Objective To explore clinicopathological features and prognosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT).Methods Patients were divided into JGCT group (n=10) and the adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) group (n=10).The tumor samples were examined by HE and immunohistochemical methods.Results Age of JGCT group ranged from 7-31 years (average 20.5 years);90% occurred before 30 years old.Diameter of the tumors ranged from 5.5 cm to 15.0 cm,average 9.8 cm.Characteristic features included nodular arrangement,irregular formation of follicles containing muein and luteinization, atypical hyperplasia of ceils and high mitotic activity.Nuclei grooved and Call-Exner bodies were absent or rare.Survival rate was 90% in 5 years.Age of AGCT group ranged from 14-74 years (average 45.1 years);AGCT occurred mostly in over 40 years old.Atypical hyperplasia of cell,mitotic activity and luteinization were absent or rare.Nuclei grooved and eall-Exner bodies were common.Survival rate was 100% in 5 years.Immunohistochemical staining were positive for p53 at 70%,PCNA at 90% in 10 cases of JGCT and p53 at 10%,PCNA at 20% in 10 cases of AGCT(P

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and adjuvant chemotherapy of children with medulloblastoma(MB).Methods:Clinical data of 21 pathologically confirmed MB children admitted to the department of pediatrics of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2012 to November 2017 were collected to analyze the clinical efficacy and prognosis of multidisciplinary combined treatment.Results:There were 21 children enrolled in the study(15 males and 6 females; median age: 6 years and 3 months). The majority of tumors were from the fourth ventricle(66.7%, 14/21 cases). The most common type of pathological tissue was classic medulloblastoma(61.9%, 13/21 cases). Most of the molecular types was type 4(47.6%, 10/21 cases). There were 15 cases(71.4%)in the high-risk group and the remaining 6 cases(28.6%)in the low-risk group without metastasis(M0 stage). Total tumor resection was performed in 16 cases(76.2%). The patients were followed up to December 2019(median follow-up time was 29 months). After comprehensive treatment, 11 patients died and 6 patients relapsed.The 2-year survival rate was 61.5%, and the 5-year survival rate was 51.1%.Cox regression multivariate analysis showed that the survival rate of children with no tumor spread, short time interval between radiotherapy and surgery was higher( P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of MB in boys is higher than that in girls.Whether the tumor is disseminated or not, the time interval between radiotherapy and surgery are independent risk factor affecting the prognosis.Multidisciplinary combination therapy can effectively improve the long-term prognosis.

Objective:To explore the cellular protective effect and adverse reactions of amifostine in the chemotherapy of malignant solid tumor in children.Methods:A total of 62 children with malignant solid tumors receiving 253 times of chemotherapy who were admitted to the Pediatrics Single Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were selected and divided into the experimental group (amifostine was used before chemotherapy, 113 times in total) and the control group (amifostine was not used before chemotherapy, 140 times in total) according to stratified random sampling. The self-control method was used to compare the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of the use of amifostine or not in the same child under the same chemotherapy regimen.Results:Compared with the control group, the duration of agranulocytosis [(6.7±3.0) d vs. (9.5±4.3) d, t = 3.788, P < 0.05], the duration of platelet reduction (<20×10 9/L) [(3.6±1.3) d vs. (5.4±3.2) d, t = 2.037, P < 0.05], the time of receiving recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment [(6.5±3.5) d vs. (10.0±2.8) d, t = 3.049, P < 0.05] and the time of antibiotic treatment during infection [(5.0±2.5) d vs. (8.2±2.5) d, t = 3.558, P < 0.05] in the experimental group were all shorter; the amount of platelet input required [(0.7±0.5) U vs. (1.5±0.8) U, t = 2.873, P < 0.05] was less than that of the control group. Oral mucosal ulceration occurred in only 4 (3.5%) times in the experimental group, which was lower than that in the control group [12 (8.6%) times] ( χ2 = 4.634, P = 0.033). Regardless of the cost of amifostine itself, there was a statistically significant difference in treatment cost between the experimental group and the control group ( P = 0.034), and the length of hospital stay in experimental group was relatively short ( P = 0.012). The patients were more prone to nausea and vomiting and hypocalcemia when treated with amifostine. Conclusions:Amifostine can effectively protect normal tissue cells in chemotherapy of children with malignant solid tumor and its adverse reactions are mild.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating HBeAg positive chron-ic hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods The patients with HBeAg and HBV DNA positive,normal serum ALT and AST for successive 3 times within 1-year follow up,complicating different degrees of symptoms were included.Among them,the patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome according to the TCM dif-ferentiation were selected as the treatment obj ects and treated by the prescription of soothing the liver,tonifying spleen and detoxifi-cation.The changes of clinical symptoms and HBV markers after 6-month therapy were observed and followed up for 3 months for evaluating the effect persistance.348 cases were recruited,161 cases in the control group and the other 187 cases in the treatment group.Treatment group underwent traditional Chinese medicine treatment.Results 168 cases finished the therapy with the total effective rate of 80.3%(135/168),6 cases were HBeAg negative conversion and 14 cases were HBV DNA decrease greater than or equal to 2 logarithmic grades;157 patients finished 3-month follow-up and the effective rate was 80.9%(127/157),4 cases were HBeAg negative conversion and 1 1 cases were HBV DNA decrease greater than or equal to 2 logarithmic grades.The curative effect of treatment group was higher than that of control group.Conclusion The TCM prescription of soothing the liver,tonifying spleen and detoxification has definite effect for treating HBeAg positive chronic HBV carriers with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome,the symptoms can be significantly improved.

AlM: To investigate the association between the degree of anterioruveitis and related factors including inflammatory markers as well as sacroiliac joint imaging in patients with ankylosing spondylitis ( AS) .
METHODS: Anterior changes evaluated by slit lamp, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C - reactive protein ( CRP ) and magnetic resonance imaging of 55 cases with AS associateduveitis were retrospectively analyzed. A modified endotoxin-induced uveitis ( ElU ) clinical standard was used for uveitis grading. SPARCC sacroiliac scoring was used to evaluate bone edema of sacroiliac joint. The correlation between the degree of uveitis and sacroiliitis was assessed.
RESULTS: ln the 55 patients with AS, ElU grading scored 2-10, and SPARCC index scored 0-22. Further analysis showed that the severity of uveitis was significantly correlated with ESR (r=0. 869, P<0. 001) and CRP (r=0. 485, P<0. 001). The degree of anterior uveitis in AS patients was not correlated with inflammation of sacroiliac joint (r=0. 237, P=0. 081).
CONCLUSlON: Local autoimmunity of uveitis and sacroiliac joint inflammation with subsequent bone formation in AS might be mutually independent processes.

AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of ethyl acetate extract from Pongamia pinnata roots (PREA) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions. METHODS The experimental gastric mucosal injuries were prepared by ig ethanol to rats, and the protective effect of PREA was evaluated by calculating lesion index, observing pathological changes, and measuring the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from gastric mucosal tissue. In addition, gastric secretary and gastric wall adherent mucus were studied with the pylorus-ligation rat model. RESULTSCompared with the model control group, PREA (50, 150 and 450 mg·kg-1, ig) dose-dependently prevented the gastric mucosal damages induced by ethanol, its inhibition rates were 28.7%, 57.7% and 78.7 %, respectively. The pathomorphology lesions of mucosal tissue were obviously ameliorated. PREA obviously antagonized the ethanol-induced elevation of MDA content, and reduction of NO level and SOD activity of gastric mucosa. PREA significantly reduced gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity and total acid output, but didn′t affect the pepsin activity. Moreover, PREA obviously increased adherent mucus quantity of stomach wall, as well as free mucus quantity dissolved in gastric juice of pylorus-ligation rat. CONCLUSIONPREA has protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries, which suggests that PREA may be used for protection or treatment of human ethanolinduced gastric lesions.

Animal models with kidney disease are generally divided into two types. One belongs to the models which imitate human kidney disease by the artificial operations, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis, Heymann nephritis, anti-Thyl. 1 antibody nephritis, BSA nephritis and puromycin nephropathy. The other one pertains to the models which make themselves kidney disease, and appear the pathological characteristics naturally as like as human, such as HIGA mice with IgA nephropathy and NZB/WF1 and MRL/1pr mice with lupus nephritis. In addition,the transgenic animal models with kidney disease can also be established by the modern molecular biologic techniques including gene knockout and siRNA transfection. As for the studies related with kidney disease in pharmacodynamics and pharmacology of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it is important to understand deeply the features of each animal model with kidney disease, and select accurately the proper models according to the different experimental objectives, and then, build the special models provided with the combination of disease with syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore,it is the developmental direction for the further study to establish animal models with kidney disease, which should possess the characteristics of syndrome in TCM.
Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVETo observe the protection effect of Ligustrazine Hydrochloride (LH) on coagulation reaction and inflammation reaction in single valve replacement patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSTotally 40 patients undergoing single valve replacement were recruited in the study and randomly assigned to the two groups, the treatment group and the control group, 20 in each group. In treatment group LH (3 mg/kg) was intravenously infused from the jugular vein. LH (3 mg/kg) was also added in the CPB priming. In the control group LH was replaced by equal amount of normal saline. Endothelial micro-particles (EMP) count was detected before CPB, 30 min after CPB, 1 h and 24 h after CPB finished. The coagulation reaction time (R), coagulation time (K), clotting formation velocity (alpha angle), maximum amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), platelet (PLT), hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6, and IL-10 were detected before CPB, 1 h and 24 h after CPB finished.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in aorta arresting time, period of CPB, post-operative drainage volume, plasma transfusion volume, post-operative respirator assistant time, and hospitalization time between the two groups (P >0.05). Compared with pre-CPB in the same group, the count of EMP was much higher at 30 min after CPB and 1 h after CPB finished (P < 0.01). R and K, hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 increased at 1 h and 24 h after CPB finished (P <0.01,P < 0.05). The alpha angle,.MA, CI, and PLT decreased 1 h after CPB finished (P <0.01). The a angle increased, while CI and PLT decreased 24 h after CPB finished (P <0.05). Compared with the control group in the same period, the count of EMP was lower in the treatment group 30 min after CPB and 1 h after CPB finished (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). R and K values obviously decreased in treatment group 1 hour after CPB finished (P <0. 05), while a angle, MA, CI, and PLT increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased in the treatment group 1 h and 24 h after CPB finished (P <0.05), while IL-10 increased (P <0.05). The count of PLT increased 24 h after CPB finished in the treatment group (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONLH had certain protection effect on the vascular endothelium undergoing CPB, and lower excessive activation of coagulation reaction and inflammation reaction in patients undergoing CPB.

Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; methods ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; drug therapy

Objective To observe the long term effects of arthroscopic knee debridement and reconstructing operation for treating osteoarthritis in patients with Kaschin-Beck disease. Methods Thirty-one cases of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were followed for 6 years after operation of articular clearing by arthroscope. Index of pain, symptoms of self-evaluation, range of motion, walking distance, standing test by affected leg when bending at 30° or 60° were recorded and compared with the preoperative results. Results Twenty-four cases were followed up for 6 years. Six years after operation the pain index(3.38 ± 2.87) was dramatically decreased compared to that before operation (6.88 ± 1.45, t = 5.30, P ＜ 0.05). Patients symptoms markedly improved by subjective self-evaluation was 70.83% (17/24), the effective rate was 100% (24/24). The number of cases that could stand up when leg bending at 30° or 60° were 21,18 cases, respectively, compared with that of preoperative of 14, 11 cases, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 5.17,4.27, all P ＜ 0.05). Six years after operation the walking distance(3 cases ＜ 1 km, 11 cases 1 - 5 km and 10 cases ＞ 5 km) were greatly improved compared to the results before operation (12 cases ＜ 1 km, 9 cases 1 - 5 km and 3 cases ＞ 5 km, U = 2.88, P ＜0.05). Six years after operation the knee activity[(132.25 ± 14.52)°] remained at the same level, compared with that of preoperative [(131 .58 ± 14.68) °], the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.16, P ＞ 0.05) .Conclusions The method of arthroscopic joint debridement to cure Kaschin-Beck disease knee osteoarthritis can significantly reduce pain, improve function and walking distance, with more stable long-term satisfactory outcome.

The preterm birth has been increasing for the last decade. With the development of neonatal intensive care techniques, the survival rate of preterm infants is increased markedly. However, the brain of preterm infants is so vulnerable to injury that preterm brain injury has become an enormous public health problem. Hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation are two main perinatal risk factors causing premyelinating oligodendrocyte and cortical neuron injury. Encephalopathy of prematurity is characterized by diffuse white matter injury and neuronal/axonal disruption, leading to neurological disabilities such as cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. The advancement in imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, provides more information for preterm brain injury and brain development, which contributes to the diagnosis and follow-up of the preterm infants. This article reviews the progress in encephalopathy of prematurity in order to open a new window to prophylaxis and management of this disease.
Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed