Objective To explore the main influence factors of ederly people's cognitive function and provide the countermeasures. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in the elderly volunteers who were sampled from halves of the counties of 22 provinces in China.Modified minimental state examination(MMSE)scale was adopted to investigate the 6819 Chinese elderly people who were investigated in the Chinese elderly health questionnaire in 2002.Simple Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were applied in the analysis. Results The results showed that the perfect rate of cognition function was 85.0%in male,and 80.43%in female.The rate was 97.7%in people at age of 60-69 years,94.8%,70-79 years,85.0%,80-89 years,71.11%,90-99 years,55.7%,100-111 years,94.8%.There existed significant cognitive function differences in gender,age,education,born place,marital status,1iving status,smoking history,drinking history,physical exercise,self-satisfaction with life,affective state and healthy status(all P＜0.01).Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that influence factors of cognitive function of the elderly were age,education level,marital status,physical exercise and optimistic state. Conclusions The risk factors for cognitive function are aging and widowhood.Higher education,regular physical exercise,optimistic state are protective factors for cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)in-308 loci of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)gene promoter region and chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Genotypes of-308 loci of the TNF-αpromoter were examined by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)in 142 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB group)and 150 healthy controls (HC group).The indexes for evalua-ting the curative effect were the ALT,AST,HBeAg,HBV-DNA and the viral load weight,HBV-LP and HBV-PreS1,mean-while,the correlations between related indexes and SNP in TNF-α308 loci were explored as well.Results There was no sta-tistical significance in frequency distribution difference of the genotypes and alleles of-308 loci between CHC and HC groups (P>0.05),the protective factors of TNF-α308 allele A may be not associated with CHB (OR=1.529,OR95%CI:0.872~2.684).There was no association between TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A polymorphism and the positive rates of AST, ALT,HBV-LP and HBV-PreS1 (P>0.05),however,TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism associates with the positive rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA,and A-allele of 308 loci may increase the risk of HBeAg and HBV-DNA positive expression (HBeAg:OR=3.256,OR95%CI=1.105~9.594;HBV-DNA:OR=2.847,OR95%CI=1.059~7.655).Furthermore,A-allele compared with Gallele,statistically significant differences were observed in the certain HBVDNA viral load range of104~107 copies/ml (P <005).Conclusion TNFαgene promoter308G/A polymorphism would not be associated withCHB,but the TNFα308 gene G mutation of Aallele,which was associated with HBVDNA viral load,may be the susceptible factors of HBV infection.

AIM: Based on the finding of adipophilin expression with the increase in cellular cholesterol, the aim of the present study was to look for the active site of adipophilin in cellular cholesteryl metabolism. METHODS: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated with 80 mg/L Ox-LDL (Ox-LDL group) or 80 mg/L Ox-LDL plus 1 mmol/L adipophilin antisense oligonucleotides (Ox-LDL+antisense group), respectively. At the various time points, the incubated cell samples were observed with adipophilin immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometric analysis and cellular cholesterol analysis. RESULTS: The Ox-LDL+antisense group cells contained significantly lower cholesteryl ester (19.9?1.9) mg/g (protein) than that of cells in Ox-LDL group (46.6?3.4) mg/g (protein) at 4 days. From 12 h, expression of adipophilin in Ox-LDL group increased more quickly than that of the cells in Ox-LDL+antisense group. At day 4, the level of adipophilin expression in Ox-LDL group was significantly higher than that in Ox-LDL+antisense group. During the observation, the amount of Ox-r[CL-3H] LDL taking up increased gradually in both groups, however, from day 1 the taking up amount in Ox-LDL+antisense group was less than that in Ox-LDL group. There was a statistical difference between the two groups from day 2 to day 4. From 6 h to day 2, the relative ACAT activity increased in both groups. The relative ACAT activity kept unchanged from day 2 to day 4 in the two groups. At day 2, the relative ACAT activity in Ox-LDL+antisense group was significantly lower than that in Ox-LDL group. Correlative analysis between activity of ACAT and adipophilin expression showed than R2 were 0.6176 and 0.8212 (P

Objective To observe the effect of the electroacupuncture ( EA) on the expression of cyclin-de-pendent kinase 5 ( Cdk5 ) in rats with muscle contusion and to explore its mechanism. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group of 4, a model group of 4, a natural recovery group ( NR) of 12 and an EA group of 12. All except those in the normal group had acute skeletal muscle contusion induced through a heavy blow. The EA group was treated with 15 minutes of EA daily beginning 48 h after the injury while the other rats received no EA. The model group was sacrificed 24 h after modeling, and rats from the NR and EA groups were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after the modeling to collect tissues. Hematoxylin eosin ( HE) staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR were used to observe any histological changes, as well as Cdk5 protein and mRNA expression. Results The HE staining showed that the other 3 groups displayed larger a-mounts of muscle fiber fracture, dissolution and inflammatory cell invasion than was observed in the normal group. Compared with the NR group, quicker recovery was seen in the EA group as evidenced by faster muscle satellite cell proliferation and more new muscle fiber generation. The average Cdk5 protein expression in both the NR and EA groups was higher than in the normal group, and that of the EA group was significantly lower than that of the NR group. Conclusions Muscle contusion can increase Cdk5 expression in skeletal muscles, at least in rats. EA can promote the restoration of skeletal muscle function, probably by inhibiting CDK5 protein and mRNA expression.

The three-in-one immunoaffinity column ( IAC ) for the determination of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 )-zearalenone (ZEN)-deoxynivalenol (DON) was prepared with rProtein A-sepharose 4B as the column matrix. The comprehensive performance ( such as nonspecific adsorption, column blank, column capacity, column efficiency and sample standard addition recovery rate) was evaluated and investigated. The results showed that, the column capacities of AFB1 , ZEN, DON were 295 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, 905 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, 2342 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, respectively, and the column blank was 0. The average recoveries of AFB1 , ZEN and DON were 97. 4%, 98. 0% and 98. 4%, respectively. By optimizing conditions, the samples were extracted using the mixture of methanol and water (80:20, V/V), and diluted with phosphate buffered saline (contain 0. 1% Tween-20, PBST). The detection results of FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme) by different batch three-in-one columns were close to the target value. The prepared three-in-one immunoaffinity column which could take the place of conventional single immunoaffinity column was able to meet the requirement for treatment of food and feed samples, and lay a foundation for one step enrichment, purification and detection of multi-mycotoxins.

During the process of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy, whether there being a corrosive effect in ac- upuncture needles was observed. Acupuncture needles were inserted into a rabbit's acupoint to perform a 12-hour electrical stimulation with three types of common EA waveform; additionally two needles were put in 0.9% sodium chloride solution with 12-hour direct current. Afterwards, environmental scanning electron microscope was applied to detect the surface physical characteristics of acupuncture needles. As a result, after a 12-hour continued electri- cal stimulation with three types of common EA waveform in the rabbit, there was no corrosive effect in acupunc- ture needles; but the direct current could cause severe corrosion in acupuncture needles. It is believed that there is no corrosion effect on acupuncture needles in current EA treatment, and some accidents reported in literature may be related to quality of EA device or improper manipulation during the treatment.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Corrosion ; Electroacupuncture ; instrumentation ; Male ; Needles ; adverse effects ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy differences in early intervention of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on gastrocnemius fatigue in rats induced by electrical stimulation.

METHODSFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a hand acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 10 rats in each group. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve was given in the control group and gastrocnemius fatigue test was induced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in the model group after anesthesia without other treatment, but just take 6 times interval stimulation in the control group. The hand acupuncture group, the electroacupuncture group and the moxibustion group were treated with the corresponding acupoints stimulation method respectively for 20 min before gastrocnemius fatigue test, and Dazhui (GV 14) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected. Immediately after gastrocnemius fatigue test, three or four gastrocnemius tissues at the same site on the right side were quickly taken for making specimen for transmission electron microscope (TEM). The changes of skeletal muscle ultrastructure of myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, glycogen particles were observed under TEM.

RESULTS(1) Muscle fibers disorder, partial mitochondrial vacuolization and glycogen particles smaller were shown in the model group. (2) No abnormalities were shown in the hand acupuncture group and the moxibustion group with mitochondrial morphology and number, which better than that in the model group, and glycogen particles increased. (3) Abnormal changes in morphology were shown in the electroacupuncture group with part of the muscle fibers derangement, Z line malalignment and a few mitochondria vacuolization.

CONCLUSIONHand acupuncture, electroacupuncture and moxibustion have the different effects on ultrastructure of gastrocoemius in rats. Acupuncture and moxibustion have shown good effects on the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced skeletal muscle cell and organelle damage and delaying exercise-induced fatigue.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Moxibustion ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

An organic solvent tolerant isolate A213 originating from soil samples were successfully isolated via direct plating method using 10g/L of toluene as the sole carbon source and transparent cycle plate assay method.It was identified as Yarrowia based on its characteris- tics.The results in shake flask cultivation showed that the suitable tipase producing media were(g/L):yeast extract 40,vegetable oil 10, MgSO_4?7H_2O1,KH_2PO_4 5.Under optimal culture conditions (27℃and pH 6.5 ),the maximal lipase activity could reach 67.8 IU/ mL The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by crude lipase were pH6.5 and 40℃The enzyme was sta- ble under 70℃and pH 5.5～8.5.Then isolate A213 was found to produce the lipase which can synthesize L-ascorbyl palmitate in tert-amyl alcohol validated by the thin-layer chromatography.

Objective To assess the accuracy of neuronavigation of 3D DSA and to evaluate the feasibility of 3D DSA neuronavigational neurosurgery through the coregistration of 3D DSA and MRI(A). Methods A Peg-Board Phantom was used in our study.The phantom consisted of 32 rods which were used for target localization;the height and the location of the rods were in normal distribution.For 3D DSA (Infinix NS/VC,Toshiba),the raw data was reconstructed to 3D images on the DSA workstation,and transferred to a online PC workstation where it was converted to standard 2D DICOM image data using WFU DICOM_Toolkit software.For MRI(A),the phantom was scanned with FSPGR sequence on the MRI scanner(GE SigMa VH/i 3.0 T),and the DICOM images were also transferred to the online PC workstation.Using the software 3D Slicer registration was performed on the PC workstation by using the location and shape of the rods in the phantom.The localization error of the rods was measured in image space as the Euclidean distance between targets defined in image space and those detected in the physical space. Paired t test was used to evaluate the difference between the accuracy of neuronaviagtion of 3D DSA and that of MRI(A).Results Through the coregistration of the rods in the phantom from different modality,all the images were better coregistrated.The mean localization error was(0.38?0.24)mm(3D DSA)and (0.31?0.12)mm[MRI(A)].There was no significant statistical difference between the accuracy of neuronavigation of 3D DSA and MRI(A)(t=-0.601,P=0.55).Conclusion 3D DSA images can be used in the neuronavigation system through the coregistration of 3D DSA and MRI(A).

ObjectiveTo explore the role of ERK1/2 in the expression of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1) induced by parathonnone (PTH) in human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells.MethodsVarious concentrentions of PTH and manifold durations were applied in the test.The expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Besides,ERK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting before the ERK1/2 inhibitor incubated with the HK-2 cells or after.Results The expression of PAI-1mRNA and protein was gradually up-regulatad along with the increasing concentrations of PTH(10-12-10-10 mol/L).The maximum level of PAI-1 mRNA and protein was detected in 10-10 mol/L PTH and was 4.01 and 3.81 times of control group.Otherwise,the decreased expression of PAI-1 was found while the concentrations of PTH were beyond 10-10 mol/L.The levels of PAI-1 mRNA and protein were increased in pace withtime from 12 to 72 hour,in time-dependent manner,which was 4.06 (12 h) and 4.03 (72 h) times of 0 hour group.The levels of ERK1/2 and PAI-1 were ascended after 10-10 mol/L PTH incubated with the HK-2 cells (all P＜0.01).Howerver,both of them decended after cells were pretreated by the ERK1/2 inhibitor (all P＜0.01),but were still higher than those of control group(all P＜0.05).ConclusionERK1/2 kinase system partly participates in the regulation of PAI-1 induced by PTH in HK-2 cells.