Objective To observe the impact of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia on the early apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells.Methods A549 cells was first stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)or staurosporine (STS)to induce cell apoptosis,and then co-cultured with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia of three different concentrations (5 × 10 5 ,5 × 10 6 ,5 × 10 7 )simultaneously.The changes of the apoptosis rate of A549 cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results The early apoptosis of A549 cells was increased markedly after stimulated with TNF-α ([14.94 ± 0.82 ]% vs [3.26 ± 0.74]%,χ2 =9.18,P <0.05)and STS ([18.10±1 .00]% vs [3.26±0.74]%,χ2 =12.32,P <0.05). When Aspergillus fumigatus conidia of different concentrations were added,the apoptosis rate was decreased (χ2 =31 .23,P <0.05 ).The early apoptosis of A549 cells was negatively correlated with the concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia (rTNF = - 0.92,r STS = - 0.94,both P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Aspergillus fumigatus conidia inhibits the early apoptosis of A549 cells induced by TNF-αor STS and the inhibit effect increases with the concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia.

Objective To analyze the relative factors for the prognosis in elderly patients with stroke,and provide theoretical basis for improving prognosis.Methods 188 elderly patients with stroke were treated in our department from Jan.2011 to Nov.2013,and clinical data was analyzed.The prognosis and relative risk factors for stroke were statistically analyzed.Results 99 cases had good prognosis,89 cases had poor prognosis,and the recovery rate were 52.7％ (99/188) and 47.3％ (89/188) respectively.The age was older in group of good prognosis than in group of poor proghosis (t=1.7930,P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the age,position of cerebral infarction,size of lesions,hypertension,diabetes,drinking and smoking were associated with the prognosis of stroke (t=1.7930,x2 =8.6473,15.046,13.1334,4.1536,5.7004,5.9043,respectively,all P＜0.05),while the prognosis was not associated with gender,a family history of stroke,hyperlipidemia and heart disease.Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed the prognosis of stroke was related with risk factors of age (OR=1.072),size of the lesion (OR=3.481),hypertension (OR=2.034),diabetes (OR=1.631) and smoking (OR=3.144).Conclusions It is beneficial to the prognosis of patients with stroke to stop bad habits and to treat hypertension and diabetes actively.

Child, Preschool ; Hemophilia A ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant

Abstract: Objective　To compare the different effects of body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass index (LBMI) on the risk of all-cause death among elderly Chinese individuals. For the more scientific, accurate and convenient measurement of the elderly physique, analysis and evaluation of the health risk factors of the elderly in China. Methods　This study is based on follow-up data from 2014 to 2018, involving 5 990 participants who met the inclusion criteria in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Participants were grouped according to their BMI and LBMI, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were established to compare the effects of BMI and LBMI on the risk of death in the elderly. According to gender, age, activities of daily living, and comorbidities, subgroup analysis was conducted to study the influence of LBMI in different subgroups. Results　The study population predominantly comprised females (52.9%, 3 167/5 990), with an average age of (84.7 ± 10.1) years, and most participants lived in rural areas (55.1%, 3 298/5 990). A majority were non-smokers (82.7%, 4 952/5 990) and non-drinkers (84.3%, 5 050/5 990). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.8% (1 966/ 5 990), diabetes 5.6% (334/5 990), and heart disease 12.9% (774/5 990). In the analysis of the impact of BMI on all-cause death in the elderly, univariate analysis showed that an increase in BMI was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. After adjusted by multiple factors (age, gender, living environment, marital status, average arterial pressure, number of children, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, tumor, ADL/IADL, number of complications), compared to the normal group, the emaciated group (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) had the highest risk of death (HR=1.15,95%CI: 1.01-1.30); the overweight group (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2) had a lower risk of death (HR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.67-0.91). In the analysis of the impact of LBMI on the risk of death in the elderly, compared to moderate LBMI, lower LBMI was associated with a higher risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with moderate LBMI, a decrease in LBMI increased the risk of death, whereas an increase in LBMI did not show statistically significant differences in mortality risk in the elderly. Conclusion　In measuring fitness and quality of life in the elderly, LBMI has better representativeness and practical value.

The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 (USP15) is regarded as a regulator of TGFβ signaling pathway. This process depends on Smad7, the inhibitory factor of the TGFβ signal, and type I TGFβ receptor (TβR-I), one of the receptors of TGFβ. The expression level of USP15 seems to play vital roles in the pathogenesis of many neoplasms, but so far there has been no report about USP15 in psoriasis. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 was performed in 30 paraffin-embedded psoriasis specimens and 10 normal specimens to investigate the expression of USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 in psoriasis and to explore the relevance among them. And USP15 small interfering RNA (USP15 siRNA) was used to transfect Hacat cells to detect the mRNA expression of TβR-I and Smad7. Of 30 cases of psoriasis in active stage, 28, 24 and 26 cases were positive for USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 staining, respectively. The positive rates of USP15 and Smad7 were significantly higher in psoriasis specimens than in normal skin specimens (44.1%±26.0% vs. 6.1%±6.6%, 47.2%±27.1% vs. 6.6%±7.1%), and positive rate of TβR-I (20.3%±22.2%) in psoriasis was lower than that in normal skin specimens (46.7%±18.2%). There was a significant positive correlation between USP15 and Smad7 expression, and significant negative correlations between USP15 and TβR-expression, an I d between TβR- and Smad7 expression I in psoriasis. After transfection of USP15 siRNA in Hacat cells, the expression of TβR-mRNA was up I -regulated and that of Smad7 was down-regulated. It is concluded that USP15 may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through regulating the TβR-I/Smad7 pathway and there may be other cell signaling pathways interacting with USP15 to take part in the development of psoriasis.

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a serious major parasitic disease that threatens human life and health. A better understanding of the mechanism of host-schistosome interactions is the key to designing new prevention and control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, which lead to the degradation of the target messenger RNA (mRNA) or inhibition of its translation in a sequence-specific manner. Both schistosome and its host produce miRNAs, which can be secreted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs from schistosome can be taken up by host cells, and finely manipulate the phenotype of host cells for their survival or pathogenesis in a cross-species manner, even inhibiting the growth and metastases of hepatoma cells. It is still unknown whether host free miRNAs can be taken up by schistosome, but this phenomenon is highly probable. miRNA-mediated cross-species regulation has emerged as a novel mechanism for host-schistosome interactions, and this review summarizes the advances in this regard.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine for pregnant women with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Sixty-two cases of HBeAg negative CHB pregnant women were collected from May 2007 to May 2012,and they were divided into telbivudine group (n=31 ,600 mg per day by oral administration)and compound glycyrrhizin group (n=31 ,120 mg per day by intravenous administration).All neonates were given intramuscular injection of 200 IU hepatitis Bimmune globalin at birth immediately and 15 days after birth,and 20 μg genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1 and 6 months after birth.The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level and hepatitis B virus (HBV)DNA titer were monitored.The HBV DNA negative conversion rate,the rate of intrauterine infection,duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate were compared between groups.All categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Results In telbivudine group,the HBV DNA level before delivery ([0.20±0.11]lg copy/mL)and 6 weeks after delivery ([0.22±0.13]lg copy/mL) were lower than that before treatment [(6.24±0.75 )lg copy/mL]and the differences were statistically significant (t=303.128 and 301 .321 ,respectively;both P <0.01).The negative conversion rate of HBV DNA in telbivudine group was 28 cases before delivery,while in compound glycyrrhizin group,no one had HBV DNA negative conversion.And statistical significant differences were achieved between these two groups before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery (t = -20.285 and -8.721 ,respectively;both P <0.01).In telbivudine group,the ALT levels before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery were (13.08±5.87) U/L and (25.97 ± 17.48)U/L,respectively,which were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (205.95± 95.69 )U/L.The differences were statistically significant (t = 93.128 and 81.321, respectively;both P <0.01).In compound glycyrrhizin group,the ALT level before delivery ([104.15 ± 69.15]U/L)was lower than that before treatment ([209.60 ± 102.24]U/L)and the difference was statistically significant (t = 9.281 ,P =0.032).However,the ALT level was fluctuant 6 weeks after delivery (150.26± 86.43)U/L,which was not significantly different from that before treatment (t =2.821 ,P =0.122).The ALT levels before delivery and 6 month after delivery were significantly different in both two groups (t=-2.559 and -3.158,respectively;both P <0.05 ).There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in the rate of intrauterine infection, duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate.Conclusion The using of telbivudine for pregnant women with HBeAg negative CHB can effectively control the hepatitis activation and reduce the virus titer.

