Purpose::Head injury criterion (HIC) companied by a rotation-based metric was widely believed to be helpful for head injury prediction in road traffic accidents. Recently, the Euro-New Car Assessment Program utilized a newly developed metric called diffuse axonal multi-axis general evaluation (DAMAGE) to explain test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) head injury, which demonstrated excellent ability in capturing concussions and diffuse axonal injuries. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the effectiveness of using DAMAGE for Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy (H50th) head injury assessment. The objective of this study is to determine whether the DAMAGE could capture the risk of H50th brain injury during small overlap barrier tests.Methods::To achieve this objective, a total of 24 vehicle crash loading curves were collected as input data for the multi-body simulation. Two commercially available mathematical dynamic models, namely H50th and THOR, were utilized to investigate the differences in head injury response. Subsequently, a decision method known as simple additive weighting was employed to establish a comprehensive brain injury metric by incorporating the weighted HIC and either DAMAGE or brain injury criterion. Furthermore, 35 sets of vehicle crash test data were used to analyze these brain injury metrics.Results::The rotational displacement of the THOR head is significantly greater than that of the H50th head. The maximum linear and rotational head accelerations experienced by H50th and THOR models were (544.6 ± 341.7) m/s 2, (2468.2 ± 1309.4) rad/s 2 and (715.2 ± 332.8) m/s 2, (3778.7 ± 1660.6) rad/s 2, respectively. Under the same loading condition during small overlap barrier (SOB) tests, THOR exhibits a higher risk of head injury compared to the H50th model. It was observed that the overall head injury response during the small overlap left test condition is greater than that during the small overlap right test. Additionally, an equation was formulated to establish the necessary relationship between the DAMAGE values of THOR and H50th. Conclusion::If H50th rather than THOR is employed as an evaluation tool in SOB crash tests, newly designed vehicles are more likely to achieve superior performance scores. According to the current injury curve for DAMAGE and brain injury criterion, it is highly recommended that HIC along with DAMAGE was prioritized for brain injury assessment in SOB tests.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; adverse effects ; Pancreatitis ; etiology ; Young Adult

AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of methanolic extract of Eupatorium (MEOE) to model rats with chronic soft tissue injury.METHODS The model rats were established by mechanical injury and a subsequent two-week normal feeding for respective administration of high,medium and small dosage of MEOE once a day successively for 14 days.An array of indices,the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histamine,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),nitric oxide (NO) and Collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ,and the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were measured to analyze the effect of MEOE to model rats with chronic muscle injury.RESULTS MEOE resulted in apparent reduction of contents of MDA,PGE2 and NO,and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in muscular tissue (P ＜ 0.05),significantly increased of the SOD in muscular tissue (P ＜ 0.01),a remarkably inhibited expression of the tissue Collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein (P ＜ 0.01),and significantly improved activity of tissue VEGF and bFGF (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The certain therapeutic effects of MEOE to rats with chronic muscle injury may correlate with its influence to the levels of inflammatory factors inhibition,the oxidative stress relief,the overexpression of collagen-Ⅰ/Ⅲ inhibition,the VEGF and bFGF activity improvement,and the time spare from the repairing.

BACKGROUNDLymphocyte subsets play important roles in rejection in liver transplant recipients, and the effect of splenic function on these roles remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility to adjust immunosuppressive agents based on splenic function status through detecting the lymphocyte subsets in liver transplantBeijing recipients.

