Objective To investigate the effect of transient receptor potential M4 (TRPM4) on autonomous regulation disorder of cerebral blood flow following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.Methods A total of 120 clean grade male SD rats were selected.They were divided into sham operation,SAH,negative control,and treatment groups according to the random number table.The dead rats were excluded.A SAH model was induced by using the suprasellar cistern injection method with a stereotaxic apparatus.Isotonic saline 0.2 ml was injected into the rats of the sham operation group and negative control group respectively,and autologous tail arterial blood 0.2 ml was injected into the rats of the SAH group and the treatment group respectively.The isotonic saline solution was continuously pumped into lateral ventricle of rats via implantable micro-pump in the sham operation group and the SAH group respectively,and the concentration of 0.03 mol/L of TRPM4 blocking agent was continuously pumped into the lateral ventricles of rats in the control group and the treatment group respectively.The 4 groups of rats received the regional cerebral blood flow and whole cerebral blood flow detection on day 3,5,and 7,respectively.Results One hundred and six (88.3%) of the 120 SD rats survived to the time point of study,data analyses were performed in the 4 groups (with 21 rats in each group) respectively (n=7 in each time point).There were significant differences in cerebral cortex local and whole cerebral blood flow at day 3,5,and 7 in the sham operation,SAH and negative control groups (all P<0.05).Cerebral cortex local cerebral blood flow (141±18,148±24,and 168±19 PU,respectively at day 3,5,and 7) and whole cerebral blood flow (93±5,85±5,and 85±6 ml/[100 g·min],respectively at day 3,5,and 7 in the SAH group) were decreased significantly compared with the sham operation group (cortex local cerebral blood flow:235±17,220±24,and 224±20 PU),whole cerebral blood flow (141±10,147±8,and 143±8 ml/[100 g·min]),all P<0.05).Cerebral cortex local and whole cerebral blood flow (cortical local cerebral blood flow:183±26,173±26,and 187±15 PU,whole brain:114±10,104±9,and 119±5 ml/(100 g·min) in the treatment group were significantly increased compared with the SAH group (all P<0.05).Conclusion TRPM4 has an obvious effect on improving the autonomous regulation disorder of cerebral blood flow after SAH.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms in middle school students after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods:The PTSD Checklist-Civilian version( PCL-C),which included three symptom groups(A,B,and C),was used to assess the PTSD symptoms in 1960 middle school students in the disaster region through self-questionnaire.Results:(1)The general positive rate of PTSD symptoms was 78.3%,and that of B group was the highest(68.9%).(2)The rates of general PTSD and three symptom groups of PTSD were higher in girls,high grade students,minority groups,rural students,injured in earthquake and those who lost family property than in boys,low grade students,the Han nationality,urban students,not injured in earthquake and those who did not lost family property[such as,the general positive rate of PTSD symptoms:girls 82.2%,boys 73.9%,P<0.05].(3)The rates of severe PTSD symptoms in girls and rural students were higher than that in boys and urban students(27.9% vs.19.9%,26.7% vs.21.4%,Ps<0.05).Conclusions:PTSD symptoms are common among middle school students in earthquake region.Targeted measures should be taken to protect middle school students from PTSD in earthquake region.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the different decompression methods to treat cervical spondylosis based on imageological evaluation.

METHODSTwo hundred and sixty three consecutive patients with cervical spondylosis between Nov. 2004 and Oct. 2007 were involved in this study. Patients were distributed to different operation groups based on the preoperative imageological evaluation, including anterior or posterior decompression methods. The Anterior method is to use the discectomy of one to three segments, autogenous iliac graft or titanium mesh or cage fusion and titanium plate fixation, or subtotal vertebrectomy of one to two segments autogenous iliac graft or titanium mesh fusion and titanium plate fixation, or discectomy plus subtotal vertebrectomy, The posterior expansive single open door laminoplasty and other operation types. All the patients were divided into different groups by the preoperative imageological evaluation, age, sex and course of diseases. Then we collected each group's preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and mean improvement rate to evaluate the postoperative effect by different decompression methods.

RESULTSTwo hundred and thirty five patients were followed up with a mean period of 18 months (range, 4 to 36 months). JOA scores of all patients were improved by different degrees after operations. Anterior and posterior decompression methods both can achieve higher mean improvement rates. There were no significant differences in mean improvement rates between anterior groups, and so did male and female (P > 0.05). The effect will decrease as age increases or the course of disease prolongs. Statistical significance existed among the different age groups and between course groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAnterior and posterior decompression methods both can achieve good effect. The key point is to choose the surgical indication correctly, decompress thoroughly, and make the fusion reliable and fixation firm. In regard to the patients' imageological evaluation, the methods should be differentiated. The anterior operation type included discectomy of one to three segments, subtotal vertebrectomy of one to two segments and discectomy plus subtotal vertebra ectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Diskectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylosis ; surgery ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived social support (PSS)ability among middle school students in earthquake-stricken areas after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. Methods A total of 1966 students from three secondary schools of Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas were evaluated by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Results The overall incidence rate of PTSD was 78.3%, with severe PTSD as 24.38%. Significant differences on the incidence rates of PTSD were found among the students who were in different PSS levels (P<0.05) and significant negative correlation existed between the levels of severity on PTSD and PSS (γ=-0.226, P<0.05). Significant differences on PTSD incidence rates were found among those students who were from different families or out-family PSS levels (P=0.009, P<0.05). Significant negative correlation existed between the severity of PTSD and family or out-family PSS level (γ=-0.176, P<0.05, γ=-0.214, P<0.05). Conclusion Relationships between the incidence rate, severity of PTSD and PSS levels existed among the middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas, with higher PSS, lower incidence rate and lighter severity of PTSD. Psychological intervention for earthquake-stricken students should be carried out.

Using the absorbent resin, silica gel and ODS column chromatography as well as semi-preparative HPLC, ten compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of tubers of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright, and their structures were elucidated as trigoneoside XIIIa (1), parvifloside (2), trigoneoside IVa (3), deltoside (4), protobioside (5), lilioglycoside k (6), zingiberensis newsaponin I (7), deltonin (8), prosapogenin A of dioscin (9), and trillin (10) on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis. Among these compounds, 1, 3, 5 and 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time. In the screening test on platelet aggregation, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited induction effect on platelet aggregation, while compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro.
Animals ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEto compare the therapeutic effect of posterolateral fusion (PLF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and posterior circumferential fusion (PCF) for lumbar spondylolisthesis.

METHODSfrom January 2003 to December 2008, 232 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with pedicle screw fixation and followed for reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups based on fusion method: group A (PLF, 66 case), group B (PLIF, 54 case)and group C (PCF, 112 case). The three groups were reviewed and compared for clinical outcome and fusion rate.

RESULTSthe mean follow-up period was 21 months (range, 6-60 months). The fusion rate was 80.1% for PLF, 92.5% for PLIF and 93.7% for PCF group (P > 0.05). As to isthmic spondylolisthesis or Meyerding grade degenerative II and III spondylolisthesis, the fusion rate was 60.7% for PLF group, 90% for PLIF group and 93.3% for PCF group (P < 0.05). Compare the fusion rate for PLF group and PLIF+ PCF group (P < 0.05), fusion rate for PLIF group and PCF group (P > 0.05). The rate of excellent and good together was 84.8% in PLF group, 90.7% in PLIF group and 93.6% in PCF group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSposterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior circumferential fusion are more consistent with bio-mechanics, have a higher fusion rate, for the treatment of spondylolisthesis they are the preferred surgical approaches.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylolisthesis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

To study the dynamic change law of bioactive constituents from Polygonum multiflorum, and to explore the optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum. Determination of stilhene glucoside, anthraquinones and catechin from P. multiflorum in different harvest times by MEKC-DAD, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensive evaluation for bioactive constituents. There are obvious differences among the contents of active ingredients in various collecting periods samples, the content of stilbene glucoside was the highest in November, the total content of combined anthraquinone was the highest in November and December, the content of catechin was the highest in September. The comprehensive evaluation index obtained with principal component analysis showed that the sample collected in November is significantly higher than those with other samples. The optimal harvest period of P. multiflorum is November.
Electrophoresis ; Fallopia multiflora ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To provide objective proof on diagnosis of electrical current mark in electrocution, the environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser (ESEM-EDX) were adopted to study the microscopic morphological characteristics and elemental composition of electrical current mark. METHODS: Morphological characteristics of electrical current marks, the elemental composition and morphology of metal particles were studied with ESEM-EDX. RESULTS: The electroporation and metal melted beads could be found in the electrical current marks and skin around them. The metal melted beads mainly composed of common metal such as iron, copper, aluminum and some uncommon metal including gold, titanium and barium. CONCLUSION ESEM-EDX can be applied in forensic diagnosis of electrocution.
Autopsy ; Electric Injuries/pathology* ; Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy/analysis* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods* ; Skin/pathology* ; Trace Elements/analysis* ; X-Rays

BACKGROUNDThe new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was developed to address the systematic underestimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation in patients with relatively well-preserved kidney function. Performance of the new equation in the Chinese population is unknown. The goal of the present study was to compare performance of these two equations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

METHODSWe enrolled 450 Chinese patients (239 women and 211 men) with CKD in the present study. The renal dynamic imaging method was used to measure the referenced standard GFR (rGFR) for comparison with estimations using the two equations. Their overall performance was assessed with the Bland-Altman method and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Performance of the two equations in lower and higher estimated GFR (eGFR) subgroups was further investigated.

RESULTSBoth eGFRs correlated well with rGFR (r = 0.88, 0.81, P < 0.05). In overall performance, the CKD-EPI equation showed less bias, higher precision and improved accuracy, and was better for detecting CKD. In the higher-eGFR subgroup, the CKD-EPI equation corrected the underestimation of GFR by the abbreviated MDRD equation.

CONCLUSIONSThe CKD-EPI equation outperformed the abbreviated MDRD equation not only in overall performance but also in the subgroups studied. For the present, the CKD-EPI equation appears to be the first-choice prediction equation for estimating GFR.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical

OBJECTIVEThe determination of skeletal maturity has an important role in pediatric clinical practice, especially in relation to endocrinological problems and growth disorders, and it is frequently useful in diagnosis and monitoring treatment. It has been suggested that the difference between radius, ulna and short bonse (RUS) and carpal may be of differential diagnostic significance. However, no data on comparison among bone ages of Chinese children are available. The differences between TW3-Chinese RUS (TW3-C RUS) and TW3-Chinese Carpal (TW3-C Carpal) bone age of Chinese children were observed in this study to provide references for skeletal development estimation.

METHODSTotally 9408 Han healthy children (5066 boys, 4302 girls) aged 1.5 - 13.5 years from 5 cities of China were enrolled in this study. The bone ages of the children were estimated by TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal. The Z score curves of the differences between them were fitted by BCPE distribution and the goodness-of-fit of Box-Cox power exponential distribution (BCPE) models were assessed by Q-test and percents of cases of sample below the fitted percentile curves.

RESULTSThe means of the differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal were -0.19 - 0.17 over the age 2.0 - 13.5 years in boys and -0.12 - 0.13 from age 1.5 - 11.5 years in girls. The standard deviations were respectively 0.47 - 1.01 years for boys and 0.49 - 0.82 years for girls. The degrees of freedom, with respect to the parameter curves from BCPE distribution, were selected and the percentile curves were fitted by BCPE. The differences between percents of cases below the fitted percentile curves and expected values were all under 0.66%, exception of difference for 90th percentile in girls.

CONCLUSIONSThe differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal varied with age, the standard deviations increased gradually before 4.5 years of age in boys and 4 years of age in girls, and afterwards the variations decreased steadily until the TW3-C Carpal has reached full maturity. However, there was sex diversity in the extent of the variations. The differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal for boys were evidently greater than that for girls. The sex difference decreased progressively after 10 years. The proposed Z scores curves charts should provide reference for clinical practice.

Adolescent ; Age Determination by Skeleton ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Development ; Carpal Bones ; anatomy & histology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Radius ; Reference Values ; Ulna ; Urban Population