The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the application of Asarum forbesii Maxim. in the fields of medicine and fine chemicals. METHODS:The essential oil was extracted from Asarum forbesii Maxim. by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and the chemical constituents of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS:22 constituents were identified, dominating the list were 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (mass fraction:20.47%), Eugenol methyl ether (15.37%),(Z)-9-Oleic acid(13.21%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (12.53%),Elemicin (11.05%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (7.59), Octadecanoic acid (4.36%). CONCLUSION:The method used on essential oil extraction serves as references for the further exploitation and utilization of Asarum forbesii Maxim..

This study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University for the project of Establishment and Assessment of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. The Ethics Review Platform for Clinical Research is a complete system, which is a Participant Protection System. It includes four as-pects, which are the medical and health institution, ethics committee, ethics committee office, research departments and researchers. In this system, the establishment of research departments and researchers platform is the most cru-cial part. All treatment, protection, risk control, adverse event supervision, which are closely related to the Partici-pant Protection System are completed by researchers. However, during the assessment process, a series of problems were found, such as the current weak ethical consciousness of researchers, less familiar with ethical review process and do not pay equal attention to the participant protection as clinical research. This kind of problem was also found in other hospital assessments in China, which has become a short board of the Participant Protection System.Therefore, from the aspect of the ethics committee, this article presented several ethics problems which should be paid more attention to by researchers such as participant protection, plan design and conduction during the clinical research and also gave some useful advices to change the situation, according to the Assessment Standard of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. In this way, researchers will develop their ethical consciousness and be more familiar with the ethics review process in order to complete key task of participant protection.

Objective To discuss the treatment after orthotopic heart transplantation and the experiences in deal- ing with ins complications.Methods To summarize the postoperative monitoring and management of 9 cases of patients af- ter heart transplantation.Results All 9 cases got out of hospital after recovery with better postoperative cardiac function and life quality.Among of them acute rejection appeared in 1 case earlier and 2 cases later after operation.1 case died later and 1 case had acute renal failure earlier after operation.Conclusion The effective monitoring for immunity and the scientific use of immunosuppressive agents after orthotopie heart transplantation,the active prevention and treannent of complications and its consanguineous follow-up are key factors for improving the survival rate.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to elucidate its possible mechanism. METHODS: The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was detected by XTT method. Lipid droplets accumulated in cytoplasm of the differentiated preadipocytes were observed by using red O staining and quantified by colorimetry. The expressions of peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP alpha) mRNAs and proteins were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS: APS at different concentrations (0.025-0.8 g/L) affected 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation dose-dependently. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with 0.4 g/L APS had lots of lipid droplets in the cytoplasma, which were similar to cells treated with rosiglitazone (ROS). APS significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha (P<0.05, P<0.01, compared with the normal control group) in the course of 3T3-LI preadipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION: APS can promote the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, enhance the accumulation of lipid drops, and increase the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes, which may be associated with its effects in increasing the expressions of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha mRNAs and proteins. The study suggests that APS has potential in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Objective To explore the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the virological and pathological changes of newborn mouse liver congenitally infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Methods Sixty healthy pure line clean level BALB/c mice which were about 10 weeks old (half were female) were divided into five groups (six pairs in each group).The mice in LMWH intervention group and positive control group were intraperitoneally inoculated with 6.0 lg tissue culture infective dose50 (TCID50) of HCMV AD169; those in blank control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM) ; then all the mice were paired to mate.The pregnant mice in LMWH intervention group Ⅰ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days; those in group Ⅱ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days and their newborn mice were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days; those in group Ⅲ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days in their newborn mice.All these newborn mice were sacrificed at day 10 of birth.The liver was removed for virus isolation,dry-wet weight determination,pathology examination and quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection.The comparison among groups was done by analysis of variance.Results HCMV was isolated from the supernatant of liver tissue homogenate in 10-day positive control newborn mice,while HCMV was isolated in 24-day newborn mice of the other three groups of LMWH intervention.Pathology confirmed that positive control liver tissue had inflammatory changed,liver cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,vacuoles degeneration,specific HCMV inclusion body in nuclear,and portion of liver cell necrosis,while liver pathological results of LMWH intervention group showed mild liver cell inflammatory changes and slight cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,which were similar to the blank control group.The moisture of liver tissue contents in LMWH intervention group decreased more obviously than positive control group.The HCMV DNA loads in 50 mg liver tissues of LMWH intervention groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ were (3.26±0.43),(3.26±0.41) and (3.32±0.51) lg copy,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of positive control group [(7.38 ± 0.53) lg copy; F =314.620,P0.01],while there were no significant differences among LMWH intervention groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion LMWH intrauterine and postnatal interventions can significantly reduce HCMV DNA replication in hepatocytes,and relieve inflammatory changes in liver tissue.

