Objective To optimize the extraction conditions for total flavonoids from Cibotium barometz by response surface meth-od(RSM). Methods According to the center combination of Box-Benhnken,using the RSM,the effects of ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid,the extraction time,and the extraction frequency were studied by central composite design. Results The opti-mal conditions of extraction were as follows:60％ethanol,the ratio of solid to liquid 1:40,refluxing and extracting twice,and 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The actual extraction yield was 1.44％. The method of extraction has higher extraction efficiency than other methods and can provide a basis for the industrial production of the total flavonoids from S. barometz.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the cell apoptosis of K562 cells and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium selenite at different time points,and then MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.Electronmicroscopy,and TUNEL were performed to confirm the apoptosis of K562 cells,RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax.Colorimetric method were used to measure the activities of caspase-3 of K562.Results:Sodium selenite could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells and induce them to undergo apoptosis.RT-PCR results showed that sodium selenite could decrease the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and increase the level of Bax of K562 cells which had been treated with sodium selenite for 48h significantly,and the activity of caspase-3 elevated remarkably too.Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and acivity of caspase-3 in 20?mol/L sodium selenite treatment group were markedly changed(P

No abstract available.
Restraint, Physical*

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nadroparin in the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its action mechanism.

METHODThe MTT test was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of naringenin on the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Wound healing and transwell experiment analysis were conducted to detect the effect of naringenin on the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Western blotting was adopted to investigate the effect of naringenin on protein expressions of MDA-MB-231 cell Integrin β3, β1 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. The computer virtual docking technique was used to evaluate the combining capacity of naringenin and Integrin β3 in vitro.

RESULTNaringenin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In wound healing and transwell experiments, with the increase in the concentration of naringenin, the number of migrant MDA-MB-231 cells and the invasion capacity of breast cancer cells decreased. Naringenin could inhibit the protein expression of Integrin β3 in a dose-dependent manner, but with unobvious effect on expression of Integrin β1. Besides, naringenin could significantly inhibit the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The results of the computer virtual docking showed a negative value in the combining capacity between naringenin and Integrin β3, indicating the high affinity between them.

CONCLUSIONNaringenin can inhibit the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and block the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Its mechanism is to down-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions after combining with Integrin β3.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Integrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

We studied arterial oxygen desaturation, using a pulse oximeter, in 132 patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to obtain predictive factors of the change. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level was 98.8+/- 1.2%. During the procedure, oxygen desaturation (SaO2>95%) was found in 90.2% of the patients, Mild oxygen desaturation (95>SaO2>90%) was found in 9.8% of the patients, and there was no severe oxygen desaturation(SaO2<90%). Age(P=0.52), gender(P =0.48), smoking(P =0.71), body mass index(P =0.32), and endoscopy time(P = 0.68) was not related to the degree of oxygen desaturation. These results suggest that oxygen desaturation, which may rarely induce serious cardiopulmonary events, is not frequently observed during non-sedated diagnostic upper endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

Retrospective studies of duodenal polyps have shown a prevalence of 0.3-4.6% in patients referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and histologic classification have been inconsistent. A prospective consecutive study was carried out in 3,871 patients referred to diagnostic endoscopy, Sixteen patients had polyps in the first part of duodenum, for a prevalence 0.41%(0.28-0.53%, 95% confidence interval). Fourteen polyps were either inflammatory(thirteen polyps) or ectopic gastric mucosa(one polyp). Two hyperplasitc polyps were founded. All polyps were benign and sessile, and most of polyps(75%) were solitary.
Classification ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) is a rare malignancy.The sinonasal cavity and oral cavity are the most common primary sites.MMHN is a very aggressive malignant tumor,with the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate less than 30％.Currently,the optimal treatment modality remains unclear.In the najority of available retrospective studies,postoperative radiotherapy improves the local control of MMHN,but without significant effect on OS.This article aims to improve our understanding of the clinical features,diagnosis,staging,treatment modalities,and outcomes of this malignancy.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Most lncRNAs have pro-nounced oncogenic effects associated with tumorigenesis and progression, promoting the proliferation, migration, invasion, and me-tastasis of tumor cells. The specific lncRNAs expression in particular types of cancers makes them promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Currently, studies on lncRNAs expression, functions, and mechanisms have attracted considerable attention in cancer re-search. However, these studies mainly focus on epitheliogenic malignant tumors. In this review, we outline the current state of infor-mation on lncRNAs and research progress on its role in haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors.

Objective Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare disease,and its clinical symptoms are usually related to subsequent pulmonary infections.We analyzed the clinical characteristics of PS complicated by aspergillosis,and reviewed related literature,so as to disclose the association between these two diseases.Methods Sixty-nine patients with surgery-confirmed PS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed,including seven cases complicated by aspergillosis.Clinical manifestation,imaging and surgery of these patients were analyzed.Literature focusing on PS complicated by aspergillosis in pubmed data base was reviewed.Results In these seven patients,four cases were male,and three cases were female.Age at diagnosis ranged from 29 to 58 years old.The interval from onset to definite diagnosis ranged from two weeks to 20 years.Clinical symptoms included productive cough in seven cases,hemoptysis in three cases,chest pain in two cases,and fever in one case.All cases were intralobar PS with four in the left lower lobe and three in the right lower lobe.Consolidation in chest CT was noted in six cases.Cavitation was positive in three cases.Surgery of lung lobe resection was performed in all patients.Aberrant arteries were found during operation with the origin from aortic artery in four cases,phrenic artery in two cases,and intercostal artery in one case.Aspergillosis was diagnosed by pathology in six cases and by lung tissue culture in one case.Conclusions PS complicated by aspergillosis is extremely rare,but the trend of an increase in recent years has been noted.Strict and cautious examinations for microorganisms and pathology will help find relatively insidious aspergillosis.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea (PR).Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 48 patients with PR in acute stage and recovery stage and from 20 healthy human controls.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of IL-22 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of IL-22 in sera.Results The relative expression level of IL-22 mRNA in the patients with PR in recovery stage was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (2.89 ±0.91 vs.1.91 ± 0.60,t =3.84,P ＜ 0.05),but lower than that in the patients in acute stage (2.89 ± 0.91 vs.4.15 ±1.36,t =3.61,P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the level of serum IL-22 was significantly increased in the patients with PR in recovery stage compared with the healthy controls ((21.44 ± 7.33) vs.(13.22 ± 4.26) ng/L,t =4.49,P ＜ 0.05),and increased in the patients with PR in acute stage compared with those in recovery stage ((36.87 ± 10.63) vs.(21.44 ± 7.33) ng/L,t =5.01,P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum IL-22 was positively correlated with the stage of PR (r =0.883,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IL-22 is overexpressed in PBMCs and sera of patients with PR,implying that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of PR.