The chemokine fractalkine primarily involves in chemotaxis,adherence and inflammation.Recently it has been discovered owning the ability of inhibiting cell death in neurons and glial cells,as well as protecting central nervous system from toxic damage.Fractalkine reduces the toxicity to neurons and glial cells mediated by excessive Fas L,glutamate(Glu) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS).In vivo neutralization of endogenous brain fractalkine signal pathway increases inflammatory cytokines secretion and neuronal cell death induced by LPS.Fractalkine may achieve its neuroprotective property through influencing expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins,intracellular Ca2+ level and inflammatory cytokines secretion via protein kinase B(PKB)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/MAPK pathways.

Objective To analyze the influence of adenovirus latent infection on gamma-glutamylcysteine systhetase(γ-GCS) in rat alveolar epithelial cells. Methods The rat alveolar epithelial cells were stably transfected with the plasmid pE1Aneo and control plasmid. Glutathione(GSH) contents, the activity of γ-GCS were detected in oxidant stress. Then the leuel of protein expression, mRNA expression, and promoter transcriptional activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) were further detected. Results GSH contents decreased because of adenovirus E1A expression in oxidant stress. E1A repressed the expression and activity of γ-GCS, messenger RNA expression, and promoter transcriptional activity of GCLC. Conclusion Adenovirus E1A decreased the activity of γ-GCS probably by repressed promoter transcriptional activity of GCLC. As a result, GSH contents were downregulated in oxidant stress. Thus Adenovirus latent infection amplified the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in rat alveolar epithelial cells in oxidants stress, which may be an important mechanism of COPD.

AIM:To observe the influence of adenovirus latent infection on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat alveolar epithelial cells.METHODS:The rat alveolar epithelial cells were stably transfected with the plasmid pE1Aneo and control plasmid pneo.GSH and MDA contents,the activities of major anti-oxidative enzymes including SOD,CAT,GPx,GST and ?-GCS were detected in oxidant stress.RESULTS:Adenovirus E1A expression repressed the activity of ?-GCS,and decreased GSH contents in oxidant stress.As a result,the activity of GPx and GST was decreased.The contents of MDA maintained high in oxidant stress.CONCLUSION:Adenovirus latent infection amplifies the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in rat alveolar epithelial cells in oxidants stress,and adenovirus E1A protein decreases the activity of ?-GCS,which plays an important role in this process.

【Objective】To observe the effect of plasma ?-endogenous peptides (?-EP) on gestational function in endometriosis(EMT) rats.【Methods】 Female SD rats at the third estrous cycle were used to establish EMT model.Then 20 EMT rats were equally randomized into the model group and naltrexone(an opioid receptor antagonist) group,and other 10 rats were in the pseudo-operation group.Naltrexone group was given naltrexone 2?mg?kg~-1?d~-1 by gastric gavage during proestrus and normal saline at other time,and the model group and pseudo-operation group were given normal saline for one month.Serum levels of ?-EP,luteinizing hormone(LH) and prolactin(PRL) were examined during proestrus,and serum progesterone(P) level and gestational function were observed after estrus.【Results】Serum levels of ?-EP and PRL increased and LH decreased during proestrus,and serum P level also decreased after estrus in the model group(P

Objective To detect the sperm apoptosis rate and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seminal plasma and explore their correlation among infertile males. Methods Ninety-two inferitile males were divided into varicocele (VC) group (n=32), leukocytospermia group(n=30) and the other cause group (n=30), and another 24 in vitro fertilization sperm samples were sereved as controls. The routine sperm parameters including seminal pH, sperm viability and sperm density were examined by computer assisted sperm analysis, the sperm apoptosis rate was asseseed using Annexin V/PI staining, and the ROS level in seminal plasma was detected by TBA method. The differences in seminal parameters between three infertile groups and control group were compared, and the correlation of sperm apoptosis rate with level of ROS in seminal plasma was explored in each group. Results The sperm viability of three infertile groups was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01). The sperm apoptosis rates and levels of ROS in seminal plasma in VC group and leukocytospermia group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The sperm apoptosis rate was positively correlated with the level of ROS in seminal plasma in leukocytospermia group(r=0. 573, P < 0.05). Conclusion The increased sperm apoptosis rate and level of seminal plasma ROS may be related to the infertility of patients with VC and leukocytospermia. The increased level of seminal plasma ROS may be one of the causes of increased sperm apoptosis rate in patients with leukocytospermia.

Objective To investigate the gray matter volume differences between adult hypothyroid subjects and healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods A total of 28 untreated hypothyroid patients and 28 age and gender-matched uormal controlswere recruited.The coucentrations of their freetriiodothyronine (FT3),free theroxine (FT4),and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)were testedfrom their venous blood on the day they accepted MR scanning.High resolution 3D-datawereobtained using 3.0 T MRI scanner.VBM analysis was performed to detect the volume differences between the groups by using voxel-wise two sample t test.Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the influence exerted upon gray matter volume by serum FT3,FT4,and TSH concentrationof hypothyroid patients.Results Compared to controls,gray matter volumes in the bilateral superior frontal gyri,left precentralgyrus and bilateral cerebellum were decreased in hypothyroid patients (voxels 211-2 142,t=3.36-3.69,P＜0.01,corrected).No significant correlation between the gray matter volume in the above-mentioned brain regions and the clinical variables (serum FT3,FT4,and TSH concentration) (P＞0.05) was found in the multiple regression analysis.Conclusions VBM analysis revealed that hypothyroid patients exhibited reduced gray matter volume in multiple brain regions.It suggests that the lack of thyroid hormones can lead to the structural abnormalities in adult brain and selective gray matter atrophy in multiple brain regions.

Objective To elucidate the immunologic mechanism and clinical effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with dendritic cell and cytokine induced killer cell (DC-CIK) immunotherapy on patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods Seventy-two pancreatic cancer patients were divided randomly into 2 equal groups,one treated with HIFU only the other treated with HIFU and DC-CIK immunotherapy.Ultrasound imaging and a variety of immunological indexes were recorded before and after treatment and the clinical effects in the two groups were compared.Moreover,autogenous tumor cells were isolated from the combination therapy group and the killing activity of DC-CIK which loaded tumor antigen processed by HIFU on autogenous tumor cells was observed.Results Tumor antigen processed by HIFU can improve the killing activity of DC-CIK on autogenous tumor cells.After treatment,the immunological indexes,of all patients were better than before treatment.(58.26 ± 17.97 versus 52.15 ± 14.22 pg/ml with IL-12 22.14 ± 6.39 versus 17.36 ± 5.73 ng/ml with HSP70 and 0.94 ± O.34 versus 1.32 ± O.61 ng/ml with TGF-β,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; The combination group was significantly better than the HIFU group with regard to the average scores of quality of life (75.89 ± 19.65 versus 67.22 ± 16.34,P＜0.05),pain (3.15 ±0.82 versus 3.59 ± 1.04,P ＜0.05),tumor markers (107.55 ±27.58 versus 123.63 ±34.12 U/ml) and survival time (18.92±6.47 versus 13.36 ±5.78 mos).Conclusion HIFU can improve the immunologic status and anti-tumor response in patients with pancreatic cancer.HIFU combined with DC-CIK has good synergistic therapeutic effect for treating pancreatic cancer.

In the treatment of hypertensive crisis, the novel Rho kinase inhibitor DL0805-2 can rapidly lower systematic blood pressure, reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and has a significant protective effect on lung injury. This experiment intends to evaluate the efficacy of DL0805-2 against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and preliminarily reveals its underlying mechanism. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into DL0805-2 low, medium, and high dose groups (1, 3, and 10 mg·kg^-1), bosentan positive control group, model group, and blank control group. The drug was administered daily on the 7th day after model establishment by monocrotaline injection. On the 25th day of the experiment, relevant indicators were examined to observe the therapeutic effect of DL0805-2 on pulmonary hypertension. DL0805-2 significantly relieved the abnormal changes in the physiological parameters related to PAH induced by monocrotaline, including reducing right ventricular systolic pressure, alleviating cardiac damage caused by pressure overload, and reducing the levels of endothelin-1 and inflammatory factors in lung tissues. DL0805-2 also attenuated pulmonary arteries remodeling. It was preliminarily discovered that DL0805-2 exerts preventive and therapeutic effect on PAH through Rho-kinase pathway. Our results suggested that DL0805-2 had good therapeutic effects on monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model. It intervened early in the disease process, effectively prevented the development of the disease, and reduced the mortality of the diseased animals. The mechanism is related to Rho-kinase pathway.

Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its mechanism.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with curcumin at different concentrations (10,20,40 μmol · L-1) and cell differentiation was synergistically induced.The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was detected by MTT assay.The lipid accumulation was detected by oil red O staining method,and the levels of CREB,C/EBPβ,C/EBPα,PPARγmRNA and protein in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Results MTT results showed that curcumin had a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Oil red O staining showed that curcumin inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner.When 0,20,40 μmol · L-1 curcumin treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were performed,the levels of p-CREB,C/EBPβ,C/EBPα,PPARγ mRNA and protein significantly decreased with the increasing dose of curcumin (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Curcumin can effectively inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.The mechanism may be that curcumin inhibits CREB transcriptional activity and inhibits the expression of C/EBPβ,C/EBPα and PPARγ.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a developmental disorder disease,with social interaction and communication disorders,stereotyped behavior and narrow interest. As autism knowledge popularization,more and more autism was intervention,however,more concentrated the youth. Pediatricians should also pay attention to the intervention result and the other life stage.