Objective To identify the compliance and influencing factors of colorectal cancer screening among urban communities. Methods People in urban communities are categorized as the case group, comparison group A and comparison group B, according to whether they receive questionnaire survey, FOBT test, intestine mirror, and different follow-up results in this screening test Results No significant differences (P>0.05) are found among people from different groups. In the survey for screening related knowledge, understanding of such knowledge is significantly higher than the comparison group(P>0.01), and the knowledge of comparison group A is higher than that of comparison group B. Conclusion The higher their knowledge in screening, the higher their compliance for screening.

Objective To study one simple, safe and effective method of periorbital rhytidectomy. Methods With turgescent anesthesia, 1 cm -extent was dissected laterally deep under musculus orbicularis oculi at the approach of eyebrow area. The musculus orbicularis oculi was fixed to the deep temporal fascia and frontal periosteum. The superciliary corrugator muscle and depressor muscle were exposured and cut. Then the eyelid blepharoalasty was performed through the skin incision, meanwhile the lateral pars orbitalis muscle was liberated to form an orbitalis muscle flap under the orbitalis muscle and the fat pad, which was fixed to the os orbitale periost by lifting tight to lateral and upper side. For patients with generous pars buccalis and obvious nose lip ditch, the cheekbone fat cushion was also hanged and fixed. Results 65 middle age female patients were followed up for 3～16 months. The scar was no obvious, glabellar wrinkle and canthal wrinkle disappeared at static state, relaxed upper eyelid and eyebrow prolapse reached to complete correct, nasolabial groove wrinkle obvious lessened. 95 % patients were satisfacted with the appearance. Conjunctival edema was found in 4 cases, and disappeared within 1 months. There were no facial nerve injury and other complications. Conclusions It is a new incisional approach that avoids the facial nerves and lessens fossa orbitalis retrogradation. The operative procedure is simple and safe, and its incision is occult. The wound is small and restores rapidly, but the effect is reliable and lasting. It proves to be an ideal approach for face rejuvenation.

Objective This paper aims to make clear the post-disaster medical needs of residents in the disaster areas and changes among the poor population, for the purpose of policy recommendations on post-disaster medical assistance. Methods Such methods as in-home questionnaire survey and literature study were used to study the income, prevalence rate and mental health of 4 380 households in 10 counties (cities and districts) in the disaster areas. Results In the hardest hit areas, 80. 4% and 52. 8% of residents in rural and urban areas are dependent on government relief respectively;the proportion of poor population resulting from the disaster rose from 5% before the disaster to over 75% afterwards in the hard-hit areas, while such a population rose to 15% in the hardest-hit areas and about 10% in general disaster areas;It is estimated that the new medical aid funds in Sichuan Province will reach 350 million yuan, two-fold that of the budget for 2009;In the hardest hit areas, the two-week prevalence rate per thousand people is twice that found in the third survey of health services in 2003, characterized of acute respiratory illness and rheumatoid;In the hardest-hit areas, nearly 70% of the residents are exposed to high mental health risks. Conclusion Recommendations: Strengthening the raising and use of medical aid fund;dynamic management for the population in need of post-disaster medical aid;Developing appropriate medical aid packages to fit post-disaster health needs and postdisaster disease characteristics;and consolidating the connection between medical aid and primary medical insurance system.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Ginkgolides inhalation on eosinophils infiltration in airway of asthmatic guinea pig model. METHODS: Guinea pigs were divided into seven groups(n=8 in each group): model group, ginkgolides inhalation low, medium and high dosage groups(5, 10, 20mg?kg-1, respectively), ginkgolides ip group (at a dosage of 20 mg?kg-1), Dexamethasone ip group (at a dosage of 10 mg?kg-1), normal control group. The eosinophils (EOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and trachea were counted. RESULTS: As compared with normal control group, the number of EOS in BALF was significantly increased in model group, but that in BALF and trachea of the Ginkgolides inhalation group was significantly reduced(P