that marked proliferation of LECs appeared between the anterior and posterior capsule in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group;however,less LECs and regenerative cortex were seen in the rapamycin modified IOL group.Conclusions IOL loaded with rapamycin can inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate the severity of PCO after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.The implantation of IOL loaded with rapamycin may be a new approach to the prevention and treatment of PCO.

This study was purpose to investigate the expression levels of HSP70 and MDR1 genes under heat shock and/or adriamycin (ADM) chemotherapy stimulation. The K562 cells were bathed in water at 43 degrees C for 1 hour, then the heat-treated K562 cells were collected and were cultured at 37 degrees C. The expression of HSP70 was assayed by immunocytochemistry, the growth suppression rate of K562 cells was detected by MTT assay, the function of P-gp and the expressions of HSP70 mRNA, MDR1 mRNA were detected by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) respectively. The results showed that (1) the synthesis of HSP70 protein in K562 cells treated with high shock (43 degrees C) reached to high level after culture at 37 degrees C for 2 hours, and moved from cytoplasm to nucleolus, the expression of HSP70 began to decrease following 3 hours of culture at 37 degrees C, and gradually reached to normal level after culture at 37 degrees C for 5 hours, the location of HSP70 expression returned to cytoplasm; (2) the expressions of HSP70 mRNA and MDR1 mRNA increased following 43 degrees C heat shock, and were 4 and 5.8 times higher than that of control group at 37 degrees C culture for 2 hours respectively; (3) the expression of P-gp was higher in ADM group than that in control. The expressions of HSP mRNA and MDR1 mRNA increased significantly in heat shock plus ADM group and ADM group as compared with control (p<0.01). It is concluded that the heat shock and ADM chemotherapy both induce over expression of HSP70 and MDR1 which can maintain stability of K562 cells and may be related to formation of the MDR in leukemia.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Response ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

To explore a rapid and easy method to detect labile iron of pool (LIP) in cells, HL-60 and K562 cells were cultured at a concentration 1 x 10(6)/ml in RPMI 1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The iron deprivation was induced by adding desferrioxamine (DFO) 10 - 100 micromol/L for 0 - 48 hours. The intracellular LIP was measured by probe calcein-AM. Calcein fluorescence was monitored in 1420 multilabel counter. The results indicated that when HL-60 and K562 cells were incubated with different concentrations of DFO, the calcein fluorescence intensity was higher than that of control group at 12, 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.05). Fluorescence value of representing LIP in DFO groups was lower than that in the control group. In conclusion, DFO can decrease LIP in leukemia cells. The approach used in this study may provide a simple and reliable method for detection of intracellular iron homeostasis.
Cation Transport Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Deferoxamine ; pharmacology ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Iron Chelating Agents ; analysis ; metabolism ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; K562 Cells

Cyclic lipopeptide, also named as acylpeptide, which was characteristic with novel structures, was paid more attention in the recent years. Cyclic lipopeptide showed various bioactivities including antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc. Cyclic lipopeptide originated mainly from the second metabolites of microorganism, such as Cyanobacterium, Bacterium, Actinomyces, etc. The bacteria included the genus of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. In this account, the review has been made on the development of cyclic lipopeptide.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Bacillus ; chemistry ; Cyanobacteria ; chemistry ; Daptomycin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipopeptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Peptides, Cyclic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pseudomonas ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of San Baoxin on myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) and thrombogenesis in rats in vivo and ex vivo.

METHODThe experimental model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The Chandler method was used to produced ex vivo thrombosis and an electrical stimulation of common carotid artery was adopted to form in vivo thrombosis respectively, the effect of antithrombosis induced by San Baoxin was observed.

RESULTSan Baoxin significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), obviously elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased the amount of NO of the serum simultaneously. The San Baoxin at the dosage of 10 g x kg(-1) could remarkably lengthen the OT ( P < 0.05). All San Baoxin dosages could inhibit the formation of ex vivo thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONSan Baoxin protects the myocardium from injury of ischemic and reperfusion. The protective effect of San Baoxin may be due to that it can dilate vessels, increase the activity of clearance enzyme of free radical and inhibit lipid peroxidation and the formation of ex vivo and in vivo thrombosis.

