Separations of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), ser otonin (5-HA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were performed successf ully using a homemade electric field modulated capillary electrophoretic system, which could offer both radial and axial electric fields with only one high volt age power supply. DA and 5-HT were eluted simulaneously and could not be resolv ed in 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer at pH 2.5. Alcohol additives, such as methanol , ethanol or 1-propanol were added to the buffer to change the solvation shell of the solutes, which changed their effective sizes and electrophoretic mobiliti es of the solutes accordingly. The optimum composition was a buffer of 20% (V ／V） 1-propanol, with resulted resolutions 0.74 (DA/5-HT), 0.56(5-HT/NE) and 0.77 (NE/E). If a positive radial voltage of 6.6 kV was applied, the resolut ions were improved to 1.48, 0.71 and 1.32, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on the pathopoiesis mechanisms of paraquat poisoning in vitro.Methods Firstly,the survival rate of A549 cells (human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells) was measured with cell counting kit-8 after exposure to paraquat.Afterwards,the concentration of mtDNA in supernant of culture medium for culturing A549 and the chauge of mitochondrial membrance potential were detected with absolute quantitative PCR and confocal laser microscopy,respectively.Then,The chemotactic activity of mtDNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils (PMN) were detected by transwell chemotaxis,and the subtype of chemotactic cells was measured with flow cytometry.Meanwhile,the role of mtDNA in vascular permeability was measured by using Xcelligence system and in vitro using vascular permeability kits.Finally,the effects of mtDNA in cell proliferation were to verify.Results The 50％ of lethal concentration (LD50) of paraquat for A549 was 600 μmol/L.Cell viability and concentration of mtDNA following challenge of PQ revealed in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).The mtDNA had a power in aggregating PBMC nonspecifically,but there was no effect on the vascular permeability was found.Moreover,the proliferation of human fibroblasts was not stimulated directly by mtDNA,but TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-beta 1),a major pro-fibrotic factor,was increased compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The mtDNA could play an important role in the inflammatory and proliferation responses to paraquat poisoning.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of detection of 14 kinds of food allergen-specific IgG. Methods Fourteen kinds of food allergen-specific IgG were detected by ELISA method in 211 patients with allergic diseases,and IgG positive rates of various foods were compared among patients with different sex,age and allergic diseases. Results Positive food allergen-specific IgG was detected in 193(91.4%)patients.Among 14 kinds of foods,the positive rate of food allergen-specific IgG was the highest for eggs(73.9%),and milk came the second.However,no elevated food allergen-specific IgG was observed for chicken and meat.Milk was the most common sensitizers for 0-12 month-old patients,and egg was the first cause for the other age groups.There were significant differences in the positive rates of food allergen-specific IgG for milk among different age groups(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of food allergen-specific IgG between males and females(P>0.05).The positive rate of food allergen-specific IgG in patients with eczema was the highest(96.4%),and the lowest(83.3%)was found in those with chronic diarrhea,while there was no significant difference among different diseases(P>0.05).The positive rate of food allergen-specific IgG for milk differed significantly among different diseases(P<0.01).Positive food allergen-specific IgG was detected in 12 kinds of food(except for chicken and meat) for patients with allergic purpura. Conclusion Food intolerance is a complex allergy.The food allergen-specific IgG detection is of great importance as reference for etiologic diagnosis of allergic diseases.

Objective To explore sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the region innervated only by the median or ulnar nerve. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers, ten patients with median nerve injury, ten patients with ulnar nerve injury and three patients with both median and ulnar nerve injury were involved in the study. SSR was elicited by electrical stimulation and the latency and amplitude of the SSR were recorded in the center of the palm and on the hypothenar, and the pulps of the index and little fingers. Results After median nerve injury the SSR of the index finger pulp disappeared, the SSR amplitude of the palmar center was reduced, while the SSR amplitude of the little finger pulp was normal. In contrast, after ulnar nerve injury the SSR of the little finger pulp disappeared,the SSR amplitude of the hypothenar was reduced, while the SSR of the index finger pulp was normal. When both nerves were injured, no SSR could be elicited anywhere on the palm. Conclusions The SSR of the palmar center and hypothenar are affected by both the median and ulnar nerves. The index and little finger pulps are sites for recording SSR which represent the SSR of the median and ulnar nerve distribution, respectively. Index and little finger pulps are ideal sites for detec t ing efferent functioning of sympathetic nerves from the median and ulnar nerve paths,respectively.

