Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the cell apoptosis of K562 cells and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium selenite at different time points,and then MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.Electronmicroscopy,and TUNEL were performed to confirm the apoptosis of K562 cells,RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax.Colorimetric method were used to measure the activities of caspase-3 of K562.Results:Sodium selenite could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells and induce them to undergo apoptosis.RT-PCR results showed that sodium selenite could decrease the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and increase the level of Bax of K562 cells which had been treated with sodium selenite for 48h significantly,and the activity of caspase-3 elevated remarkably too.Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and acivity of caspase-3 in 20?mol/L sodium selenite treatment group were markedly changed(P

Objective To optimize the extraction conditions for total flavonoids from Cibotium barometz by response surface meth-od(RSM). Methods According to the center combination of Box-Benhnken,using the RSM,the effects of ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid,the extraction time,and the extraction frequency were studied by central composite design. Results The opti-mal conditions of extraction were as follows:60％ethanol,the ratio of solid to liquid 1:40,refluxing and extracting twice,and 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The actual extraction yield was 1.44％. The method of extraction has higher extraction efficiency than other methods and can provide a basis for the industrial production of the total flavonoids from S. barometz.

We studied arterial oxygen desaturation, using a pulse oximeter, in 132 patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to obtain predictive factors of the change. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level was 98.8+/- 1.2%. During the procedure, oxygen desaturation (SaO2>95%) was found in 90.2% of the patients, Mild oxygen desaturation (95>SaO2>90%) was found in 9.8% of the patients, and there was no severe oxygen desaturation(SaO2<90%). Age(P=0.52), gender(P =0.48), smoking(P =0.71), body mass index(P =0.32), and endoscopy time(P = 0.68) was not related to the degree of oxygen desaturation. These results suggest that oxygen desaturation, which may rarely induce serious cardiopulmonary events, is not frequently observed during non-sedated diagnostic upper endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

Retrospective studies of duodenal polyps have shown a prevalence of 0.3-4.6% in patients referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and histologic classification have been inconsistent. A prospective consecutive study was carried out in 3,871 patients referred to diagnostic endoscopy, Sixteen patients had polyps in the first part of duodenum, for a prevalence 0.41%(0.28-0.53%, 95% confidence interval). Fourteen polyps were either inflammatory(thirteen polyps) or ectopic gastric mucosa(one polyp). Two hyperplasitc polyps were founded. All polyps were benign and sessile, and most of polyps(75%) were solitary.
Classification ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Restraint, Physical*

AIM: To investigate whether carnosine can inhibit cataract formation and protect Na+-K+ATPase against inactivation induced by a glucocorticoid.METHODS: Two hundred and twenty clear lenses cultured in vitro were randomly divided into five groups: control group (DMEM), steroid group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μmol/L),lower concentration carnosine-treated group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μ mol/L+Carnosine 2mmol/L), higher concentration carnosine-treated group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μmol /L+Carnosine 5mmol/L) and carnosine group (DMEM + Carnosine 5mmol/L). Progression of cataract formation was evaluated daily using a dissecting microscope. On 1, 3, 5 and 7d, 10lenses of every group were homogenized and the activity of Na+-K+ATPase was measured by using spectrophotometer.RESULTS: During the incubation, mistlike opacity was observed in the lenses of the control group and carnosine group,but in the steroid group appeared dense nuclear opacity, while both two carnosine-treated groups came out visible demarcation between nuclear and cortical regions on 7d. A decrease in the activity of Na+-K+ATPase was found in the lens of the steroid group. On 3, 5, 7d, Na+-K+ATPase activity decreased 22.34% (P=0.002),47.98% (P＜0.001),75.37% (P＜0.001) compared with that at 1d, respectively. In the carnosine group,the activity of Na+-K+ATPase remained at the level of the control throughout the 7-d incubation, indicating that carnosine itself did not interfere with the original lens enzyme activity. In the lower concentration carnosine-treated group, on 3, 5, 7d,the activity of Na+-K+ATPase increased 10.8% (P＜0.05),44.6% (P＜0.01), 57.4% (P＜0.01) of control activity, respectively. In the higher concentration carnosine-treated group, on 3, 5, 7d, the activity of Na+-K+ATPase increased 11.3% (P＜0.05), 45.7% (P＜0.01), 57.6% (P＜0.01) of control activity,respectively. The activity of Na+-K+ATPase in both two carnosine-treated groups were only 6.7% and 6.5% lower than that of the control group after 7-d incubation. After the 7-d incubation, the Na+-K+ATPase activity of the lenses in the steroid group decreased significantly compared with carnosine-treated groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Carnosine prevents the cataract formation induced by a glucocorticoid, and significantly inhibits the inactivation of Na+-K+ATPase induced by a glucocorticoid.

The DNA damage response is a cornerstone of genomic stability.The cell utilizes mutiple mechanisms including damage detection,cell cycle regulation,damage repair and apoptosis to keep cell homeostasis.The DNA damage response include several biochemical pathways:first,the recognition and repair of damaged DNA;second,the activation of DNA damage checkpoint,which arrests cell cycle progression so as to provides time for DNA repair and prevention of the transmission of genomic abnormalities to the daughter cells;third,apoptosis,which eliminates serious damaged cells.The double strand break(DSB) is believed to be one of the most severe types of DNA damage,and errors in DSB repair could result in genomic instability that might lead to malignancy.It has been reported recently that constitutive activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway and phosphorylation of histone H2AX acts as an inducible anti-cancer barrier in the early stages of human tumorigenesis.This ATM-regulated DNA damage response network maintains genomic integrity and delays or prevents cancer by eliciting growth arrest or cell death.In context with a recent report,the ATM-dependent DNA-damage cellular signaling has also been shown to be involved in the integration of human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1) into host genomes,and KU55933,a specific ATM inhibitor,attenuated the infection of HIV-1 into host cells.The regulation and mechanisms of the signaling pathways of DSB response,and its role in HIV-1 infection and malignancy genesis were reviewed.

This article discussed the ancient and modern meaning of security of intense drugs for pregnant woman. And emphatically studied the meaning of the ‘gu’, pointing out that ‘gu’had three connotations, one referred to disease, second mean the original disease, with the ‘new’disease relative, the third referred to reasons. In addition, the article expounded how can be safe for the pregnant woman to use drugs with extremely intense action. In this paper, its purpose was to examine how to achieve security under circumstance of sick and fi nally achieve balance and harmony.

Purpose:To investigate p53 gene mutation, CD44V6 expression and their relationship with metastasis of ovarian carcinoma in tumor diagnosis. Methods:PCR SSCP with silver staining was used to detect the mutation of p53 gene; by using Southern blot and image analysis, the quantitative and qualitative expression of CD44V6 were also determined. Results:The positive percentage of CD44V6 expression and p53 gene mutation was not detectable in any of the normal ovarian specimens but in the benign tumors, non metastasizing and metastasizing carcinomas it was 10%, 75%, 88% and 5%, 40%, 60% respectively. The mean dark density of each band in these four groups(mentioned above) was 85.25?23.16, 817.11?126.5, 3820.14?289.43 and 10132.92?1521.20 respectively. The expression of CD44V6 of metastasizing carcinomas was higher than that of non metastasizing group. Conclusions:The expression of CD44V6 is related to tumor metastasis; the positive percentage of CD44V6 is higher than that of p53 gene mutation in the group of metastasizing and non metastasizing tumors; Compared to p53 gene mutation, CD44V6 is a better marker for tumor metastasis.