Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the outcome of severe trauma of various ages in emergency department,to improve the therapeutic effect of emergency rescuing.Methods Two thousand and sixty nine patients of severe trauma were treated during a seven-year period from October 1997 to October 2004.The studied patients were divided into 5 groups:(1)adolescent group(Group A,＜13 years old,n=106);(2)juvenile group(Group B, 13-18 years old,n=128);(3)youth group(Group C,18-40 years old,n=1518);(4)middle age group(Group D, 40-60 years old,n=215);and(5)elderly group(Group E,＞60 years old,n=102).All the patients were evaluated with Injury Severity Score(ISS),and the result was≥16 in all of the studied patients.Results The incidence of severe trauma in male in all 5 groups was higher than that in female,and it was significantly higher in Group C,Group D and Group E when compared with that in the other groups(P＜0.01).Traffic accident was the leading cause of injury,and its incidence in Group A,Group B and Group D was higher than that in other groups(P＜0.01).However,injury caused by falling from high places was the second cause of injury,being significantly increased in Group A,while armed fighting and injury during work being significantly increased in Group B,Group C and Group D,slip fall injury being significantly increased in Group E(P＜0.01).Head injury was mainly found in Group A and Group E,extremities injury and/or spinal injury were increased markedly in Group B,Group C and Group D(P＜0.05),abdominal injury was significantly decreased in Group E(P＜0.001).The total mortality was 11.9%(246/2069).The mortality within 24 hours (20.6%,21/102)was significantly higher than that beyond 24 hours(7.8%,8/102)in Group E(P＜0.01).The time of staying in the emergency department differed significantly between the survived patients and those died in all 5 groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion The gender,the incidence and the characteristics of the injury causes and injury sites differed between severely injured patients of various ages.Mortality in the elderly is significantly increased following severe trauma. The idea of“golden one hour”and“platinum ten minutes”,measures of shortening the time of staying in the emergency clinic,early definite operation and damage control operation should be emphasized.

Objective:To investigate variety pattern of expression level of TCRV?subfamilies in mononuclear cell in spleen tissue of rats with dampness pathogenic factors and normal rats by using FQ-PCR technique. Methods:32 SD rats were divided into four groups: normal group, external dampness group, internal dampness group, external and internal dampness group. Observing period was 20 days. 3 Rats were randomly selected from each group in order to exam the TCRV? subfamilies expression level. Results:The expression of TCRV?1, TCRV?7, TCRV?9 and TCRV?13 in external dampness group were higher than those in normal group (P

Objective To determine if pregnancy affects the toxicity of bupivacaine and to investigate the effect of Shenfu injectio,a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine,on central nervous system and cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine in pregnant rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing 320-360 g were assigned to 3 groups(n =8 each):Ⅰ non-pregnant control group,Ⅱ pregnant control group and Ⅲ Shenfu injectio pretreatment group. The animals were anesthetized with isoflorane(2%-4%)-O_2 inhalation which was stopped before bupivacaine infusion was started.Femoral artery was canunlated for MAP monitoring and blood sampling and femoral vein was cannulated for bupivacaine infusion.MAP,HR and ECG were continuously monitored.All animals in the 3 groups received continuous infusion of 5% bupivacaine at 2 mg?kg~(-1).min~(-1).In group Ⅲ Shenfu injectio 10 ml?kg~(-1) was injected intraperitoneally(IP)30 min before bupivacaine infusion whereas in the two control groups(group Ⅰ and Ⅱ)equal volume of normal saline was injected IP instead of Shenfu injectio.The duration between the beginning of bupivacaine infusion and onset of convulsion/arrhythmia(QRS≥90 ms)/asystol was recorded and the amount of bupivacaine infused was calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the amount of bupivacaine causing convulsion and asystol between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ but the amount of bupivacaine causing arrhythmia was significantly larger in group Ⅰ(non-pregnant) than in group Ⅱ(pregnant control group)(P＜0.05).The amount of bupivacaine causing convulsion,arrhythmia and asystole was significantly larger in Shenfu injectio pretreatment group(group Ⅲ)than in pregnant control group(group Ⅱ)(P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Bupivacaine- induced cardiotoxicity is increased in pregnant rats and Shenfu injectio pretreatment can reduce the systemic toxicity of bupivacaine in pregnant rats.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI).

METHODSRat models of focal cerebral ischemic injury were established in 16 male SD rats. They were randomly divided into the TMP group and the control group, eight in each group, and pretreated with TMP and normal saline respectively before modeling. Change of infarcted cerebral focus was observed with DWMRI at 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hrs after infarction, and the infarction volume (IV) at 24 hrs after modeling was estimated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain.

RESULTSThe IV in all time points observed in the TMP group with DWMRI was significantly smaller than that in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that at 1 hr after infarction, in the control group at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hrs after modeling, the IV enlarged by 13.3%, 29.7%, 50.3% and 57.3% respectively, while that in the TMP group 9.9%, 21.3%, 37.1% and 40.5% respectively. The cerebral IV estimated by TTC stain 24 hrs after modeling was larger than that estimated by DWMRI.

CONCLUSIONTMP pretreatment before modeling was effective in protecting brain against cerebral ischemic damage in rats. DWMRI dynamic scanning observation has important significance in observing the cerebral ischemic developing process and evaluating the effectiveness of brain protective measures.

