Liver fibrosis can be caused by chronic liver injury arising from various etiological factors.The activation of the hepatic stellate cell(HSC) is the central event in liver fibrosis,the apoptosis of which was the initiating factor for the reversal process.The apoptosis of HSC is very complicated.The signaling pathways lack of enough research in regulating and controlling and activating HSC's apoptosis.The apoptosis pathways as known currently mainly include mitochondrial pathway,death receptor pathway and non-death receptor pathway.Based on these signaling pathways,selectively inducing cell death of activated HSCs is becoming the new antifibrotic treatment.This review focuses on the new progress of HSC's apoptosis signaling pathways,and summarizes the drugs that have the effect of inducing HSC apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy by inoculated with hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine in dif-ferent doses and time points to prevent maternal-infant vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods Gravidas positive for HBV were selected and measured HBV DNA,according to difference HBV DNA degrees divided into A,B,C groups.Every group was randomly divided into 4 groups using a variety of combined immunity methods to compare its efficacies.Results There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBV and HBsAb in A,B groups by statistics analysis.There were significant differences in the positive rate of HBV and HBsAb in group C by statistics analysis.Conclusion According to the different HBV DNA take different combined immunodeficiency approach to prevent maternal-infant vertical transmission.

· AlM:To compare the therapeutic effects of different surgical methods in treating pterygium patients and to observe tear film stability.
· METHODS: A total of 120 pterygium patients ( 120 eyes) were divided into three groups, each 40 cases (40 eyes).Data including SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠt), tear break-up time ( BUT) , corneal fluorescein staining ( CFS) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery and the effects of tear function changes.
·RESULTS:There were no significant differences in BUT in group A before the operation and one month after operation.Groups B and C showed significant difference before and after operation, but differences were not statistically significant ( all P<0.05 ); One month after operation, there was significant difference in CFS among group A, B and C (P<0.05), but the difference was not satistically significant between groups B and C; After 3mo, BUT in group A was not significant difference compared with the preoperative; but there was significant difference in groups B and C (P<0.05).When
compared it between groups B and C, there showed no significant difference; Group A showed no significant difference in SⅠt compared with preoperative, SⅠt of groups B and C were significant differences compared with preoperative (P<0.05), but no significant difference between the two groups;After 3mo, CFS of preoperative group A and group B and group C had no significant difference. After 10mo follow - up, there was axsignificant difference ( P<0.05 ) in recurrence rate in group A comparing with groups B and C, there were differences between groups B and C, but no statistically significant.Surgery is more likely to relapse in summer than in winter.
·CONCLUSlON: Pterygium excision combined with self-corneal limbal stem cell transplantation and Tenon capsule closed is an ideal surgical to reduce the recurrence and improve tear film function to some extent.

OBJECTIVE To realize the situation of the infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and the drug resistance among the female patients with urogenital tract infection.METHODS Totally 813 specimens in the female patients with urogenital tract infection were collected,cultured and tested for drug sensitivity with mycoplasma test drug sensitivity kit.RESULTS From the specimens of 813 cases the infection of Uu was in 296 cases(36.4%),the infection of Mh in 13 cases(1.6%),and the mixed was in 71(8.7%) cases,totally 380 cases(46.7%) were infected.The results of drug sensitivity showed that the sensitivities of Uu and Mh to josamycin,doxycycline and minocyclin were remarkable and the drug resistance of Uu and Mh to ofloxacin was the most prominent.CONCLUSIONS The infection of Uu and Mh is high among the femalepatients with urogenital tract infection.Especially the infection of Uu is usual.Uu and Mh have high drug resistance to many antibiotics,especially to ofloxacin.There is some difference between the drug resistances of Uu,Mh and Uu+Mh.To treat the infection of Mycoplasma some antibiotics are good choices,such as josamycin,doxycycline and minocyclin.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of atropine gel combined with anisodamine eye drops on the treatment of iridocyclitis.Methods A total of 174 cases with iridocyclitis in Zhejiang Hospital from May 2013 to July 2015 in this study were selected and divided into the control group and research group with 87 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with tropicamide mydriatic,the patients in the research group were treated with atropine gel combined with anisodamine eye drops mydriatic.Serum levels of inflammatory factors, serum immunoglobulin and complement levels were observed and recorded before and after treatment,the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared.Results The effective rate in the control group(85.06%) was lower than the research group(94.26%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);compared with the control group,serum levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-23,CRP were lower in the research group after treatment, serum levels of IgG,IgE were lower,and serum levels of IgA,C3 were higher after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion The clinical effect of atropine gel combined with anisodamine eye drops in the treatment of iridocyclitis was exactly , can effectively reduce the inflammatory response,improve the immune status,and high security.

Objective:To study changes of serum concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1),endo- thelin (ET )-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)complicated coronary heart disease (CHD)and explore their correlations with inflammatory factors.Meth-ods:The 120 patients with T2DM+ CHD treated in our hospital from May 2013 to Sep 2014 were enrolled in obser-vation group,including 30 cases with SAP,30 cases with UAP,30 cases with NSTEMI and 30 cases with STEMI. Another 30 T2DM cases without cardiovascular diseases during the same period were enrolled as pure DM group.En- zyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure concentrations of HMGB1,ET-1,MIF,CRP,TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8,IL-17 and IL-23,and they were compared among above groups.Results:Compared with pure DM group, there were significant rise in serum concentrations of HMGB1 [(3.49±0.52)μg/L vs.(9.18±1.02)μg/L],ET- 1 [(104.54±12.56)ng/L vs.(256.56±34.16)ng/L],MIF [(87.78±10.52)ng/L vs.(178.32±21.34)ng/L], CRP [(6.28±0.84)mg/L vs.(16.52±2.15)mg/L],TNF-α[(8.54±1.09)ng/L vs.(21.91±2.76)ng/L],IL- 6 [(2.25±0.34)ng/L vs.(6.34±0.82)ng/L],IL-8 [(7.23±0.94)ng/L vs.(15.41±1.97)ng/L],IL-17 [(65.34±8.32)ng/L vs.(141.62±20.18)ng/L]and IL-23 [(125.22±14.23)ng/L vs.(321.12±41.54)ng/L] in observation group,P<0.05 or <0.01. The serum concentrations of HMGB1,ET-1 and MIF were SAP group

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of pleasant events among community-dwelling dementia patients. Methods Totally 266 community-dwelling dementia patients were recruited from Bei-jing,Guangzhou and Tianjin,and were investigated with the Chinese-version Pleasant Events Schedule-AD(PES-AD). Results The overall score of PES-AD was (14.0±6.7). The factor scores from high to low were sensory stimulation activities(0.9±0.5),family activities(0.8±0.5),emotional stimulation activities(0.8±0.4) and autonomy activities(0.6± 0.5). Multiple linear regression showed that the severity of disease,without chronic disease,educational level of de-mentia patients and their caregivers were significant influencing factors of pleasant events,which explained 41.1% of the total variance. Conclusion Sensory stimulation activities of community-dwelling dementia patients were relatively satisfactory,followed by family activities and emotional stimulation activities,but autonomy activities were relatively unsatisfactory. It is suggested to choose appropriate pleasant activities according to the severity of disease for de-mentia patients to improve their quality of life.

Objective To observe the effect of power-assisted functional electrical stimulation (PAFES)therapy on ankle joint function recovery in stroke patients.Methods Ninety hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly and evenly divided into a control group,a PAFES group,and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)group.All groups received conventional rehabilitation training.PAFES group adopted PAFES treatment on affected lower extremities and NMES group was given the NMES therapy on the tibialis anterior of the affected lower limbs,in addition to conventional rehabilitation training.The active range of motion (AROM) of ankle dorsiflexion,FuglMeyer motor assessment (FMA),Barthel index (BI) and Ankle flexion and extension movement (AFEM) in 10 seconds were evaluated before the trial and after 4 weeks treatment.Results After treatment,there were significant differences in the AROM of ankle dorsiflexion,FMA,BI and AFEM (P ＜ 0.05) compared with before treatment within each group.The improvement of AROM of ankle dorsiflexion in PAFES group (8.19 ± 3.39) ° and the values in NMES group (8.96 ± 3.68) ° were to a significantly greater extend than control group (3.88 ± 4.10) ° (P ＜0.05) ; the improvement of FMA and BI in PAFES group was also superior to those in NMES group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The intelligent PAFES therapy could help improve AROM of ankle dorsiflexion,the motor function of the affected lower extremity and the ability of the activities of daily living in stroke patients.

BACKGROUND:Stimulation of the pudendal nerve as a target can improve neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury, by adjusting the frequency, intensity, pulse width, as wel as regulating synergistic effect of detrusor and urethral sphincter. OBJECTIVE: To assess the research status of electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury. METHODS: We searched the folowing databases for articles addressing electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve for neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. The search was updated to July 2014, and the reference lists of the identified studies were manualy screened for additional studies. The study selection and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fourteen studies were included in this review. We derived the folowing points by analyzing the included studies: Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve has positive effects on rehabilitation of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury; pudendal nerve electrical stimulation can modulate the coordination of the detrusor and the external urethral sphincter, improve the bladder compliance and restore bladder function by regulating pudendal-to-bladder reflex and spinal reflexes to the bladder. Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve may be potentialy implemented as a feasible treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury. More high quality researches should be conducted to clarify the efficacy and the potential active mechanisms of pudendal nerve electrical stimulation for neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury because the number of clinical reports published in this study area is limited, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying biphasic regulation of frequency on bladder function are not wel known, and which intensity of pudendal nerve electrical stimulation is more effective than others for the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury remains unknown.