Objective To investigate the effects of ropivacaine infiltration combined with dezocine on the agitation during recovery from general anesthesia in the patients undergoing cerebral surgery.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elective neurosurgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ropivacaine group (group R),dezocine group (group D),and ropivacaine + dezocine group (group RD).Group C received local infiltration with normal saline 20 ml at 10 min before skin incision,and normal saline 2 ml was injected intravenously at 30 min before the end of operation.The patients received local infiltration with 0.5％ ropivacaine 20 ml at 10 min before skin incision,and normal saline 2 ml was injected intravenously at 30 min before the end of operation in group R.Group D received local infiltration with normal saline 20 ml at 10 min before skin incision,and dezocine 10 mg was injected intravenously at 30 min before the end of operation.The patients received local infiltration with 0.5％ ropivacaine 20 ml at 10 min before skin incision,and dezocine 10 mg was injected intravenously at 30 min before the end of operation in group RD.The time for recovery from anesthesia,extubation time,and development of agitation after extubation in PACU were recorded.Agitation was assessed and scored.Ramsay sedation score and VAS score were recorded immediately after extubation.The development of cardiovascular events and respiratory depression was recorded within 10 min after extubation.Before induction of anesthesia (T0),at the end of surgery (T1) and immediately after extubation (T2),blood samples were collected from the dorsal artery of foot for deter mination of the levels of blood glucose,plasma cortisone,epinephrine and norepinephrine.Results Compared with group C,the agitation score,incidence of agitation,VAS score,and incidence of postoperative hypertension were significantly decreased in R,D and RD groups,especially in R and D groups.The time for recovery from anesthesia and time for extubation were significantly shorter in R and RD groups than in group C.Ramsay sedation scores were significantly higher at the onset of extubation in R,D and RD groups than in group C.Ramsay sedation scores were significantly higher in D and RD groups than in group R.Compared with group C,the levels of blood glucose,plasma cortisone,epinephrine and norepinephrine were significantly decreased in R,D and RD groups,especially in group RD.Conclusion Ropivacaine infiltration combined with dezocine can reduce the agitation during recovery from general anesthesia in the patients undergoing cerebral surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and establish a risk assessment indicator system of infectious disease event for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and to assess the risk of infectious disease epidemic on 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, as to offering scientific bases for security public health of Olympic Games.

METHODSRisk assessment subject discussion group was constituted to collect all sorts of data of infectious disease and the risk assessment and synthesis were analyzed. Then the expert's opinions were consulted to confirm the entered indicators and the judged content of indicators.

RESULTSA preliminary risk assessment indicator system of infectious disease events of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was established. The system mainly include six first level indicators and twenty judge indicators altogether.

CONCLUSIONSThe risk assessment indicators system of infectious disease event for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games should be considered as all the risk factors and general application characteristics. It might be used in any security procedure of important function and risk management.

Anniversaries and Special Events ; China ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Public Health ; Public Health Administration ; Risk Assessment ; Sports

Objective To investigate the frequency of CD4~+CD25~+FoxP3~+regulatory T cells (Treg)and the expression of the functional protein,FoxP3,in patients with active tuberculosis and the relationship between Treg and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.Methods Forty-five patients with active tuberculosis(including 25 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 20 tuberculous lymphadenitis), 20 healthy controls,20 recovered tuberculosis patients and 6 patients with reactive hyperplasia in cer- vical lymph node were enrolled.The frequency of CD4~+ CD25~+ FoxP3~+ Treg in the peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry.FoxP3 mRNA expression was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and the expression of FoxP3 protein in lymphoid tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results The frequency of natural Treg in the peripheral blood from the patients with active tuberculosis was 2.91%?0.23%,which was signifi- cantly higher than that of healthy control group(1.22%?0.18%)and recovered tuberculosis patients(1.50%?0.17%,P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiologic agents of the SARS and develop diagnostic method for this disease.

METHODSThirty-six nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from 27 patients with SARS in Shenzhen were collected. The samples were aliquotted to three parts and subjected to molecular assays for human metapneumovirus, chlamydia and a novel coronavirus, which was reported recently to be the etiologic agent of SARS. Nested RT-PCR was used to amplify the RNA polymerase gene of the novel coronavirus and the PCR products were sequenced directly or after cloned to pMD18-T vector.

RESULTSHuman metapneumovirus and chlamydia genes were detected in none of the specimens using the RT-PCR and nested-PCR, respectively. The novel coronavirus gene were amplified in 6 of 36 specimens, the sequence analysis indicated that this novel coronavirus is unrelated to any other coronavirus reported previously. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid alignment between this coronavirus and others was not more than 40% and 70% to 82%, respectively, while the nucleotide sequence cloned from the 6 patients were identical.

CONCLUSIONSThe SARS patients in Shenzhen were infected with coronavirus and this novel coronavirus is associated with SARS. The sequence analysis indicated that the coronavirus from SARS patients in Shenzhen is the same as that identified from other areas such as Canada and Hong Kong. A specific diagnostic nested RT-PCR was developed to identify this novel coronavirus infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology

AIMTo observe the effect of rhubarb ethanol-extract on hyperlipidemia and liver fatty in rabbits.

METHODSThirty healthy male white rabbits were divided randomly into five groups, six rabbits in each group. The rabbits in control group were fed with common forage. The rabbits in model group were fed with high lipid forage. The rabbits in three different rhubarb groups were fed with high lipid forage and treated with different level rhubarb ethanol-extract (REE). In the process of experiment, periodically measured serology index of the rabbits and observed common physiology index. The rabbits were killed at the end of tenth week, liver fatty degeneration degree and liver coefficient were measured and compared.

RESULTSREE could decrease serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increase serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and reduce liver fatty de generation and protect liver cell function. And the dose-effect relation was showed among different dose REE groups.

CONCLUSIONREE can significantly reduce blood lipid, prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and liver fatty.

Animals ; Ethanol ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rheum

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of MUM-1/IRF4 and its significance in follicular lymphoma.

METHODSNinety-eight cases of follicular lymphoma were enrolled into the study. They were graded according to the 2008 WHO criteria. The expression of MUM-1/IRF4 protein and other markers (CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67) was studied using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAmongst the 98 cases studied, there were 24 grade 1 cases, 30 grade 2 cases, 26 grade 3A cases and 18 were grade 3B cases. The rates of expression of MUM-1/IRF4, CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67 (≥ 25%) were 39.8% (39/98), 62.2% (61/98), 80.6% (79/98), 87.8% (86/98) and 50.0% (49/98), respectively. MUM-1/IRF4 predominantly expressed in high-grade follicular lymphoma and showed a significantly positive correlation with lymphoma grade (r = 0.628, P = 0.000) and Ki-67 index (r = 0.473, P = 0.000). MUM-1/IRF4 expression had a significantly negative correlation with CD10 expression (r = -0.597, P = 0.000), but no correlation with bcl-6 and bcl-2 expression.

CONCLUSIONSMUM-1/IRF4 expression is significantly higher in high-grade follicular lymphoma, indicating that these cases have a high proliferative activity, more aggressive behavior and poorer prognosis. MUM-1/IRF4, when strongly expressed, is another helpful marker for the diagnosis of high-grade follicular lymphoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6

Objective To investigate the source of the first human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in Beijing. Methods Interviewing the relatives of the case and other key persons, collecting and detecting samples of related biological, epidemiological and environmental data of the case were conducted. Later, the infection source was thoroughly investigated. Results The case ever contacted a slaughtered duck 5 days prior to the onset of illness, and the duck was bought from a stall of a wet market in Yanjiao area of Hebei province. Ten environmental samples were collected in this stall and the neighboring stall of the market. Another 6 samples were tested positive for H5N1 virus by PCR method, with 5 virus strains isolated. The whole-genome sequencing indicated that the amino acid homology between the H5N1 virus strains from the environment and the virus isolated from the case reached 99.8%-100%. Conclusion From both epidemiological and virological evidence, it was proved that the first human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in Beijing was infected by a duck that carrying H5N1 virus the case contacted 5 days proceeding the onset of illness.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of hepatitis B infections and carrier status among general population in Chaoyang district, Beijing in 2010.

METHODSFrom May to December 2010, 14 491 subjects over 12 months old were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method from residents in Chaoyang district, Beijing. Five millilitre venous blood specimens were collected from these subjects to test hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies. Status of hepatitis B infections were analyzed in different age, sex and registered permanent residence groups.

