Aim To study the in virto interaction o f Cefathiamidine in combination with Ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis. Methods The activity of each drug alone was determined against all the isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolat es. Results The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5, from 0.5 t o 1,from 1 to 2,more than 2 was 53.3%～93.3%,6.7%～46.7%,0%,0% respectiv ely. Conclusion Synergism and additivity of cefathiamidine comb ined with ciprofloxacin respectively against 90 strains of Gram positive cocci w ere the main inter actions, there were little autonomy and no antagonism.

Objective To explore the clinical implication of serum Dectin-1 level in the non-agranulocytic patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. Methods Serum specimen were collected from the non-agranulocytic patients with pulmonary aspergillosis to determine the serum level of Dectin-1 with ELISA.The relationship between serum Dectin-1 level,the results of G test and galactomannan (GM)test of Aspergillus,and white blood cell count was analyzed.Results The serum Dectin-1 level was (427.2 ± 42.6)pg/mL in the patients with Aspergillus infection,and (280.8 ± 39.4)pg/mL in the control patients (P<0.05 ).Dectin-1 level was not correlated to white blood cell count,or the result of G test,or GM test. Conclusions Serum Dectin-1 level increases significantly in the non-agranulocytic patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, suggesting that Dectin-1 is an important anti-Aspergillus immune molecule.

AIMTo investigate the influence of cytochrom P450 CYP2C9 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide.

METHODSAn oligonucleotide microarray was designed and fabricated to genotype the CYP2C9 accurately and quickly. 137 healthy volunteers were genotyped with the array to investigate the frequency of CYP2C9 functional SNPs. Moreover, 1 homozygous mutant, 9 heterozygous and 10 wild-genotypes subjects in the assay were selected randomly and sequenced directly. After orally taking tolbutamide, blood samples and urine samples were collected, and their pharmacokinetics was studied with HPLC.

RESULTSCYP2C9 *1/*3 were found in 9 of 137 volunteers, CYP2C9 *3/*3 in only one, others were all CYP2C9 *1/*1 wild types. CYP2C9 *2, CYP2C9 *4 and CYP2C9 *5 alleles were not detected. Direct sequencing of the purified PCR products of the heterozygotes, mutant homozygotes and ten wild type individuals gave a corresponding result to that genotyped by microarray. Pharmacokinetic outcome showed that the individuals with CYP2C9 *1/*3 or CYP2C9 *3/*3 had slower metabolic elimination of tolbutamide than those with CYP2C9 *1/*1.

CONCLUSIONCYP2C9 genetic polymorphism has a significant influence on the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide. Pharmacogenomic study will be helpful in guiding rational and individualized medication. Key words: tolbutamide; cytochrom P450 CYP2C9; allele; single nucleotide polymorphism; genotyping

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Random Allocation ; Tolbutamide ; pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUNDCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) occur frequently in patients suspected of cerebrovascular disease and they are the principle radiographic findings in patients with sub-clinical neurological impairment. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, distribution, severity and associated clinical features of CMBs in a prospective hospital patient based cohort undergoing brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease, excluding cases with known intracranial hemorrhage or prior large-area stroke.

METHODSThe study population consisted of 447 patients who were evaluated with T2*-gradient echo sequences to detect the CMBs lesion number, location, and their association with white matter hyperintensities and clinical parameters, including blood pressure.

RESULTSCMB lesions were presented in 95 of the 447 patients (21.3%). The distribution of CMBs was 43.95% cortical, 19.77% thalamic, 14.41% in the brainstem, 11.58% cerebellar, 6.21% periventricular white matter, 5.64% involving the basal ganglia regions, and 0.28% involving the hippocampus. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of CMBs and advancing age (adjusted OR 2.082, P < 0.01), the severity of hypertension (adjusted OR 2.208, P < 0.01). Also there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the presence of CMBs and the severity of hypertension and white matter lesions.

CONCLUSIONSCMBs occur frequently in patients with no prior large-area stroke who were referred for brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease. The severity of CMBs correlates with the severity of hypertension and the presence of cerebral white matter changes detected by MRI.

Aged ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; complications ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of varicella outbreak in Jiading District in Shanghai from 2015 to 2018. Methods Varicella epidemic report data was collected from the national system of disease control and prevention and analyzed by spatial-temporal scanning statistic methods. Results There were 5 889 varicella cases reported from the year 2015 to 2018, and the annual average incidence rate was 91.68 per 100 000.The incidence rate for children below 3 years old was found to be the highest, reaching 621.45 per 100 000, which was significantly higher than that for the group of 18 years old and above (χ²=16 616.788, P < 0.001).There were 5.41% and 5.31% of the cases in September and February, respectively, which were lower than other months, and the peak incidence occurred in December and November, accounting for 13.41% and 11.95%, respectively.The highest and lowest incidence rates were 151.80 per 100 000 occurring in central urban area and 59.89 per 100 000 in rural area, respectively.The spatial-temporal scanning showed that the low population density area had a wide cluster range and a low effect value.The high population density area has small cluster range and high effect value. Conclusion The incidence of vanicella presents a trend of population, seasonal and regional clustering.Therefore, targeted measure should be taken to prevent varicella in focus population.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the quantitative relationship between white matter tract (WMT) variation resulting from cerebral tumors and shifting of the fractional anisotropy (FA) index in magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

METHODSFour female and 8 male patients aged from 21 to 62 years with brain malignancies (2 malignant lymphomas, 2 low-grade astrocytomas, and 8 high-grade cerebral gliomas) underwent conventional contrast-enhanced MR and DTI examinations before operation. Routine T(2)-weighted image, fractional anisotropic (FA) map, color-coded directional map, three-dimensional white matter tractography (WMT), and the FA index of bilateral internal capsule were obtained in every patient.

RESULTSFiber tractography derived from DTI was consistent with known white matter fiber anatomy. The DTI patterns in WMT altered by the tumor were categorized on the basis of FA1/FA2 ratio as follows: pattern 1, FA1/FA2> or =75% with normal or only slightly decreased FA; pattern 2, 50%< or =FA1/FA2<75% with WMT displacement; pattern 3, 25%< or =FA1/FA2/50% with WMT involvement; pattern 4, FA1/FA2<25% with WMT destruction.

CONCLUSIONSDTI allows for visualization of WMT and benefits surgical planning for patients with intrinsic brain tumor. There is a positive relationship between the bilateral FA ratio (FA1/FA2) variation and WMT alterations resulting from the tumor.

Adult ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Glioblastoma ; diagnosis ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways ; radiation effects ; Preoperative Care ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of white matter fiber tractography based on magnetic resonance diffusion-tensor imaging (MR-DTI), a new noninvasive technique that helps estimate the structural connectivity of the brain, in understanding the anatomy of the white matter fiber tract.

METHODSSix consecutive volunteers received MR-DTI examination using a GE 1.5T Sign CV/I whole-body MR system and version 2.0 Functool software for image processing. The protocol included T1WI for localization and single-shot echo-planner diffusion tensor imaging of the entire brain in axial, sagittal, and /or coronal sections.

RESULTSWhite matter fiber tracts imaged by MR-DTI were consistent with known white matter fiber anatomy. The major fiber tracts were well observed in all the cases. The tracts visualized included the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, uncinate fasciculus superior and inferior longitudinal fascicules, inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus, internal capsule and corona radiate.

CONCLUSIONA set of detailed white matter fiber anatomy maps of the normal brain is obtained by means of single-shot echo-planner diffusion tensor imaging at high resolution. This technique allows rapid visualization of the white matter tracts in vivo, and provides a new reliable means for studying fiber connectivity in the brain.

Adult ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for the treatment of tic disorders in children based on data mining techniques.Methods A computerized search was conducted for the clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children included in the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,and PubMed databases from January 1992 to December 2022.A database was established by Excel 2019 to count the commonly used treatment methods and analyze the high-frequency application methods acupuncture(high-frequency acupoints,channel entry of acupoints,acupoint association rules,and acupoint clustering),auricular point seed-pressing(high-frequency auricular points,and acupoint association rules),and the high frequency division of cluster needling of scalp point.Results A total of 190 valid literature articles were included,involving 270 acupuncture prescriptions;among them,184 acupoints were counted in the acupuncture method,with a total application frequency of 1 906 times,and the high-frequency application of the acupoints in descending order were Baihui(DU20),Taichong(LR3),Fengchi(GB20),Hegu(LI4),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Neiguan(PC6),Shenmen(HT7),Zusanli(ST36),Yintang(EX-HN3),Sishencong(EX-HN1);and the high-frequency meridians were governor vessol,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot shaoyang gallbladder meridian,hand taiyang large intestine meridian,foot taiyang bladder meridian,foot jueyin gallbladder meridian;three sets of strong association rules and five clusters of acupoints were analyzed by SPSS modeler 18.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software.There were 29 acupoints of auricular point seed-pressing,application total frequency was 206 times,high-frequency application of auricular points in descending order of Shenmen(HT7),liver,heart,subcortex,kidney;four groups of acupoint strong association rules were obtained through the analysis of SPSS modeler 18.0 software.A total of 14 zones were involved in the application of cephalic acupoint plexus zoning,of which the high-frequency zones were parietal anterior temporal diagonal,parietal parietal 1,and chorea tremor control zone.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children,according to its pathogenesis(liver hyperactivity,kidney depletion,spleen deficiency,phlegm disturbance,etc.)and tic site,select acupoints compatibility,and mostly choose yang meridian acupoints,which is related to the nature and treatment characteristics of wind pathogen.Children's tic disorders are closely related to emotional disorders,therefore acupuncture and auricular acupoints all emphasize the method of soothing the liver and clearing the heart,and regulating the emotional state.Cluster needling of scalp point mostly used parietal temporal anterior oblique line,parietal 1 line,and dance tremor control area for the treatment of tic disorders.For children,auricular point seed-pressing and cluster needling of scalp point has the minimun of pain,the effect of treatment is long,and it is not easy to have dangerous situations such as bent needle,broken needle and so on.

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of an agonist anti-CD(40) monoclonal antibody 5C11 on the induction and biological characteristics of leukemic dendritic cells.

METHODSCombinations of 5C11 and different cytokines were used to induce differentiation of leukemic blasts into dendritic cells. Morphology was observed by light microscopy. Surface antigens of the induced cells were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), the yields of dendritic cell by cell counting, the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 by ELISA, T cell proliferating activity by allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro. Allogeneic T cells were stimulated with leukemic dendritic cells and T-cell cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay.

RESULTSWhen cultured with combinations of 5C11 and different cytokines, the leukemic cells isolated from the patients could differentiate into dendritic cells. The morphology showed typical features of dendritic cells, which expressed high levels of CD(40), CD(80) and CD(86). In comparison with the original leukemia cells, the leukemic dendritic cells secreted less IL-6 but more IL-12 (P < 0.05). The leukemic dendritic cells were potent to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells, and the latter was able to lyse the original leukemia cells.

CONCLUSIONLeukemic blasts could be induced to differentiate into functional dendritic cells. It may be of great value in the adoptive immunologic therapy of leukemia.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; CD40 Antigens ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-12 ; biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; Leukemia ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of the diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on endovascular exclusion (EVE) and its results.

METHODSFrom March 1997 to June 2007, 429 AAA patients were treated with endovascular stent-graft exclusion. According to the maximal diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (diameter < 55 mm, n = 274) and group B (diameter > or = 55 mm, n = 155). The diameter of AAA, involvement of iliac artery, length, diameter and distortion of aneurismal neck in the two groups were recorded and compared retrospectively.

RESULTSPatients in group B were significantly older than group A (73.7 vs 71.1 years, P < 0.05). More patients in group B was complicated with coronary artery disease than those in group A (P < 0.05). The mean diameter of AAA in group A was (46.6 +/- 6.8) mm, and (66.8 +/- 11.2) mm in group B (P < 0.05). Proximal aneurysmal necks were shorter, wider and more tortuous in group B than those in group A (P < 0.05). Extraperitoneal approach, embolism of inner iliac artery and reconstruction of another inner iliac artery and stretch technique were more applied in group B. There were more endoleak during operation in group B and more stent-grafts were used. There was significant difference in morbidity rate between the two groups, while no statistic difference in mortality. And in group B, there were a high rate of endoleak and secondary intervention post operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe diameter of AAA affects EVE and its results. In small aneurysms, EVE carries better outcome than in big aneurysms.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; pathology ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome