When a series of omics technologies such as genomics, epigenomics and proteomics are proposed, the concept of metabolomics occurs. Metabolomics is a top-down system biology approach, which analyzes endogenous metabolites by using high throughput, high resolution and high sensitivity based on metabolic analysis platform. By identifying characteristic biomarkers and analyzing the biomarkers of metabolic pathway, it will provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, it is more and more widely used in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. In this paper, the application of metabolome analysis in respiratory disease of recent years has been briefly reviewed.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; China ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Thromboembolism ; etiology

Objective To analyze the influence of different operation film drape styles on incision infection in cesarean section . Methods 396 patients of cesarean section in this hospital were divided into two groups from October 2011 to April 2012 .There were 198 patients in group A and 198 in group B .The operation film was pasted after operation sheet draped in group A ,the opera-tion film was pasted before operation sheet draped in group B .Subcutaneous tissue fluid was dipped after skin incision and before skin suture in every patient ,and the tissue fluid was bacterial cultured .Observed dressing infiltration degree after operation ,and fol-low up wound healing of incision after 5 to 7 d .Results The preoperational tissue fluid after skin incision had no bacterial growth in two groups (P>0 .05) .The dressing infiltration in group B (47 cases) was higher than in group A (16 cases) (P<0 .05) .The postoperative tissue fluid had one bacterial growth in group A ,and 4 in group B .The bacterial growth rate in group B was higher than in group A ,but there was no statistically significant (P>0 .05) .There was no postoperative infection happened in group A , and one in group B ,the difference was no significant between two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Two operation film drape styles in cesarean section have no influence on postoperative incision infection ,but the dressing infiltration degree is different .So compre-hensive prevention and control is important to prevent postoperative incision infection .

Objective: To develop a new quantitative determination method for the biological activity of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor. Methods: Dorsal root ganglions were derived from the chick embryo and dispersed into single neuron cell,The rhCNTF was added to neuron cells and incubated for 64 hours,The activity of acid phosphatase in neuron cells was determined and the biological activity of rhCNTF was analyzed quantificationally. Result: rhCNTF could promote original era dorsal root neuron cells of chick embryo surviving,the livability of neuron cells was positively related to the amount of rhCNTF added to the culture. Conclusion: A quantitative determination method for the biological activity of rhCNTF was developed by testing the activity of acid phosphatase in neuron cells. Compared with the typical ways,this method was quantificational easily,repeatable better and with much fewer disturbance factors.

Objective To detect nuclear DNA degradation of bone marrows and brains in rat cadavers at different temperatures,and develop a new parameter for estimating early postmortem interval(PMI).Methods The brain and bone marrow were taken out for every 4h,during 0~40h after death at 10℃ and 20℃,respectively.And the single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) was carried out to detect the nuclear DNA degradation.Linear regression analysis was used to assay the relationship of the comet parameter HeadDNA%,Tail Length(TL) and Olive TailMoment(TM) with PMI.Results Different decline degrees of comet HeadDNA% were found in both brain cells and bone marrow cells after death,the decline of HeadDNA% in brain cells at 20℃ was faster.Compared with degradation in marrow cells,the linear relation between degradation of brain cells and PMI was better.Conclusion with that of comet parameters TL and TM,the perfect linear relationship between HeadDNA% and PMI was also observed.Conclusion Brain tissues are more suitable for PMI estimation by detecting degradation of DNA with SCGE.The HeadDNA% is more valuable for PMI estimation than TL and TM.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of primary gastric malignant lymphoma (PGML). Method The data from 34 PGML medical records were reviewed retrospectively between January 2001 and May 2008. Results There were 23 cases of B-cell malignant lymphoma, 7 cases of T-cell malignant lymphoma, and 4 cases of non-B and non-T small cell lymphoma. Confirmed by pathology, 14 cases of them had metastasis to lymphoid nodes and 5 cases had invaded the organs nearby. All of these 34 cases had gastroendoscopy before operation. Conclusions PGML has no specific manifestation, and the definitely diagnostic rate of gastroendoscopy is low. The surgical resection is the major therapy.Operative pattern,the size of tumor,pathological stage can predicate the prognosis for PGML.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Exercise ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Placebos ; Tyrosine ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Objective:To analyze the secular trends of height among Chinese students aged 17 in dif-ferent ethnic minorities from 1985 to 2010. Methods:A total of 18 Chinese ethnic minorities’ students, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Nakhi, Tu and Qiang as subjects were sampled from the 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. The heights of 17 years old people by gender in various ethnic minorities were analyzed and compared. Results:From 1985 to 2010, the in-crements of adult heights increased significantly in many ethnic minorities’ boys. In 2010, the average height of boys aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 162 cm and was higher than 170 cm among boys from Hui, Mongolian and Korean groups. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 2 cm per decade in boys were Hui (2. 64 cm/decade) and Dong (2. 05 cm/decade) and the ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Korean (1. 99 cm/decade), Tibetan (1. 90 cm/decade), Hani (1. 80 cm/decade) and the other 9 minority groups. The average height of girls aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 150 cm in 2010 . The heights showed an upward trend in 15 minority groups, but with different degrees. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Hui (1. 56 cm/decade) and Korean (1. 29 cm/decade). The increments that were signifi-cant between 1985 and 2010 were Hui (3. 89 cm), Korean (3. 23 cm), Dong (2. 35cm) and the other 6 minority groups ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increments of adult heights may reflect the secular growth change in the major minority groups during the past 25 years, but there was an obvious disequilibrium among various ethnic minorities. We should pay more attention to the minority groups with poor growth and give them more help. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to the nega-tive effects of the secular growth trend on those minority groups with fast increasing adult height.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of age at menarche ( AAM) in Chinese ethnic minority girls aged 9 -18 years, and compare the AAM with that of Chinese Han girls from the same province or autonomous region .Methods:Probit analyses were used to calculate the AAM in various eth-nic minority groups of Chinese girls who participated in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Sur-veillance .The sample size of ethnic minority girls was 31 711, and the ethnic minorities were Mongolian , Hui, Tibetan, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Lisu, Wa, Shui, Dongxiang, Naxi, Kirgiz, Tu, Qiang and Sala.The local Han girls to compare with the AAM were also surveyed in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance .Results:In the 13-year-old group, the percentage of menarche in Sala was the lowest (32.17%), while that in Korean was the highest (93.23%).At the age of 18, 99.60%ethnic minority girls appeared menstruating .The AAM of the top 3 ethnic minority groups were Korean ( 11 .79 years ) , Mongolian ( 12 .44 years ) and Zhuang (12.52 years); and the last 3 ethnic minority groups were Dongxiang (14.36 years), Sala (14.32 years) and Shui (14.02 years).The AAM in Korean was 0.93 years earlier than that of the Han girls from Jilin province;the AAM in Mongolian was 0 .14 years earlier than that of the Han girls from Neimenggu autonomous region;the AAM in Naxi and Qiang was close to that of the Han girls in the same province (region) (P>0.05);and the AAM in Hui, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Lisu, Wa, Shui, Dongxiang, Kirgiz, Tu, and Sala was later than that of the Han girls in the same province ( region) .The cluster analysis indicated that the 26 ethnic mi-nority groups could be classified as three groups: Korean were classified into the earlier age group of AAM;Dongxiang, Sala, Uighur, Yi and Shui belonged to the later age group of AAM;and the other 20 ethnic minority groups were into the middle age group of AAM .Conclusion:There was a large variation among different ethnic minority groups in China .The AAM was earlier in Korean , and Mongolian , com-pared with the local Han girls , and the AAM in other ethnic minority groups was the same or later com-pared with the local Han girls .

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of reduced visual acuity (VA) and to examine the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors among Chinese Han students, so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of reduced visual acuity.Methods: Subjects were from 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH).In this survey, 261 832 Han students aged 7-22 years participated.Unaided distance VA was measured using a retro-illuminated lgMAR chart with tumbling-E optotypes.Ametropia was determined by using serial bronchoscopy.Logistic regression was used to assess the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors.ArcMap 10 was used to map the regional distribution of reduced visual acuity.Results: Nationwide, the overall prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 66.6%, and was highest among the urban girls (73.5%).The prevalence of myopia was 60.8% and accounted for more than 90% among the students with reduced visual acuity.Compared with 2010 CNSSCH, the increments of reduced visual acuity were highest in the students aged 13-15 years (6.8 percentage points).The prevalence of reduced visual acuity ranged from 50.6% to 76.2% in each province (autonomous region, municipality) in 2014 CNSSCH.The top three of the prevalence of reduced visual acuity were Jiangsu (76.2%), Zhejiang (76.0%) and Shandong (75.9%), and the lowest three were Hainan (50.6%), Guizhou (53.9%) and Xinjiang (57.6%).Logistic regression showed that the girls, urban students, and students who spent ≥2 h per day in their after school homework were more likely to develop reduced visual acuity, but the students with physical activity time ≥2 h per day were less likely to develop reduced visual acuity.Conclusion: Although the situation was different in each province (autonomous region, municipality), reduced visual acuity has become a public concern affecting the health of students in China.Based on the intervention on the key populations, such as urban girls and pre adolescent students, we should also continue to strengthen the prevention and control for reduced visual acuity among all students.