RESULTSThe overall positive rate of surface antigen (HBsAg) was 2.66% (383/14 410). The lowest rate of 0.56% (9/1603) was found in the 1 to 14 years old group and the 35 to 44 years old group had the highest rate of 4.27% (92/2154). The rate in subjects younger than 24 years old was 1.03% (31/2986). The overall positive rate of surface antibody (anti-HBs) was 40.21% (5798/14 421). The highest positive rate of anti-HBs (80.59%, 407/505) was found in the 1 to 4 years old group. The overall positive rate of core antibody (anti-HBc) was 30.26% (4364/14 424). The overall hepatitis B virus infection rate was 30.32% (4364/14 393). For male and female groups, the positive rates of HBsAg were 2.93% (179/6108) and 2.44% (202/8287) respectively (χ² = 3.32, P > 0.05); anti-HBs were 41.93% (2563/6113) and 38.96% (3231/8293) respectively (χ² = 12.88, P < 0.01); and anti-HBc were 31.39% (1919/6114) and 29.39% (2438/8295) respectively (χ² = 6.65, P = 0.01). For local residents group and mobile population group, the positive rates of HBsAg were 2.46% (283/11 510) and 3.60% (98/2719) respectively (χ² = 11.08, P < 0.01); anti-HBs were 37.11% (4293/11 568) and 53.07% (1445/2723) respectively (χ² = 233.51, P < 0.01); and anti-HBc were 30.83% (3567/11 570), and 28.41% (774/2724) respectively (χ² = 6.08, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe positive rate of HBsAg in population younger than 24 years old has reached a relatively low level. The mobile population has significantly higher positive rate of HBsAg than local residents, indicating the need for enhancing prevention and control measures for hepatitis B for the mobile population and local residents over 25 years old.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDuring recent years, the incidence of serious infections caused by opportunistic fungi has increased dramatically due to alterations of the immune status of patients with hematological diseases, malignant tumors, transplantations and so forth. Unfortunately, the wide use of triazole antifungal agents to treat these infections has lead to the emergence of Aspergillus spp. resistant to triazoles. The present study was to assess the in vitro activities of five antifungal agents (voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin) against different kinds of Aspergillus spp. that are commonly encountered in the clinical setting.

METHODSThe agar-based Etest MIC method was employed. One hundred and seven strains of Aspergillus spp. (5 species) were collected and prepared according to Etest Technique Manuel. Etest MICs were determined with RPMI agar containing 2% glucose and were read after incubation for 48 hours at 35°C. MIC(50), MIC(90) and MIC range were acquired by Whonet 5.4 software.

RESULTSThe MIC(90) of caspofungin against A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. nidulans was 0.094 µg/ml whereas the MIC(90) against A. niger was 0.19 µg/ml. For these four species, the MIC(90) of caspofungin was the lowest among the five antifungal agents. For A. terrus, the MIC(90) of posaconazole was the lowest. For A. fumigatus and A. flavus, the MIC(90) in order of increasing was caspofungin, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B. The MIC of amphotericin B against A. terrus was higher than 32 µg/ml in all 7 strains tested.

CONCLUSIONSThe in vitro antifungal susceptibility test shows the new drug caspofungin, which is a kind of echinocandins, has good activity against the five species of Aspergillus spp. and all the triazoles tested have better in vitro activity than traditional amphotericin B.

Amphotericin B ; pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus ; drug effects ; Echinocandins ; pharmacology ; Itraconazole ; pharmacology ; Lipopeptides ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Triazoles ; pharmacology ; Voriconazole

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidences of hyperechoic breast lesions and hyperechoic breast cancers in lesions categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 on ultrasound and investigate their sonographic features and the underlying histological causes.

METHODSThe pathologic records for 848 sonographically guided core needle biopsies or surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed from June 2012 to March 2014. Hyperechoic lesions were identified and their sonographic features were evaluated. The incidence of hyperechoic breast lesions and the frequency of hyperechoic cancers among all hyperechoic breast lesions were calculated.

RESULTSOf all 848 lesions, 0.9% (8/848) were hyperechoic. Twenty-five percent (2/8) of the hyperechoic lesions were malignant and the remaining six were benign. Among the 280 malignant lesions, 0.7%(2/280) were hyperechoic. The pathological basis of breast lesions presenting as hyperechoic nodules included inflammatory edema, galactoceles, and grit calcifications. Little difference of sonographic feature was found between benign and malignant hyperechoic lesions in this study.

CONCLUSIONSHyperechoic breast lesions are rare conditions but can be associated with a high ratio of breast cancer. History-taking and imaging techniques may help to avoid misdiagnosis.

Breast Cyst ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Mammary