With the continuous expansion of the domestic population flow,the medical and health services is-sues of migrant population are becoming more and more serious. Based on the three aspects of the demand,supply, and utilization of health services,this article explores and analyzes the utilization of health services for migrant popu-lation in Beijing in 2015 on the basis of behavioral models. The results showed that the prevalence of chronic diseases and the frequency of disease in migrant population are relatively low. The migrant population has low efficiency and overall evaluation of public health services. From the point of view of convenience and diversity of services,the sup-ply of public health services needs to be further improved. In terms of the active utilization of medical and health services,the proportion of respondents who did not participate in any medical insurance still have a large proportion, while the proportion of regular physical examination was lower. In terms of passive utilization,both outpatient and in-patients service use are low. Family income and medical insurance have influenced patients'choice of medical institu-tions to some extent. The health promotion strategy is proposed from the perspective of supply side and utilization.

In China, the level of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution far exceeds the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the health effects of PM 2.5 exposure have become a major public health issue. More than half of PM 2.5 -related excess deaths are caused by cardiopulmonary disease, which has become a major health risk associated with PM 2.5 pollution. In this review, we discussed the latest epidemiological advances relating to the health effects of PM 2.5 on cardiopulmonary diseases in China, including studies relating to the effects of PM 2.5 on mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These data provided important evidence to highlight the cardiopulmonary risk associated with PM 2.5 across the world. In the future, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the specific relationship between the constituents and sources of PM 2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease. These studies provided scientific evidence for precise reduction measurement of pollution sources and public health risks. It is also necessary to identify effective biomarkers and elucidate the biological mechanisms and pathways involved; this may help us to take steps to reduce PM 2.5 pollution and reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; China/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

Objective:To analyze the mortality rate and morbidity rate of lymphoma among residents in Luwan District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2011.Methods:The data of lymphoma in permanent residents of Luwan District were collected from the database of cancer registration and management system in Shanghai.The mortality rate and morbidity rate of lymphoma were calculated.The rates were standardized by the demographic composition developed in the Fifth Nationwide Census in the year 2000.The temporal trend of lymphoma mortality rate and morbidity rate was assessed.Results:A total of 319 cases of lymphoma were diagnosed from 2004 to 2011, accounted for 3.06% of the total patients with malignant diseases.Of those cases, 10 cases were Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 245 cases were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 64 cases were multiple myeloma (MM).The crude incidence of HL, NHL, and MM among males were 0.19/105, 5.43/105 and 1.28/105 respectively;and 0.34/105, 4.33/105 and 0.89/105 among females respectively.A total of 200 cases died of lymphoma during the 8 year period, including 2 deathed from HL, 148 deathed from NHL, and 50 deathed from MM.The crude mortality rates among males were 0.03/105, 3.50/105 and 0.93/105 respectively;and 0.01/105, 2.22/105 and 0.66/105 respectively among females.Both the mortality rate and morbidity rate of HL were very low.For NHL, both the mortality rate and morbidity rate increased significantly after 50 years of age;while for MM, the majority of cases and deaths occurred after 45 years of age.There were some fluctuations of lymphoma incidence during 2004-2011, but not significant.Standardized mortality showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2011.Conclusions:Both the incidence and mortality rates of lymphoma in Luwan District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2011 were higher compared to the rates of Chinese urban areas during the same period.It is important to identify risk factors of lymphoma to take effective control measures.

Objective To investigate the latent classes of mental workload and related factors among cardiovascular nurses.Methods A convenience sample of 664 cardiovascular nurses were surveyed from Jun to Jul 2023.General information questionnaire,the Nurse Workload Index Scale and the Nursing Interruption Event Scale were conducted in the investigation.Latent class analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the latent classes of nurses'mental workload and its related factors.Results Two latent classes were identified,named low mental workload group(25.90%)and a high mental workload group(74.10%).Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that educational qualifications(OR=1.641,95%CI:1.036-2.598),nursing interruption event scores(OR=1.060,95%CI:1.044-1.076),and the region of nurses(OR=0.688,95%CI:0.542-0.874)were the influencing factors for cardiovascular nurses'mental workload.Conclusion There are obvious categorical characteristics of cardiovascular nurses'mental workload,nurses with higher education,frequent interruption events,and from the eastern region have higher mental workload.Nursing managers need to focus on human resource allocation and optimize processes to reduce the occurrence of nursing interruptions.

By preparing 10 batches of substance benchmarks freeze-drying powder( lyophilized powder),the methodology of the characteristic spectrum and the content of index component for substance benchmarks of Qingwei San was established. The characteristic peaks and the similarity range of the characteristic spectrum,the contents and the transfer rate range of isoferulic acid,palmatine and paeonol,and the paste-forming rate range were determined to define key quality attributes of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San. In the10 batches of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San,the similarity of characteristic spectrum was higher than 0. 90. In further comparison of the characteristic peak information,a total of 16 characteristic peaks were identified,including 5 characteristic peaks from Cimicifugae Rhizoma,5 characteristic peaks from Coptidis Rhizoma,2 characteristic peaks from Angelicae Sinensis Radix and 4 characteristic peaks from Moutan Cortex. The content of isoferulic acid was 0. 10%-0. 18%,with the average transfer rate of 49. 82%±4. 02%. The content of palmatine was 0. 17%-0. 31%,with the average transfer rate of 15. 84% ±2. 39%. The content of paeonol was 0. 41%-0. 75%,with the average transfer rate of 23. 41%±3. 23%. The paste-forming rate of the 10 batches of substance benchmarks were controlled at 27%-33%,with the transfer rate between the theoretical paste-forming rate and the actual paste-forming rate was 86. 59%±3. 39%. In this study,the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Qingwei San was analyzed by the combination of characteristic spectrum,the content of index component and the paste-forming rate. A scientific and stable evaluation method was preliminarily established,so as to provide the basis for subsequent development and quality control of relevant preparations of Qingwei San.
Benchmarking ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Powders ; Quality Control ; Rhizome

Objective: To observe the effect of modified Erchentang on the expression of interleukin-19 (IL-19), interleukin-20 (IL-20)and their receptor IL-20R₁, IL-20R₂ in bronchioles of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the molecular mechanism of modified Erchentang on anti-inflammatory of COPD. Method: The model of rat with COPD was established by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal group, model group, modified Erchentang high, medium and low dose group, and Jizhitangjiang group. Normal group and model group fed with normal saline 4 mL · d^-1, modified Erchentang high, middle, low dosage group(20,10,5 g · kg^-1 · d^-1).The dosage of Jizhitangjiang group was 12 g · kg^-1 · d^-1, all groups were given intragastric administration for 14 days, twice a day. To observe the general situation of rats.To evaluate the pulmonary function of rats. To detect the contents of IL-10, IL-19 and IL-20 in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).To observe the pathological changes of bronchiole tissue by light microscopy.To detect the expression of IL-20R₁ and IL-20R₂ in bronchiole tissue by immunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with normal group, peak expiratory flow(PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV₁/FVC in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of IL-19, IL-20 in serum significantly increased(P<0.05), the content of IL-10 in serum was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-20R₁ and in bronchioles tissue significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the PEF, FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC of Jizhitangjiang group, modified Erchentang high, medium and low dosage group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The content of IL-19, IL-20 in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05), the content of IL-10 in serum was significantly increased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-20R₁ and IL-20R₂ in bronchioles tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Modified Erchentang can improve the lung function and protect the tissue structure of bronchioles in COPD rats, which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of IL-19, IL-20 and their receptor IL-20R₁, IL-20R₂ in bronchioles of rats with modified Erchentang.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and side effects of decitabine combined with or without cytarabine-based low dose regimen for acute myeloid leukemia in geratic patients.

METHODSClinical data of 8 geratic patients (aged over 70 years) suffered from acute myeloid leukemia from September 2009 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, peripheral blood and bone marrow characteristics and so on. These patients were treated by an 1-hour intravenous infusion of decitabine 20 mg/mper day for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks combined with or without low dose regimen dominantly consisting of cytarabine 20 mg per day as subcutaneous injection for seven consecutive days. The therapeutic effectiveness and side-effects were evaluated.

RESULTSAmong 8 patients, incinding 3 males and 5 females aged between 71-84 years old, their median white blood cell count was 31.2(1.38-179)× 10/L, and median bone marrow blast cell ratio was 42.7(23-94)% at the initial diagnosis.The median treatment courses was 2.5 (1-20).After treatment by this protocol,2 patients achieved complete remission(CR) (25%), 2 patients achieved partial remission (PR)(25%), 3 were not relieved, and 1 died, thus the overall response rate reached to 50% (4/8). The median overall survival time was 9.5 (2-36) months, and the overall survival time of 3 patients reached 1 year or more. The main side-effects of treatment were grade III-IV of myelosuppression (87.5%) and pneumonia (50%).

CONCLUSIONDecitabine combined with or without cytarabine-based low dose regimen is promising for the treatment of geriatric acute myeloid leukemia, thus improving the overall response rate, and prolonging overall survival time.

The study is aimed to test the effect of Huangqin Tang (HQT) on serum metabolic profile in rats with ulcerative colitis, and explore its possible action mechanism for ulcerative colitis (UC) rats. The model of UC rats with cell immunoreactivity was made using a compound method (trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid plus ethanol). Rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, and HQT group. Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to analyze the metabolic profile among normal group, the model group, HQT group. Potential biomarkers were screened in the serum based on the variable importance projection (VIP) value > 1, P< 0.05. As compared with the normal group, 16 potential biomarkers such as valine, tryptophan, lactic acid and urea were found and identified in the serum of model group rats. As compared with the model group, a part of the biomarkers were restored nearly to a normal state after HQT administration for 10 days. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the HQT has a certain therapeutic effect in UC rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulation of lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism.

Objective: To clarify the antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Tanreqing inhalation solution, and provide basis and data support for further research and development of this preparation. Method: The methods of cough induced by ammonia and tracheal phenol red excretion were used to observe the antitussive and expectorant effects of Tanreqing inhalation solution in mice. The fever model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to observe the antipyretic effect of the Tanreqing inhalation solution, the acute pneumonia model of rats was established by atomizing LPS inhalation, and the anti-inflammatory effect of Tanreqing inhalation solution was observed. Result: Tanreqing inhalation solution could reduce the number of coughs in mice induced by ammonia water, increase the amount of phenol red excretion in mouse trachea, decrease the levels of body temperature and its related regulatory factors of prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) of rats induced by LPS, decrease the white blood cell(WBC) count and the neutrophil ratio(NEUT) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of rats with LPS-induced acute pneumonia, and reduce the levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in lung tissue. Conclusion: Tanreqing inhalation solution has obvious antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, which is worthy of further development and promotion.