Objective: To observe the protective effect of cuttlebone polysaccharides (CBP-s) on gastric mucosa lesions induced by absolute ethanol in mice,and to study the related mechanism. Methods: Mice were pretreated by CBP-s for 3 or 5 days and then were administered with absolute ethanol orally to induce gastric mucosa lesions. Then the ulcer index, pH value of gastric contents,the levels of nitric oxide (NO),malondialdehyde (MDA),reduced glutathione (GSH),and the activity of SOD in the gastric mucosa were studied. Results: Mice gastric ulcer indices decreased after pretreated with 100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg,and 400 mg/kg CBP-s for 3 or 5 days. The pH values of gastric contents after 3 day-pretreatment were 3.09 ± 0.20,3.32 ± 0.15, 3.38±0.15,and after 5 day-pretreatment were 3.43±0.23, 3.34±0.25, 3.68±0.24, respectively. MDA contents of gastric mucosa after 3 day-pretreatment with 400 mg/kg CBP-s and after 5 day-pretreatment with all 3 concentrations were (125.41± 28.79),(145.80±26.13),(153.88±21.19),and (127.14±5.68) nmol/g, respectively,all significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). GSH and NO contents were significantly increased in all but 100 mg/kg for 3 days group (GSH:\ [282.93 ± 32.33\], \[293.57 ± 20.76\], \[260.79 ± 39.23\], \[253.71 ± 21.11\], \[359.38 ± 10.89\] mg/g, P < 0.05, (NO:\ [23.40 ± 4.41\], \[25.83 ± 4.89\], \[21.60 ± 3.05\], and \[22.75 ± 2.44\] μmol/g, P < 0.05). The activities of SOD were significantly increased in all groups (\[30.61 ± 6.37\], \[45.35 ± 1.90\], \[47.12 ± 4.68\], \[36.48 ± 5.64], \[41.38 ± 8.23\], and \[39.42 ± 8.76\] U/mg, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that CBP-s can protect ethanol-induced gastric mucosa from injury in mice.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) and septal myectomy (SM) for treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.Methods We searched all clinical controlled trials of PTSMA and SM in treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Wanfang Database and CNKI update to August,2012.The selected studies in Chinese and English were used for Meta-analysis with software RevMan 5.0.Results Five studies including 286 cases (PTSMA:149,SM:137) were included in the study.Left ventricular outflow tract pressure was significantly reduced by SM treatment compared with PTSMA (OR =9.07,95％ CI:0.96-17.18,P =0.030).There were no significant differences in interventricular septum thickness (OR =1.15,95％ CI:-0.79-3.10,P =0.240),left atrial diameter (OR =1.95,95％ CI:-0.16-4.07,P =0.070),left ventricular end-diastolic (OR =0.70,95％ CI:-0.79-2.19,P =0.360),end systolic diameter (OR =1.14,95 ％ CI:-1.65-3.93,P =0.420),degree of symptom improvement (chest pain:OR =1.07,95 ％ CI:0.35-3.23,P =0.910;syncope:OR =0.32,95％ CI:0.08-1.23,P =0.100),and postoperative mortality (OR =1.63,95％CI:0.46-5.76,P =0.450) between PTSMA and SM treatment; but the rates of pacemaker implantation (OR =5.91,95％ CI:2.04-17.11,P =0.001) and reintervention treatment (OR =6.62,95％CI:1.20-36.62,P=0.030) in patients with PTMSA were significantly higher than those with SM.Conclusions There is no evidence to indicate that PTSMA can completely replace SM,as an alternative choice the therapy can be used according to left ventricular out flow tract pressure,symptoms,anatomy of target vessel and other conditions.

Objective To prepare a radiofrequency (RF) ablation probe guided by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods A modified 19-gauge needle ( Olympus) was used, which was electrically insulated with shrink tubing, with the tip of lcm naked. The insulation was tested, and the current signal was stable. Three rabbits were anesthetized with 8% chloral hydrate ( 3 ml/kg) intraperitoneally, fixed on the dissecting table. A standard neutral pad was applied to the thigh of the rabbit to complete the electrical circuit, both the pad and the needle electrode connected with RF generator. After anesthesia was ready, the needle was advanced through the gastric wall into the liver. Ablations were performed three times in the same zone. Extent and tissue lesion were measured after ablation. Results Ablation could be successfully performed by the needle electrode, with brown lesions surrounded by normal hepatic tissue. The mean diameter of the ablated zone in the liver was 1.0 cm× 1.2 cm. After ablation,specimens along the passage were subjected to NADH staining, and no lesions were found. HE and NADH staining showed no viable cells in the central ablation area. Conclusion With the advance of the technology and selection of materials, an EUS-guided needle electrode can be made. This preliminary animal trial demonstrates that radiofrequency ablation can be performed effectively and safely by using this EUS-guided needle electrode.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide pretreatment on the delayed neuronal death(DND) and the expreesion of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) in rat hippocampus after ischemia/ reperfusion.

METHODSAll rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 36), total cerebral ischemia (TCI) group (n = 36), butylphthalide (NBP) group (n = 6), NBP + TCI group( n = 36), quercetin + NBP + TCI group (n = 6), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + NBP + TCI group (n = 6). The model of total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by blocking vertebral arteries and carotid arteries. In sham group, TCI group and NBP group, the animals were further divided into instantly, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d groups according to the time interval after sham operation or TCI. Histological changes of the hippocampus were evaluated using thionin staining under light microscope by determining the delayed neuronal death (DND) and the expression of HSP70 was assayed using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSNBP pretreatment could reduce delayed neuronal death in CA1 of hippocampus induced by TCI-reperfusion injury in rats, and up-regulated the expression of HSP70 in CA1 hippocampus of brain ischemic/reperfusion for 5 days. Quercetin blocked the acquirement of the brain ischemic tolerance induced by NBP preconditioning.

CONCLUSION3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) prevents the neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulating the expression of HSP70.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; pharmacology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; pathology ; Cell Death ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nose Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Ulcer

Objective To investigate the value of Cytochrome P450 (CYP3A5) * 3 gene polymorphism in providing individualized administration for the use of tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplantation recipients.Method Pyrophosphate sequencing method was used to determine the CYP3A5 * 3 genotype of renal transplant patients in the first day after surgery.Sixty recipients were divided into experiment group and control group.Both groups of patients were routinely given the initial dose of Tac-4.0 mg/day in the first day after surgery.The experiment group of patients were given different doses of Tac based on the different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes at the third day after surgery [for AA:0.12 mg/(kg· day),and for GG:0.06 mg/(kg· day)],and the control group of patients were given different dosages of Tac according to drug concentration.Different parameters were compared between two groups of patients:percentage of patients reaching the target concentration (3-8 μg/L) at the fifth day after surgery,days required to reach the target concentration level,times needed to adjust the dosage of Tac within two weeks.Result The percentage of patients reaching the target concentration in experiment group and control group was 90％ and 46.67％,respectively (P＜ 0.05).Days required to reach the target concentration were (3.67 ± 1.32) and (7.57 ± 3.42) on average,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Times of adjusting the Tac dose in experiment group was significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).In the experiment group,the target concentration was obtained even without dosage adjustment (70％).Conclusion Individualized adjustment of Tac doses for patients according to recipients' different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes is beneficial for reaching target concentration as soon as possible,which is superior to traditional dosage regimen.

Objective:To identify the tannin-related constituents in the extracts of pomegranate peel by HPLC-ESI-MS. Methods:The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was maintained at 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 256nm. The samples were analyzed in negative modes. Results:Five tannin-related constituents including gallic acid, punicalin,punicalagin,corilagin and ellagic acid were identified from the extracts of pomegranate peel. Conclusion:The new method is accurate and rapid. It can be used to identify the tannin-related constituents in pomegranate peel and provide new ideas for the research of active components in traditional Chinese medicine as well.

Objective To evaluate endometrial biopsy and curettage in detecting small nerve fibers in eutopic endometrium for diagnosis of endometriosis.Methods Endometrial biopsies and curettings were taken in 65 women with menorrhalgia.Endometrial nerve fibers were immunohistochemically detected using the pan-neuronal marker PGP 9.5.All patients underwent laparoseopie approach.Results The specificity,sensitivity,positive and negative predictive value were 100% of endometrial biopsy and curettings for diagnosis of endometriosis.Condusions Careful endometrial biopsy combined with immunohistochemical staining for nerve fibers may be a reliable means of diagnosing or excluding endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of hypertonie saline enhanced radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of liver cancer. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with primary liver cancer (n = 28) or metastatic liver eancer (n = 14) who had been admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2001 to December 2007 were collected. Forty-eight lesions were detected with a diameter ranging from 1.2 cm to 7.5 cm. RFA electrode and 20G needle were pricked into the target lesion under the guidance of B ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) through percutaneoas puncture or open approaches. An amount of 5-10 ml hypertonie saline was infused through the needle at regular intervals during RFA. All patients were followed up for 3-79 months. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and CT scanning were performed postoperatively to determine the efficacy of RFA. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) before and after treatment were compared using t test, and the survival of the patients were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results The AFP expression changed to negative in 14 out of the 18 AFP-positive patients, with statistical difference (t =7.703, P <0.05). The complete necrosis rate of tumors was 94% (45/48), and the necrosis rate of tumors with diameter of ≤4.0 cm reached 100% (35/35). The incidence of complication was 5% (2/42). No perioperative mortality occurred. The 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 91%, 85% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions Hypertonic saline enhanced RFA in the treatment of liver cancer was proved to be safe and effective.

Objective To study the biomechanical mechanism of Essex-Lopresti injury, and provide biomechanical basis for diagnosis and treatment of Essex-Lopresti injury. Methods Twelve fresh frozen adult upper limbs were addressed. Firstly, 12 samples ("complete state group") were loaded 100 N of a compressive force lasting 30 seconds in pronation, supination and neutral position on the mechanical testing machine. Secondly, 12 specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the group named resection of radial head, the radial head was removed and interosseous membrane (IOM)was intact. In the group named the section of interosseous membrane, IOM was cut off. Finally, the radial head were removed and IOM was cut off in all specimens. The group was named as resection of radial head and IOM. Each sample was tested according to the method as described. Results The forearm rotation or single excision of the IOM had no effect on radial longitudinal displacement. Simple radial head excision or resection of the IOM and the radial head increased the vertical displacement of the radius. The radial stiffness had a gradual decline in forearm supination, neutral position and pronation. Simple excision IOM has no effect on the radial stiffness. The radial stiffness had decreased under the condition of excision of radial head or resection of the IOM and the radial head. Conclusion These in vitro measurements validate that the radial head fracture with IOM injury may be important reason for complications of the Essex-Lopresti injury. Radial head fracture play a key role for Essex-Lopresti injury and the injury of IOM is secondary cause. IOM is responsible for maintaining the vertical stability of the forearm after radial head resection.