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardial Ischemia ; blood ; pathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; pathology ; Nitric Acid ; blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Thrombosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVEFunctionally, erythropoietin (EPO) can promote the proliferation and growth of erythroid progenitor cells, and it is widely used in the treatment of anemia in chronic diseases caused by tumor and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether EPO has any effect on tumor cell iron metabolism and tumor cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) on the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR, CD(71) antigen) of leukemic cell K562 and its relation to cell cycle.

METHODSIn vitro culture of K562 cell was performed with additions of various concentrations of rhEPO and Fe. Treatments were terminated at 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Then each group of cells was incubated with FITC-IgG antibody to CD(71) or PI, a kind of DNA dye. And TfR expression and DNA synthesis status were analyzed by flow-cytometry.

RESULTS(1) The expression of TfR by K562 cells increased significantly when incubated for 72 h with different concentrations of rhEPO. The measurement values of 5 U/ml, 10 U/ml and 20 U/ml groups were 12.2 +/- 1.40, 10.7 +/- 0.99 and 11.1 +/- 0.90, respectively. They were markedly increased when compared with that of control group (6.27 +/- 0.11, P < 0.05). (2) When incubated with rhEPO (5 u/ml) alone or combined with FeCl(3) (100 micro mol/L), the percentages of cells in S phase were 51.1% and 59.6%, respectively. They significantly increased when compared with that of control group (42.9%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIron is very important for the proliferation of both normal cells and leukemic cells. It is essential to the activity of ribonucleotide reductase (RR). The authors hypothesized that rhEPO would increase the expression of TfR and intracellular iron content of leukemic cells, which would enhance the DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, the clinical application of rhEPO to promote erythropoiesis of cancer patients should be cautious.

Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Receptors, Transferrin ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of T(3) on the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and ferritin (Fn) in K562 cells and its possible mechanism.

METHODSFlow cytometry was used for the detection of TfR expression, radioimmunoassay for Fn expression, RNA/protein band shift assay for the binding activity of iron regulatory protein (IRP) and iron responsive elements (IRE), and RT-PCR for TfR and Fn mRNA levels.

RESULTSDifferent concentration of T(3) significantly increased Fn expression of K562 cells, especially at 100 nmol/L and 200 nmol/L (p < 0.05). However, T(3) had no effect on TfR expression. T(3) decreased the binding activity between IRP and IRE, particularly at concentration of 50 nmol/L. Different concentration of T(3) increased Fn-H mRNA level at different time point while it had no effect on TfR mRNA level.

CONCLUSIONT(3) increased Fn expression of K562 cells through the possible mechanisms of either the post-transcriptional regulation or transcriptional modulation.

Ferritins ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Transferrin ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Triiodothyronine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of series of Muskone (the muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Inula Root and neither kind of Common Aucklandia Root) on the heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs, and to explain its pharmacological action on cardiovascular system.

METHODArterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, resistance in coronary artery, total peripheral resistance, work of left artrium and oxygen consumption index of the cardiac muscles were observed in anaesthetic dogs.

RESULTThe series of Muskone decreased arterial blood pressure significantly, dilated coronary artery and peripheral arteries significantly, increased coronary blood flow, decreased resistance in coronary artery, improved the work of left artrium, the oxygen availability of cardiac muscles and the complaisance of arteries in cardiac muscles.

Animals ; Aristolochia ; chemistry ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Cycloparaffins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Inula ; chemistry ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects

AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of methanolic extract of Eupatorium (MEOE) to model rats with chronic soft tissue injury.METHODS The model rats were established by mechanical injury and a subsequent two-week normal feeding for respective administration of high,medium and small dosage of MEOE once a day successively for 14 days.An array of indices,the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histamine,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),nitric oxide (NO) and Collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ,and the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were measured to analyze the effect of MEOE to model rats with chronic muscle injury.RESULTS MEOE resulted in apparent reduction of contents of MDA,PGE2 and NO,and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in muscular tissue (P ＜ 0.05),significantly increased of the SOD in muscular tissue (P ＜ 0.01),a remarkably inhibited expression of the tissue Collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein (P ＜ 0.01),and significantly improved activity of tissue VEGF and bFGF (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The certain therapeutic effects of MEOE to rats with chronic muscle injury may correlate with its influence to the levels of inflammatory factors inhibition,the oxidative stress relief,the overexpression of collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ inhibition,the VEGF and bFGF activity improvement,and the time spare from the repairing.