BACKGROUND:At present, the main research fields about coronary stents are the whole degradation biological materials with high biocompatibility and drug control ed release systems.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety after the two novel biodegradable stents implanted in coronary arteries in porcine models.
METHODS:The normal ful y biodegradable stents were made up of the poly-L-lactide and the antiproliferative drugs paclitaxel, and the novel biodegradable stents were added in amorphic calcium phosphate at the basis of normal biodegradable stents. (1) Five normal ful y biodegradable stents were randomly implanted into the coronary arteries of five porcines, and five novel biodegradable stents were randomly implanted into the coronary arteries of the remaining five porcines by coronary angiography. The blood biochemistry and C-reactive protein levels were measured pre-operation and at 28 days after operation. Coronary angiography was utilized to observe the lumen unobstructed at 28 days after surgery. (2) Under a microscope, seven normal ful y biodegradable stents and seven novel biodegradable stents were implanted into right external iliac arteries of 14 rabbits. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were measured before surgery and at 28 days after operation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 28 days after operation, there were no significant changes in porcine glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels compared with that before operation, but urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly higher than that before operation (P<0.05). The result of coronary angiography showed that no in-stent thrombosis or stenosis was detected in either group. There was no significant difference in urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in both groups. These results suggested that it is safe and compatible after the two novel biodegradable stents implanted in coronary arteries of porcine models, and the stents had good histocompatibility.

Objective To explore the changing levels of serumIL-17 and Dectin-1 and their implication in non-neutropenic pa-tients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).Methods The clinical data were reviewed for 23 non-neutropenic patients with clinical diagnosis of IPA (IPA group),31 patients with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia (pneumonia group)and 51 healthy subjects(control group).The peripheral serum was collected to analyze IL-17 level by ELISA.Serum Dectin-1 level was also determined at the same time.Serum G test,GM test,WBC and CRP level were also assayed for the patients in IPA group.Pa-tient outcome was followed up and analyzed in terms of serum IL-17.Results The serum IL-17 level of the patients in IPA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).The serum IL-17 level in the pneumonia group was not significantly different from that in the control group (P >0.05).The serum Dectin-1 level in IPA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).For the patients in IPA group,serum IL-17 level was positively correlated to serum Dectin-1 level (r=0.81 ,P <0.05),while serum IL-17 and Dectin-1 levels were not correlated to the results of G test, GM test, WBC,CRP or patient outcome (P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Dectin-1 may be produced and Th17 cell immunity activated in response to Aspergillus fumigatus in-fection in non-neutropenic patients.And,serum Dectin-1 level is correlated with Th17 response.

Objective Cryptococcosis is a potential life-threatening systemic mycosis with a heterogeneous susceptible popu-lation which is classified into three groups according to the current guidelines, including AIDS patients, organ transplantation recipients ( OTR) , and non-HIV-infected and non-transplant hosts ( NHNT) .This study aimed to discuss the influence of basic diseases on the clinical features and prognosis of NHNT cryptococcosis patients. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, we retrieved the clinical data about 73 NHNT cryptococcosis patients treated in Jinling Hospital.Based on the presence or absence of immunodefi-ciency or infection-increasing complications, we divided the patients into a basic disease group ( n=35) and a non-basic disease group ( n=38) and analyzed their clinical characteristics, chest radiographic features, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. Results Compared with the non-basic disease group, the basic disease group showed a significantly higher incidence rate of disseminated disea-ses (62.9%vs 21.1%, P<0.01), more cases of patchy consolidation (47.4%vs 16.7%, P<0.05) and mixed lesion (31.6%vs 3.3%, P<0.05) in chest radiography, and a higher mortality (30.0%vs 5.3%, P=0.016). Conclusion Basic diseases have a great impact on the clinical features and prognosis of NHNT cryptococcosis.NHNT patients with basic diseases are susceptible to dis-seminated diseases with severer clinical symptoms and a higher mortality.