Adult ; Altitude ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Railroads ; Tibet

Many clinical studies showed that the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in stroke have been dynamically changing since the onset of the disease. The changing of TCM syndromes can be attributed to multiple correlative factors such as age, sex, area distribution, underlying diseases, and constitutional factor. Data-driven methods involving multivariate statistical methods and descriptive approach have been used to analyze the regularity of dynamically changed TCM syndromes of stroke. However, expressing non-linear relationship between symptom or correlative factors and syndrome patterns by data-driven models is challenging. Model-driven methods involving artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks are new methods for studying the changes in TCM syndromes in patients with stroke. In this review, the authors summarized the studies of dynamically changed patterns of stroke syndromes based on data-driven methods and some clinical trials on TCM syndromes based on model-driven methods. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of the dynamically changing regularity of TCM syndromes for stroke by using model-driven methods so as to develop appropriate and timely TCM treatments.

Objective To establish a rat model of sepsis induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) after scald burn.Methods Fifty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (group C,n =10),scald group (group S,n =10) and MDP group (n =30).The rats were subjected to a third-degree scald burn covering 20% of total body surface area in groups S and MDP.The rats were only exposed to 20 ℃ water in group C.MDP 5 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein at 24 h after scald bum in group MDP.Arterial blood samples were collected at 1,6 and 24 h after MDP injection in group MDP,at 24 h after scald burn in group S,or at 24 h after exposure to 20 ℃ water in group C for blood gas analysis and for measurement of white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (Plt) counts,serum aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transferase (AST),total bilirubin (TB),creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels,creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) activity,and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10 and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) levels.The rats were sacrificed after collecting blood samples,and heart,liver,lung,and kidney specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes.The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was measured.Another 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated as the method previously described for record of the survival rate within 72 h.Results Compared with C group,the plasma IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and HMGB1 levels,WBC count,serum ALT,AST,and BUN levels and MPO activity were significantly increased,and the survival rate within 72 h was decreased in S group,and the plasma TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γand HMGB-1 levels,serum ALT,AST,TB,BUN,Cr and CK-MB levels,MPO activity,PaCO2 and BE value were significantly increased,and WBC and PLT counts,pH value,PaO2 and survival rate within 72 h were decreased in MDP group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with S group,the plasma TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and HMGB-1 levels,serum ALT,AST,TB,BUN,Cr and CK-MB levels,MPO activity,PaCO2 and BE value were significantly increased,and WBC and Plt counts,pH value,PaO2 and survival rate within 72 h were decreased in MDP group (P ＜ 0.05).The pathologic changes of heart,liver,lung and kidney were obvious in S and MDP groups and severer in MDP group.Conclusion After a third-degree 20% total body surface area scald burn,MDP induces excessive production of inflammatory cytokines accompanying with multiple organ damage ; thus the model of sepsis is successfully established after scald burn in rats.

Cystectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices

Objective To investigate the rule of the cerebral tissues aquaporin-4(AQP-4) expression in acute and chronic hepatic failure mice.To study the molecular biologic mechanism of the diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods Sixty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,including acute(n=25),chronic hepatic failure(n=25)and control group(n=15). Thioacetamide(TAA)intraperitoneal injection produces the acute and chronic hepatic failure models.All rats in groups were examined with MR DWI.We Observed the distribution of abnormal signal on DWI.The DWI single values of top and lateral cortex of parietal lobe,peripheral region of lateral ventricle in the highest hyperintensity section of brain were measured.Blood ammonia values were examined.The pathologic and immuno-histochemistry and RT-PCR examination for brain specimen were performed.All date were analyzed with statistical methods.Results The mean values of blood ammonia were significantly different (P0.05).Conclusions Increase of the blood ammonia was the main cause for the brain energy metabolic abnormality and AQP-4 mRNA and protein expression.The hyperammonemia was the key factor in the occurrence and development of the hepatic brain edema.The abnormal findings in DWI signal could reflect the range and degree of the brain edema and AQP-4 protein expression.

Objective In view of being short of the mammalian model in neuroma-in-continuity,the experiment injured the part of peroneal nerve to the formation of the neuroma-in-continuity and was applied to the foundation of farther research.Methods Twelve New Zeland rabbits were selected as experimental sub- jects randomly.One lateral peroneal nerves of twelve rabbits were resected,the damaged nervous tissues' slice were showed to the typical pathological changes of neuroma by the stain of HE,luxol fast blue after six weeks. As compared with the health sides of six model rabbits,the methods of real-time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein in injured nerves and L_7、S_1 dorsal root ganglions respectively.Results The injured nerve formed the typical pathological changes of neuroma at six weeks.Compared with hea|thg side the expression of CNTF mRNA and protein was down-graded at the lateral of neuroma(P＜0.05),and the expression of CGRP mRNA and protein was up-graded(P＜0.05).Con- clusion The method of partly injuring the peroneal nerve could effectively set up the model of the neuroma-in- continuity,furthermore,resulted to the expression changes of the CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein.