Animals ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitive effects of 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (TMX) on cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Probe drugs were incubated with and without adding TMX to determine the changes of enzyme activities. The concentration ratio of metabolites to probe drugs was used to present enzyme activities. Concentrations of the probe drugs and their metabolites in the incubated mixture were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The variations (mean, 95%CI) of the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were 2.95 x 10(-3) (2.03 x 10(-3), 3.88 x 10(-3)), 3.14 x 10(-2) (1.87 x 10(-2), 4.42 x 10(-2)), 2.27 x 10(-3) (-1.4 x 10(-2),1.81 x 10(-2)), 7.72 x 10(-2) (-0.83 x 10(-2), 0.2374), and -0.2548 (-2.9802, 2.4707), respectively. The activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced in the present of TMX. CONCLUSION TMX (10 micromol/L) has significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, but no significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

Objective:To improve the genetic stability of HBV gene in transgenic mice.Methods:HBV transgenic mice were bred by backcross and double cross.The HBV gene expression and replication were studied with real-time PCR,ELISA and chemiluminescence.Results:The HBV transgenic mice have stably bred to 23rd generation.The serum HBsAg level is 4122.31?2044.74IU/ml;The rate of HBV transgenic mice whose serum HBV DNA reach 104~106copies/ml was 93.93%.The HBV replication and expression were improved markedly.There is no difference between male and female mice about serum HBsAg level.Conclusion:After breeding the HBV gene was expressed stably with high-level in transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty is an effective treatment method for senile degenerative thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. However, its clinical long-term effect is controversial among scholars both inside and outside China. The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement commonly used in percutaneous kyphoplasty has good plasticity and formability, but its biocompatibility is not yet clear. Injectable artificial bone is a novel filling material to induce bone formation, but its long-term efficacy remains to be verified. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of OSTEOPAL?Plus PMMA bone cement and GeneX? injectable artificial bone graft in the treatment of senile degenerative thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at 24 months postoperatively. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 378 patients with senile degenerative thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures will be recruited from the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China. The patients will be randomized into two groups and undergo percutaneous kyphoplasty. The PMMA group (n=189) will be treated with OSTEOPAL?Plus PMMA bone cement. The artificial bone group (n=189) will be treated with GeneX? injectable artificial bone. Follow-ups will be conducted at 1 week and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The primary outcome measure will be the vertebral body height restoration rate at 24 months postoperatively to evaluate the repair effect of the damaged thoracic vertebra. The secondary outcome measures will be the vertebral body height restoration rate at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively; the incidence of bone cement leakage at 1 week and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively; the visual analog scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, compression rate of the anterior vertebral height, and thoracic morphology revealed by computed tomography preoperatively and at 1 week and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively; and the incidence of adverse reactions at 1 week and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. DISCUSSION: Our results will verify whether OSTEOPAL?Plus PMMA bone cement and GeneX? injectable artificial bone graft are effective and safe for treating senile degenerative thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the short-term and at the 2-year follow-up. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China in November 2017 (approval number: 2017-11). The study protocol will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants who will be fully informed of study protocol and process. This trial was designed in December 2017. The recruitment of subjects and data collection will begin in July 2018. Outcome measures will be analyzed in September 2020. This trial will be completed in October 2020. The results of the trial will be reported in a scientific conference or disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This trial had been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No:ChiCTR1800015411). The version of this study protocol is 1.0.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the criminal characteristics of alcohol-related offence in forensic psychiatric practice. METHODS: Ninety cases were collected according to our research criteria and were divided into two groups, ordinary drinking (OD) (63 cases) and chronic alcoholic (CA) (27 cases). Descriptive and comparative studies were conducted between the two groups. RESULTS: 54.0% OD group had induced incident compare with 22.2% CA group; 58.7% of OD group had a motive while 55.6% of CA group were with no clear motive; 66.6% of OD group had a chosen target, 51.8% of CA group with no clear target; 19.0% of OD group chose criminal time while only 3.7% of CA group did; 61.9% of OD took certain anti-detection means while 59.3% of CA group stayed at the scene. 98.4% of OD group was found guilty and only 3.7% of CA was found guilty. CONCLUSION OD group tends to have induced events, criminal motive, often are found to be guilty; CA group tends to be older, lacks awareness of self-protection during and after committing the crime, and usually is found not guilty or only partially responsible.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholism/psychology* ; Crime/statistics & numerical data* ; Criminal Psychology ; Female ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Homicide/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical treatment effect and factors influencing prognosis of recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant.

METHODSFrom 1990 to 2003, clinical data of 60 patients underwent surgical operation again because of recurrence carcinoma within gastric remnant after radical resection were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe mean survival time was 32.6 months and the median survival time was 27.0 months. Thirty-seven patients (61.7%) received radical resection with the mean survival time of 45.0 months. Twenty-three patients received palliative treatment with the mean survival time of 12.7 months (P< 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the clinical stages, pathologic classification, radical resection, peritoneal seeding, liver metastasis, the expression of CD44v6, PCNA and MVD were significantly correlated with survival time (P< 0.01), but were not correlated with sex,age,recurrence time after the first operation (P> 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the clinical stages, peritoneal seeding and radical resection were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical stages, peritoneal seeding and radical resection are independent prognostic factors of recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant. The radical resection maybe the most effective way to treat the recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Analysis

Adult ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction