Objective To investigate the value of Cytochrome P450 (CYP3A5) * 3 gene polymorphism in providing individualized administration for the use of tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplantation recipients.Method Pyrophosphate sequencing method was used to determine the CYP3A5 * 3 genotype of renal transplant patients in the first day after surgery.Sixty recipients were divided into experiment group and control group.Both groups of patients were routinely given the initial dose of Tac-4.0 mg/day in the first day after surgery.The experiment group of patients were given different doses of Tac based on the different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes at the third day after surgery [for AA:0.12 mg/(kg· day),and for GG:0.06 mg/(kg· day)],and the control group of patients were given different dosages of Tac according to drug concentration.Different parameters were compared between two groups of patients:percentage of patients reaching the target concentration (3-8 μg/L) at the fifth day after surgery,days required to reach the target concentration level,times needed to adjust the dosage of Tac within two weeks.Result The percentage of patients reaching the target concentration in experiment group and control group was 90％ and 46.67％,respectively (P＜ 0.05).Days required to reach the target concentration were (3.67 ± 1.32) and (7.57 ± 3.42) on average,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Times of adjusting the Tac dose in experiment group was significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).In the experiment group,the target concentration was obtained even without dosage adjustment (70％).Conclusion Individualized adjustment of Tac doses for patients according to recipients' different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes is beneficial for reaching target concentration as soon as possible,which is superior to traditional dosage regimen.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of Spanishneedles Herb eye drops in treating perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbits.

METHODTotally 36 rabbits (36 right eyes) were ovariectomized, and 2 months later divided into three groups: the experimental group (group A, n = 12) given Spanishneedles Herb eye drops, the control group (group B, n = 12) given PBS and the model group (group C, n = 12) given no drug. The Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescent (FL), total tear protein, diastase activity, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents and confocal scanning microscopy were performed at before the treatment and at 1 w, 2 w, 1 mo, 2 mo after the treatment.

RESULTBefore the treatment, There was no significant difference in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity between two groups. Two months later after the treatment, both the group B and the group A showed differences degrees of changes in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity compared with that before the treatment, with statistical differences (P < 0.05); At each time point, both groups revealed statistical differences in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity (1 < 0.05). Two months later alter the treatment, densities of basal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the group A were (4 122 ±416) cells/mm2 and (339 ± 131) cells/mm2, while that in the group B were (3 343 ± 424) cells/mm2 and (49 ± 17) cells/mm2, with statistical differences between them (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpanishneedles Herb eye drops could effectively treat perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbit caused by sex hormones decline.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; Perimenopause ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tears ; secretion ; Xerophthalmia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the application effect and value of four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode in the treat-ment of hydrocephalus .Methods The four kinds of neuroendoscopic operation mode ,including endoscopic third ventriculostomy , septostomy of the septum pellucidum ,cyst ventriculostomy and ventrideperitoneal cavity ,were selected in 58 cases of hydrocephalus according to the indications .The treatment effects were analyzed and the application value was evaluated .Results Among 58 cases of hydrocephalus ,50 cases were significantly improved after operation ,the total effective rate was 86 .21% ,2 cases appeared some complications .The four kinds of operation mode could better treat hydrocephalus .Conclusion Neuroendoscopy is an ideal method in treating hydrocephalus and has the advantages of the slight trauma and fewer complications ,which is a method deserving to be promoted in clinic .

· AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior lens capsule inclusion in combined trabeculectomy and cataract surgery in preventing scar formation of the filtering bleb in rabbit model.· METHODS: Twerty-Four eyes (12 rabbits) with glaucoma model were studied, anterior lens capsule inclusion in trabeculectomy with the small-incision cataract surgery were performed on all right eyes (experimental group) and no implants were applicator in trabeculectomy with the small-incision cataract surgery on all left eyes (control group). These operated eyes were followed up from day 1 to 6 months postoperatively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured and filtering blebs were observed after surgery. Other main outcome measures: cornea、conjunctiva、formation of the anterior chamber, anterior chamber depth、inflammatory reaction、achievement ratio of operation and complications were analyzed. On week 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 after surgery the animal were killed in batch. Tissue was harvested from the bleb area and was made pathological section. HE staining、light microscope and micro photo analysis technique were applied to observe the cytological and histopathologic characteristics of the filtering tunnels.· RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups on IOP (1, 2, 4 weeks)、filtration bleb, achievement ratio of operation and complications. In experimental group, at the first month postoperatively, anterior lens capsule absorption started with inflammatory characteristics. The peak of inflammatory reaction occurred 1 week after operation and all the cells in the filtrating tunnel disappeared 6month after surgery. The fibroblast proliferation in control group occurred at I week and the filtrating tunnel closed with angiogenesis at 1 month after surgery. Fibroblast proliferation started 1week after surgery with no statistical difference during the time course (P ＞0.05). Significant statistical differences were observed by comparing the fibro blasts numbers per unit area in the filtrating tunnel in experimental group and those in control groups (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION: Anterior lens capsule was totally absorbed at 6 months postoperatively. Anterior lens capsule inclusion in trabeculectomy with cataract surgery can possibly control intraocular pressure effectively, long-term sustainability of functional filtration bleb, inhibition of the proliferation of fibroblasts and opening of the filtrating pathway in the experimental animal models were satisfied. Compared to the control group, anterior lens capsule application has less complication.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of perioperative continuous epidural morphine administration on plasma D-dimer level in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

METHODSForty ASA I-II patients undergoing total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia were randomized into two groups. In one group, the patients were given epidural administration of morphine 15 min before operation at 4 mg (in 10 ml normal saline) and for 48 h after the operation at 80 microg/h, while those in the other group received epidural injection of the same amount of normal saline before operation and 0.15% ropivacaine 2.0 ml/h for 48 h in the same manner after operation. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T(0)), at the end of operation (T(1)), and 24 h and 48 h after operation (T(2) and T(3)) for determination of plasma IL-6 and D-dimer levels.

RESULTSIn both groups plasma IL-6 and D-dimer levels showed significant increase at T(1), T(2) and T(3) in comparison with those at T(0), and their levels were significantly lower in morphine group than in ropivacaine group at T(1), T(2) and T(3).

CONCLUSIONEpidural morphine can lower plasma IL-6 and D-dimer levels and correct blood hypercoagulability in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine ; administration & dosage ; Perioperative Care ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of spanishneedles leaves on middle and severe xerophthalmia of menopausal females.

METHODThis study was a prospective random controlled trial. Ninty-six menopausal females diagnosed with xerophthalmnia (aged from 40 to 50) were randomly divided into in two groups: group A' the spanishneedles leaves group (n=48) and group B' the control group (n=48). Both groups were treated with Forte eye drops. All patients were detected at 3, 7, 28 h before and after treatment to evaluate subjective symptoms, OSDI and four tear film indicators. Variance analysis and differential analysis on sample average or median were made on both groups before and after treatment.

RESULTThere were no significant difference in symptom and diction indicators between both groups before treatment. For 28 d after treatment, among middle and severe xerophthalmia samples of the spanishneedles leaves group, the mean differences showed significant improvement compared with that before treatment , OSDI and four tear film indicators also showed improvement to varying degrees. For 28 d after treatment, among middle and severe xerophthalmia samples of the vitamin C group, the mean differences showed no significant improvement compared with that before treatment , OSDI and four tear film indicators also showed no remarkable improvement. There were significant differences in OSDI, BUT, SIT, height of tear meniscus and FL between both groups.

CONCLUSIONSpanishneedles leaves can effectively improve symposiums and signs of middle and severe xerophthalmia among menopausal females and thus showing clinical significance to some extent.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Treatment Outcome ; Xerophthalmia ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo identify the relationship between amino acid mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and their antibiotic resistance.

METHODSPI gene fragments of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 17 clinical isolates were obtained with PCR amplification. They were cloned into the PCR cloning vector pBS-T to form pBS-T-PI and sequenced. The sequences of PI genes were analyzed. At the same time, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin and tetracycline to these 17 isolates were measured and contrasted with the corresponding PI sequence.

RESULTSThe recombinants of PI gene from 17 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were successfully constructed and sequenced. They were divided into PIA and PIB subtypes according to the results from blastn software by comparing the sequences with the GenBank. Mutations were found at the sites of 120 and 121. There were only some of the sequences having an aspartic acid (D) mutation on 120 and 121 sites, which was not the same as reported. On the other hand,there were two PI sequences,5-9 and 6-1, whose mutations on No. 120 were lysine, similar to those documented.

CONCLUSIONSome relationship between PI amino acids mutations at sites 120 and 121 in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Chengdu, China and their resistance to penicillin and tetracycline were found. However,further studies need to be done in the future to confirm this hypothesis.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Mutation ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

This paper conducted research on biomechanical characteristics and biological activity of concavity-convex amniotic membrane (CCAM) and discussed its superiority as ocular surface repair material. Folding and compression with vacuum of fresh amniotic membrane were used to prepare CCAM. After cutting the striga of CCAM, sixteen CCAM tissue section were chosen at random to test their tensile strength using electronic universal testing machine. The bilayer amniotic membrane (BAM), the double-deck amniotic membrane (DAM) and the monolayer amniotic membrane (MAM) were as controls. The test parameters included yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus and so on. The cytokines of fresh amniotic membrane (FAM), MAM and CCAM were analyzed by radioimmunoassay method. The CCAM was obviously thicker than MAM and DAM. After 15 min in PBS, the CCAM tissue can recover the normal shape. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of CCAM were higher than those of the MAM and the DAM (P < 0.05). The elastic modulus of the CCAM was smaller than that of the MAM and the DAM (P < 0.05). The content of 10 cytokines [epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), b-fibroblast growth factor b-FGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived nellrotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)] of CCAM decreased significantly compared with the FAM and increased significantly compared with MAM and DAM in 6 cytokines (EGF, FGF, HGF, TGF-betap, PDGF, NGF; P < 0.05). The CCAM composites is thinner and has higher cytokine content than MAM, and better biomechanical properties than the MAM and the DAM, showing the superiority as ocular surface repair material.
Amnion ; chemistry ; physiology ; transplantation ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; analysis ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; analysis ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; analysis ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

BACKGROUNDInhibition of tumor growth by endostatin has been shown to be an effective strategy in cancer therapy in mice. However, its widespread application has been hampered by difficulties in a large-scale production of the recombinant endostatin protein, rapid loss bioactivity of the protein, and the cumbersome daily administration. These limitations could be resolved by in vivo delivery and expression of the endostatin gene. In this study, we observed the effect and advantage of endostatin gene therapy mediated by a recombinant adenoviral vector (Ad/hEndo) on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 xenografted tumors, comparison with recombinant endostatin protein.

METHODSHepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the flank of Balb/c nude mice. Nine days after tumor cell inoculation, animals were given a cycle of four courses of intra-tumoral injections of Ad/hEndo of 5 x 10(8) pfu (low-dose group) and 1 x 10(9) pfu (high-dose group) at intervals of six days, respectively. Recombinant human endostatin protein (rhEndo) was administrated daily subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) at a site nearby the tumor for ten days. The expression of endostatin mRNA in tumor tissue was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after Ad/hEndo injection. Dynamic changes of concentration of endostatin protein in tumor tissue were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSAfter 4 courses of treatment, the tumor growth rates of high-dose treated group with 1 x 10(9) pfu of Ad/hEndo were inhibited by 42.26% compared with the Ad/LacZ control group (P = 0.001) and by 46.26% compared with the NIH buffer control group (P = 0.003), respectively. However, in this study, Ad/hEndo at low dose of 5 x 10(8) pfu failed to demonstrate significant inhibition of tumor growth, compared with control groups. After daily administration of recombinant human endostatin protein (rhEndo) for 9 days, the ratio of T/C (rhEndo group versus PBS group) was less than 47%. However, two days after rhEndo treatment ceased, the ratio of T/C was more than 50%. The peak of expression of endostatin mRNA in tumor tissue was at 2 or 3 days after administration intratumorally with Ad/hEndo of 1 x 10(9) pfu and gradually dropped undetectable by day 7. Dynamic analysis of endostatin concentration in tumor tissue showed that the highest level of mRNA is up at the third day after injection, and dropped to basal level three weeks later.

CONCLUSIONSEndostatin gene therapy mediated by a recombinant adenoviral vector had significantly inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 xenografted tumors at a high dose of 1 x 10(9) pfu compared with other groups. The analysis of dynamic expression of endostatin in vivo indicated that Ad/hEndo had acquired a high-level, relatively long-term expression in vivo and bioactivity capability.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Endostatins ; analysis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of the vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) antibody targeted vascular therapy on the expression of human collagen type I in hyperplastic scar of nude mice.

METHODSThe hyperplastic scar from one female burn patient with 1% TBSA deep-partial thickness burns were implanted into subcutaneous skin of scapular region of 48 nude mice. Three weeks later, the nude mice were divide into large dose (LA) , medium dose (MD) , small dose (SD) and control groups, with 12 mice in each group. The mice in LA,MD and SD groups were injected with 200 microl of 15,10, 5 microg/ml VEGF monoclonal antibody diluted in 0.01 mol/L PBS, respectively in the scar twice a week for 3 weeks, while those in C group were injected with equal amount of 0. 01 mol/L PBS. The area and volume of the scar in each group were calculated and histological changes were observed, and the expression of collagen type I mRNA and its protein in each group were determined 3 days after treatment.

RESULTSThe volume of scar in LA, MD, SD and C groups were (55.3 +/-4.1, 67.9 +/-5.7, 78.9 +/-5.5, 85.0 +7.3) mm(3), respectively. Compared with that in C group, the volume of the scar were significantly decreased in AD and MD groups ( P <0.05). A few number of vessels and fibroblasts were observed in LD, MD groups, with decreased number of collagen fibers arranged in order. Compared with that in C group ,The expression of procollagen type I mRNA and its protein in C group was obviously higher than those in LD and MD groups ( P < 0. 05) , but it was similar to those in SD group.

CONCLUSIONVEGF targeted vascular therapy is beneficial for the inhibition of the angiopoietins of hyperplastic scar, the expression of collagen , and the growth of scar.

Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; therapy ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; immunology