Objective To assess the outcome of de-epithelialied ileocystoplasty combined with strengthened pelvic floor in patients with neurogenic bladder.Methods Twelve patients (9 male,3 female) aged from 18 -27 years (averaged 25 years) with neurogenic bladder received de-mucosalized seromuscular ileocystoplasty combined with strengthened pelvic floor,and were evaluated by urodynamic parmeters,upper urinary tract image appearance,and serum creatinine before and one year after operation.Results After operation,the max cystometric capacity (412 ± 32 ml),bladder compliance (26.2 ± 4.0ml/H2O),relative safety cystometric capacity (368 ±26 ml) and max flow rate (20 ±3 ml/s) were respectively significantly higher than those preoperation(247 ±27 ml,4.4 ± 1.2 ml/cm H2O,206 ±24 ml,11 ±2ml/s,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the post voided residual (26 ± 8 ml) and detmsor leakage point pressure (17.8 ±3.6 cm H2O) were significantly lower than those of preoperation (136 ± 25 ml,63.1 ± 4.9cm H2O,P ＜0.05).The vesicoureteral reflux disappeared in five (63％) cases,and was relieved in the remaining three cases.Of the five cases with renal insufficiency,three (60％) cases had normal serum creatinine level,none had increased serum creatinine levels.After operation,late healing occurred in two ( 17％ ) cases,intestinal obstruction in one (8％),vesicoabdominal fistula in one (8％),and no cases had mucous urine.Clean intermittent self-catheterization was performed in one case (8％) to empty the bladder due to a fever resulting from urinary tract infection,the remaining 12 (92％) cases could empty their bladders through abdominal pressure.Conclusions De-mucosalized seromuscular ileocystoplasty combined with strengthened pelvic floor results in a good outcome for the patients with neurogenic bladder.

Objective To study the correlation of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT with pathological changes of the VX2 rabbit tumors after treatment of Ar-He knife,and to explore the evolution of the Ar-He knife curative effect for VX2 rabbit tumors.Methods Thirty-six Japanese white rabbits had successfully been implanted with VX2 tumors in thighs.Four weeks later,the rabbits with VX2 tumors were imaged with FDG PET/CT before they were treated with Ar-He cryoablation.The rabbits were evenly and randomly divided into 6 groups (6 rabbits in each group) and imaged with FDG PET/CT respectively on the first day,third day,seventh day,fourteenth day,thirtieth day and sixtieth day after cryoablation.The rabbits in each group were sacriftced after post-treatment FDG PET/CT imaging for pathology and immunohistochemistry studies.The standardized uptake value (SUV) of tumor regions were calculated and compared with pathology and immunohistochemistry findings in the cryoablative area in each group.Paired-samples t-test and bivariate correlation analysis were evaluated by statistical software SPSS 16.0.Results After ArHe cryoablation,pathological changes of "necrosis-inflammatory response→organization" were found.On CT imaging,the tumors enlarged during 3-14 d after treatment and then shrank gradually.On FDG PET imaging,the maximum SUV (SUV_(max)) dropped dramatically on the first day after the operation(from 2.54±1.12 to 0.67±0.12),and increased slightly on the third day (1.71±0.82),and then continually dropped to 0.51±0.32 (60 d afterthe operation).The differences of SUV_(max) between pre-and after cryoablationin each stage were significant,respectively (t=5.471,8.716,11.388,5.713,7.144 and 7.213,all P＜0.05).The size and SUV_(max) of the targeting area did not correlate with each other(r=0.259,P=0.675).The change of the MVD closely correlated with SUV_(max)(r=0.865,P=0.032).Conclusion FDG PET/CT can reveal the pathological change of tumor tissue after Ar-He cryoablation therapy and therefore may be a potential tool for evaluating the curative effect of this treatment modality.

Objective To investigate the differences of kinesin family member 4 (KIF4A) expression between hepatic carcinoma and adjacent tissue in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,and to understand the effect of HBV on the expression of KIF4A.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expression of KIF4A in hepatic carcinoma and adjacent tissues. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with KIF4A promoter containing the luciferase gene and HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3,and luciferase activity was measured.Expression of KIF4A in HepG2 cells was measured after tranfected with different doses of pHBV1.3.The student's t-test was used for statistic analysis.Results Expression of KIF4A was much higher in hepatic carcinoma than that in adjacent tissues.HBV enhanced KIF4 A gene promoter activity and the luciferase activities were increased as the concentration of pHBV1.3 increased ( 0,0.2,0.4,0.6 and0.8 μg/mL),which were (126.8± 13.4),(219.8±16.7),(387.6±21.5),(586.5 ± 228.9 ) and (657.6 ± 35.5 ) RUL/μg protein,respectively,while the luciferase activities were (123.6± 13.8),(131.8± 14.6),(129.7-13.5),(135.3± 13.4) and (127.1± 12.7) RUL/μg protein,respectively with different doses of control plasmids transfected,and statistical analysis showed significant difference between them (t=4.875,P=0.006).And HBV upregulated KIF4A mRNA and protein expressions in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Expression of KIF4A is enhanced in hepatic carcinoma and HBV can upregulate KIF4A expression.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of MC and LC in treatment of elderly patients with cholelithiasis and dise~s the best treatment in elderly patients with cholelithiasis.Methods Of 798 elderly patients with cholelithiasis,412 patients were divided into MC group with minilaparotomy cholecystectomy treatment,and 386 patients were divided into LC group with laparoseopic cholecystectomy treatment,then compare clinical effect and complications after operation.Results There was no significant differences in incision length,operative time,blood loss,bed time,hospital stay(all P＜0.05);There Was significant statistical significance in cost of treatment,complications after operation(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy was suitable for elderly patients with cholelithiasis,and it Was good at cost of treatment,complications after operation.