METHODSThe lymphocyte subsets of 49 liver transplant recipients were assessed in the 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army between June 2014 and August 2015. The patients were divided into splenectomy group (n = 9), normal splenic function group (n = 24), and hypersplenism group (n = 16). The percentages and counts of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, natural killer (NK) cell, B-cell, regulatory B-cell (Breg), and regulatory T-cell (Treg) were detected by flow cytometer. In addition, the immunosuppressive agents, histories of rejection and infection, and postoperative time of the patients were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of clinical characteristics among the three groups. The percentage of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Breg was significantly higher in hypersplenism group than normal splenic function group and splenectomy group (3.29 ± 0.97% vs. 2.12 ± 1.08% and 1.90 ± 0.99%, P = 0.001). The same result was found in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg percentage (0.97 ± 0.39% vs. 0.54 ± 0.31% and 0.56 ± 0.28%, P = 0.001). The counts of CD8+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, and NK cell were significantly lower in hypersplenism group than normal splenic function group (254.25 ± 149.08 vs. 476.96 ± 225.52, P= 0.002; 301.69 ± 154.39 vs. 532.50 ± 194.42, P= 0.000; and 88.56 ± 63.15 vs. 188.33 ± 134.51, P = 0.048). Moreover, the counts of CD4+ T-cell and NK cell were significantly lower in hypersplenism group than splenectomy group (301.69 ± 154.39 vs. 491.89 ± 132.31, P= 0.033; and 88.56 ± 63.15 vs. 226.00 ± 168.85, P = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONSplenic function status might affect the immunity of liver transplant recipients, that should be considered when we make immunosuppressive protocols.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersplenism ; immunology ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; immunology ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Spleen ; drug effects ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; immunology

Background Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a main cause for visual acuity decline after modern extracapsular cataract surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on PCO formation following phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in rabbit eyes.Methods Thirty New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized into three groups according to the difference in the implanted IOLs:conventional IOL without modification,IOL coated by a polymer material and IOL with sustained released rapamycin.Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery was performed in the left eye.The anterior ocular segment and PCO formation in the rabbit eyes were examined by slit lamp biomicroscope 1-7 days after operation,and the flare and inflammatory response of the anterior chamber as well as the degree of PCO severity were graded based on the criteria of Yang.The differences in examination outcomes were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis H test.The animals were sacrificed 12 days after surgery and eye specimens were prepared for histopathological examination to evaluate the biological behavior of lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the posterior capsule.Results The coated area of the implanted lens was semi-transparent with a smooth surface.The number of eyes with aqueous flare at grades 3 and 4 insignificantly increased but those with an inflammatory response at grades 3 and 4 significantly increased in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group,compared with the rapamycin modified IOL group on the first day after operation (H =4.038,P =0.133 ; H =8.604,P =0.014).On the seventh day,the number of eyes with aqueous flare at grades 3 and 4 and inflammatory response at grades 3 and 4 significantly increased in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group,compared with the rapamycin modified IOL group (H =8.891,P =0.012 ; H =7.664,P =0.0220).The histopathological examination showed that marked proliferation of LECs appeared between the anterior and posterior capsule in the conventional IOL group and the polymer modified IOL group;however,less LECs and regenerative cortex were seen in the rapamycin modified IOL group.Conclusions IOL loaded with rapamycin can inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate the severity of PCO after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.The implantation of IOL loaded with rapamycin may be a new approach to the prevention and treatment of PCO.

BACKGROUNDLocal failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy (RT) remains one of the major treatment failures. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) with vagina carotica protection technique for local residual of NPC patients after the primary RT.

METHODSFrom August 2006 to August 2010, FSRT with vagina carotica protection technique was applied to 36 patients in our department, the patients aged between 13 and 76 years with a median of 41.3 years, 25 of them were male and 11 were female. According to 2002 Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Staging System, the stages before primary radiotherapy were: IIa 2, IIb 5, III 18, IVa 7, IVb 4. In the first course of radiotherapy, 9 patients received conventional RT, 27 patients received intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 20 out of the 36 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The total dose in the first course of RT was 69.96 - 76.90 Gy (median, 72.58 Gy). The intervals between the primary RT and FSRT ranged from 12 to 147 days (median, 39.8 days). Target volumes ranged from 1.46 to 32.98 cm(3) (median, 14.94 cm(3)). The total FSRT doses were 10.0 - 24.0 Gy (median, 16.5 Gy) with 2.0 - 5.0 Gy per fraction. The most common regimen was 15 Gy in 5 fractions of 3 Gy, the irradiation dose to vagina carotica was less than 2 Gy per fraction.

RESULTSThe median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 12 - 59 months). The 3-year local control rate was 100%; the 3-year overall survival rate was 94.4%; the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 77.8%. In this study, we had one case of cranial nerve injury, two cases of temporal lobe necrosis, and no nasopharyngeal massive hemorrhage was observed.

CONCLUSIONFSRT with vagina carotica protection technique is an effective and safe RT regimen for local residual of NPC with reduction of radiation-related neurovascular lesions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Dose Fractionation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Young Adult

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a type of self-renewing,multipotential stem cell group that mainly locate in bone marrow.Due to their great expansion,seLf-renewing and the potential ability of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types,BMSCs have become ideal target cells of tissue engineering,cell transplantation and gene therapy.The ophthalmology-related BMSCs research is primarily focused on the therapy of the corneal diseases and retinal diseases.The therapy of the retinal diseases include vitreous cavity injection and subretina transplantation.Both of them get some exciting effectiveness.However,less reports of the application of BMSCs in optic nerve diseases are seen up to now.The research about BMSCs provides a new clue for solving the modern ophthalmology diseases.But the research remains still in an animal experiment stage.Many relevant problems need to solve prior to its going into clinical trial.This review sumumarized the development,characteristics and prospect of BMSCs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment for nonfunctional islet cell tumor (NICT).

METHODSForty-four patients with non-functional islet cell tumor treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during January 1968 to June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 9 males and 35 females, aged from 7- to 70-years-old. Clinical manifestation: 15 cases (34.1%) of abdominal masses, 17 patients (38.6%) with epigastric or back pain, 5 cases of jaundice, 5 cases (11.4%) for upper abdominal fullness or vomiting, 10 cases (22.7%) of pancreatic tumor noticed by routine health checkups or imaging examinations. Imaging examination: CT scan, sonography, ERCP, MRI, upper GI series were performed in 33 (75.0%), 16 (36.4%), 6 (13.6%), 2 (4.5%), and 10 cases (22.7%) respectively. Operation methods: 39 patients (88.6%) underwent surgical resection and the other 5 patients did not.

RESULTS

COMPLICATIONSpancreatic fistula in 7 patients (15.9%), intra-abdominal bleeding in 4 (9.1%), gastrojejunal anastomosis outlet obstruction in 1 (2.3%), biliary fistula in 2 (4.5%) and incisional infection in 3 (6.8%). Surgery related mortality happened in 2 patients (4.5%), both treated before 1999. Twenty-five patients underwent operation between January 1999 and June 2008 were followed up for 6 to 108 months. All survive except one died 75 months after the surgery for unknown reason.

CONCLUSIONSNo specific clinical manifestation is recognized for non-functional islet cell tumor. Spiral CT is an optimal diagnostic method, while surgery is the first choice for treatment. Middle segmental pancreatectomy has become an alternative surgical protocol for NICT.

Adenoma, Islet Cell ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Cyclic lipopeptide, also named as acylpeptide, which was characteristic with novel structures, was paid more attention in the recent years. Cyclic lipopeptide showed various bioactivities including antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc. Cyclic lipopeptide originated mainly from the second metabolites of microorganism, such as Cyanobacterium, Bacterium, Actinomyces, etc. The bacteria included the genus of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. In this account, the review has been made on the development of cyclic lipopeptide.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Bacillus ; chemistry ; Cyanobacteria ; chemistry ; Daptomycin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipopeptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Peptides, Cyclic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pseudomonas ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of series of Muskone (the muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Inula Root and neither kind of Common Aucklandia Root) on the heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs, and to explain its pharmacological action on cardiovascular system.

METHODArterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, resistance in coronary artery, total peripheral resistance, work of left artrium and oxygen consumption index of the cardiac muscles were observed in anaesthetic dogs.

RESULTThe series of Muskone decreased arterial blood pressure significantly, dilated coronary artery and peripheral arteries significantly, increased coronary blood flow, decreased resistance in coronary artery, improved the work of left artrium, the oxygen availability of cardiac muscles and the complaisance of arteries in cardiac muscles.

Animals ; Aristolochia ; chemistry ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Cycloparaffins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Inula ; chemistry ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects