Objective To analyze the prognostic impact of degree of bone metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiochemotherapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the prognosis of 109 NPC patients who had bone metastases after radiochemotherapy in Nanfang Hospital from June 1997 to December 2007.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates; the log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis; the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The 5-year follow-up rate was 97.2％.The 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates for all patients were 67.9％,48.6％,32.9％,and 17.4％,respectively.The 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year survival rates for the 43 patients with not more than 3 bone metastases and the 66 patients with more than 3 bone metastases were 90.7％ vs.53.0％,81.4％ vs.27.3％,72.1％ vs.6.2％,and 34.9％ vs.4.2％,respectively (P=0.000).In the patients with more than 3 bone metastases,the 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year survival rates for those with and without other metastatic sites were 56.5％ vs.72.1％,21.7％ vs.30.2％,3.1％ vs.13.0％,and 0.0％ vs.6.5％,respectively (P=0.866).The multivariate analysis showed that more than 3 bone metastases were an adverse prognostic factor in the patients (P =0.000).Conclusions The number of bone metastases is an important prognostic factor in NPC patients after radiochemotherapy.Patients with not more than 3 bone metastases have better survival than those with more than 3 bone metastases,and aggressive treatment should be considered.In addition,the staging system of NPC needs to be improved.

Objective To detect the sperm apoptosis rate and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seminal plasma and explore their correlation among infertile males. Methods Ninety-two inferitile males were divided into varicocele (VC) group (n=32), leukocytospermia group(n=30) and the other cause group (n=30), and another 24 in vitro fertilization sperm samples were sereved as controls. The routine sperm parameters including seminal pH, sperm viability and sperm density were examined by computer assisted sperm analysis, the sperm apoptosis rate was asseseed using Annexin V/PI staining, and the ROS level in seminal plasma was detected by TBA method. The differences in seminal parameters between three infertile groups and control group were compared, and the correlation of sperm apoptosis rate with level of ROS in seminal plasma was explored in each group. Results The sperm viability of three infertile groups was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01). The sperm apoptosis rates and levels of ROS in seminal plasma in VC group and leukocytospermia group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The sperm apoptosis rate was positively correlated with the level of ROS in seminal plasma in leukocytospermia group(r=0. 573, P < 0.05). Conclusion The increased sperm apoptosis rate and level of seminal plasma ROS may be related to the infertility of patients with VC and leukocytospermia. The increased level of seminal plasma ROS may be one of the causes of increased sperm apoptosis rate in patients with leukocytospermia.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a new and exciting medical treatment. Cavitation is the focus in the field of HIFU research. Cavitation and the relationship between cavitation, echo and the thermal effects of HIFU treatment were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the expression variation of kidney OATP-3 in rats relating to rocuronium metabolism in anhepatic phase and to primarily explain the reason of extrahepatic metabolism characters of rocuronium. Methods Twelve rats were distributed to 2 groups randomly with 6 in each: Group A (control group) and Group B in which the hepatic portal devascularization was performed for 60 min. Kidney tissues of the rats were taken. oatp-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and OATP-3 protein by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of kidney OATP-3 mRNA and protein in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P

BACKGROUND: Recently emerged immunosuppressive scheme combined with basiliximab following liver transplantation, such as the early steroid withdrawal or half amount of steroid. Many studies demonstrated that it would not increase the rejection rate in reducing the use of steroid. However, there were rare reports addressing whether it was safe and effective to replace the steroid by basiliximab. OBJECTIVE: Through the application of non-steroid and early steroid withdrawal immunosuppressive scheme in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation, to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of two treatments. METHODS: A total of 80 patients of hepatocellular carcinoma receiving liver transplantation were divided into the experimental and control group. In the experimental group, 33 patients were applied with non-steroid treatment (Tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+basiliximab); additionally 47 patients were applied with early steroid withdrawal treatment (Tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+ steroid). Steroid was reduced gradually from the first day after transplantation to discontinuation after 1 month. The rates of rejection, infection, cancer recurrence and 1 -year survival were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the control group, the rates of infection and cancer recurrence were significantly smaller in the experimental group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significantly difference between 2 groups in the rates of rejection and 1 -year survival (P > 0.05). It revealed that the non-steroid treatment can be safely and effectively applied in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. The non-steroid treatment can significantly cut down the infection rate and cancer recurrence rate, which has no effect on the rejection and 1 -year survival rate.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of nm23 and VEGF expression with hilar lymph node micrometastasis and the prognosis of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohisto-chemistry was used to detect nm23 and VEGF protein expression in primary cancer tissue and cytokeratins in 86 hilar lymph nodes from 40 patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Kaplan-meier method and Log rank test were used to analyze the 5-year survival. Results: The rate of positive hilar lymph node micrometastasis was 12.5% for stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Lymph node micrometastasis was not statistically correlated with gender, age, histologic type, differentiation, primary tumor size or VEGF protein expression (P>0.05). But it was reversely associated with nm23 protein expression in primary cancer tissue of NSCLC (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival of pa-tients with well-differentiated NSCLC, positive nm23 expression and negative lymph node micrometastasis was better than those with moderately and poorly differentiated NSCLC, negative nm23 expression and posi-tive lymph node micrometastasis (P<0.05). Lymph node micrometastasis and nm23 protein expression were identified as two independent prognostic factors for stage Ⅰ NSCLC by univariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusion: nm23 protein expression in pdmary cancer tissue of stage Ⅰ NSCLC is closely associated with hi-lar lymph node micrometastasis, nm23 protein and hilar lymph node micrometastasis are two independent prognostic factors for stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Patients with nm23 protein deletion and positive lymph node microme-tastasis have a poor prognosis.

General education curriculum in Wuhan University has entered "3.0 era", in which general education curriculum of oncology has opened several cycles and been loved by the majority of students, meanwhile some problems have come up. In this article, the background of setting up general education curriculum of oncology in Wuhan University is reviewed. By sorting out teaching concepts and curriculum objectives, teaching content and organizational processes, teaching methods and evaluation methods and preliminary teaching effects, we emphatically discuss the role of clarifying teaching goals, optimizing curriculum designs, compiling basic teaching materials, improving teaching methods and reforming the evaluation system in promoting the setting and development of general education curriculum of oncology in comprehensive universities.

Background Age-related cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide.To seek the effective prevention and drugs for management of cataract is important.Naphthalene-induced cataract of rat is an ideal animal model for the research of human age-related cataract,and aspirin has been proven to inhibit the development of human age-related cataract.ObjectiveThe present study is to investigate the role of aspirin on naphthalene-induced cataract.Methods Forty-five 150-160 g female SD rats were divided into three groups randomly.Naphthalene was orally taken with 0.5mg/kg per day for 3 days and then 1mg/kg per day for 70 days,and then 100mg/kg of aspirin was given per day for 70 days following four-day washout period in group A.In group B,the animals was given orally only naphthalene at the same way.No any intervention was used in group C.Naphthalene-induced cataract was examined under the slim lamp every week.The experimental animals were sacrificed and lenses were obtained in 70 days.α-Crystalline was extracted from lens homogenate and purified and identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),2-dimentional electrophoresis gel and Western blot.Different abilities of α-crystalline to protect β low crystalline from aggregation were observed using ultraviolet spectrophotometer.Results Naphthalene-induced cataract formed at the third week in only naphthalene group but at the sixth week in naphthalene+aspirin group under the slim lamp.No significant difference was found in the degree of lenses opacity in the second week among these three groups(F=0.032,P=0.969).However,a statistically significant difference was seen in the degree of lenses opacity in the fourth,sixth,eighth and tenth week among these three groups(F= 5031.130,P=0.000;F=115964.000,P=0.000;F=169846.500,P=0.000;F= 195431.200,P=0.000).Themolecular chaperone-like activity was significantly higher than that of the naphthalene-induced group.Conclusion Aspirin delays the progression of lens opacification through protecting α-crystalline molecular chaperone-like activity.

Objective To investigate the relationship between p62 expression,and occurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to analyze p62 expression in 123 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases and 30 chronic nasopharyngitis cases.The clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results The positive rate of p62 protein in chronic nasopharyngitis nasopharyngeal epithelium,non-metastatic NPC tissue,and metastatic NPC tissues was 13.3％,66.67％,and 84.72％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant.The expression of p62 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis was significantly higher than non-metastatic NPC patients (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).However,the expression of p62 was not related to age,gender,tumor size,and TNM stage (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions High p62 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue is closely related to the occurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.It provides good reference value to predict NPC malignancy and metastases.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in cerebral cortex under the condition of blood-brain barrier damage in rats following radi?ation-induced brain injury, which provided clinical references. Methods Forty-eight clean grade male SD rats were divid?ed into the control group and 7 d, 14 d, 28 d after brain irradiation group (n=12 for each group) by using stochastic indicator method. The radiation-induced brain injury model was established by using electronic computer X-ray tomography tech?nique. The 3%Evans blue (EB) was injected into rats according to the dose of 3 mL/kg via the tail vein, then the blood ves?sels of cerebral cortex were exposed after having a craniotomy. EB extravasation was detected by microcirculation micro?scope. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was evaluated by using microscope vascular camera device. The expressions of EBA and VEGF in the cerebral cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry staining in each group. Results Both of EB extravasation and VEGF expression in rat cerebral cortex were significantly increased in injury group at day 7, 14 and 28 after brain irradiation compared with those of control group (P<0.05), and which were gradually decreased from day 7 to day 28 after brain irradiation. There were significant differences in EB extravasation and VEGF expression between the injury subgroups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between EB extravasation and VEGF expression (r=0.898, P<0.001). The expression levels of EBA were decreased at different time points in injury groups compared with those of control group (P<0.05), and gradually increased from day 7 to 28 after injury. There were significant differences in expression levels of EBA between injury subgroups (P<0.05). The expression of EBA was negatively correlated with EB extravasation (r=-0.866, P<0.001). Conclusion The increases of blood-brain barrier permeability have important relation to the decreases of EBA expression and the increases of VEGF expression after radiation-induced brain injury.