Objective To determine the placental transfer of epidural levobupivacaine for cesarean section. Methods Sixty parturients (ASA ⅠorⅡ) aged 24-35 yr weighing 60-80 kg undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were studied. Epidural anesthesia was performed at L1,2 or L1,3 interspace. The catheter was advanced 3 cm cephalad into the epidural space. A test dose of 0.5% levobupivacaine 5 ml with 1:200 000 epinephrine was injected. If there were no signs of subarachnoid injection in 5 min, 9-12 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine was administered twice at 5 min interval. Arterial blood samples were taken from the double- clamped umbilical cord segment at delivery for determination of blood pH. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. Blood samples were taken from maternal and umbilical vein for determination of plasma levobupivacaine concentration by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC). Results The pH of the umbilical arterial blood was ≥ 7.25. The Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were ≥ 7.0. The levobupivacaine concentration of maternal and umbilical venous blood was 0.35±0.24 and (0.24 ±0.21) μg/ml respectively at the time of delivery. The ratio of umbilical and maternal venous blood levobupivacaine concentration was 0.7 ± 0.3. Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine can cross the placenta during cesarean section. The ratio of umbilical and maternal venous blood levobupivacaine concentration is 0.7.

This article explains the development,intension and distinctness of DR and CR,and discusses their composing and using methods.In addition,this article expounds how DR and CR take images,how to equip and use them in the radiodiagnosis section and differences between them.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ulinastatin on the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in severe acute panereatitis. Method Eighty-four patients with severe a-cute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups. In the treatment group (42 cases),on the base of routine treatment, ulinastatin was administered intravenously for seven days after hospitalization, while in the control group only routine treatment was given (42 cases) to. Inflammatory factors in serum, the change of liver function and renal function were measured in two groups before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacy were observed. Results There was significant difference, in the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine on the 7th day between two groups (P < 0.05 or < 0.01 ) ,there were significant differences in the incidence of complications, hospitalization time, incidence of multi-organ failure between two groups [14.3%(6/42) vs 38.1%(16/42), (29.4 ± 1.5)d vs (34.4 ± 1.8)d, 28.6%(12/42) vs 47.6%(20/42), P<0.01 or <0.05 ]. Conclusions Ulinastatin can suppress the secretion and release of some inflammatory factors, protect the important viscera functions and reduce the incidence of complications, and it has favorable clinical efficacy.

In this review,concepts concerning etiology and nonoperative and operative treatment methods have been analyzed.This article is based almost exclusively on peer-reviewed studies.The etiology of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head may have genetic basis.The interaction between certain risk factors and a genetic predisposition may determine whether this disease will develop in a particular individual.Early diagnosis and intervention prior to collapse of the femoral head is key to a successful outcome of joint-preserving procedures.The rational for use of joint-sparing procedure in the treatment of this disease is based on radiographic measurements and findings with other imaging modalities.The results of joint-preserving procedures are less satisfactory than the results of total hip arthroplasty for femoral head than have already collapsed.New pharmacological measures as well as the use of growth and differentiation factors for the prevention and treatment of this disease may eventually alter our treatment approach,but it is necessary to await results of clinical research with long-term follow-up of these patients.

Objective To evaluate the incidence of benign gallbladder disease and the relationship between the hyperlipidemia and gallbladder stone in Hefei district by a survey in 6?946 persons. Methods All benign gallbladder diseases were discovered by Colour Dopple ulterasound. The data of lipidemia were analyzed and a comparative study of 1?051 cases suffering from gallbladder stone with the control group was done. Results The morbidity of benign gallbladder diseases was 21 55%. The prevalence of gallbladder stone, gallbladder polypoid lesion, cholecystitis, intrahepatic cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis were 15 13%, 3 39%, 1 35%, 0 96%, 0 70% respectively in all examined. The morbidity of gallbladder stone was 70 2% in the benign gallbladder diseases. The incidence of hyperlipidemia both in gallbladder stone group and control group were 56 9% and 32 3% ( P